A293305797 - 23966 - 5 - 2019 - 5. Policies and Practices-Unit5

Unit 5
Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
The term greenhouse effect is used to indicate a heat-trapping process

caused by gases such as carbon dioxide, and water vapour which are
transparent to incoming solar radiations but re-emit the infrared
radiations from Earth's surface.
Global warming is a long-term rise in the average temperature of
Earth as a whole as a result of greenhouse effect.
This PPT is For Reference only.

Read from textbook for exams.
1. Shorter, high
Energy wavelengths
Hit the earths
Surface
2. Incoming energy
Is converted to heat

3. Longer, infrared
Wavelengths hit
Greenhouse gas
Molecules in the
atmosphere
4. Greenhouse gas
Molecules in the
Atmosphere emit
Infrared radiation
Back towards earth

Greenhouses Gases
•Carbon dioxide
•Methane
•Nitrous oxide
•Chlorofluoro carbons

Activities Responsible for Emission of Greenhouse Gases
•Fossil-fuel burning
•Industrial processes
•Deforestation
•Livestock
•Biomass burning
•Coal mining

Effects of CO2 increase
• Air and the Earth’s surface may grow warmer.
• The stratosphere may become cooler.
• Temperate and polar regions may become warmer leading to

the reduction in the ice cover of the earth.
• Rainfall may be higher than what it is present in the temperate

regions.
• The greater amount of evaporation due to excess warmth .

Environmental Effects of Global warming
•Climate change
•Rise in sea level
•Reduced agricultural production
•Storms
•Adverse effects on human health
•Loss of ecosystems and biodiversity

Control measures
•Reduction in the use of fossil fuels
•Shifting to the renewable energy sources that do not emit

greenhouse gases
•Increasing the use of energy efficient and cleaner production

technologies and practices
•Reducing deforestation, adopting better forest management

practices, and undertaking aforestation to sequester carbon

Acid Rain
Acid rain refers to a condition in which natural precipitation becomes

acidic after reacting chemically with pollutants in the air.
Causes of Acid Rain
Burning of the fuel as well as the use of nuclear weapons leading

to the evolution of large amounts of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and
nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which get converted to sulphurous acid
and nitric acid, respectively.

Adverse Effects of Acid Rain
•Reduction in population of aquatic biota
•Damage to terrestrial ecosystems
•Corrosion of buildings
•Effect on human beings

Ozone Layer and Its Depletion
The decrease in the concentration of ozone (O3) in stratosphere is known as

ozone layer depletion.
Chief Cause
Widespread use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

CFCs
CFCs are powerful O3 destroyers. They are used in the following
ways:
•As coolants in the compressors of refrigerators and air

conditioners.
•To clean electronic circuit boards used in computers, telephones,
etc.
•In the manufacture of foams for mattresses and cushions,
disposable styrofoam cups, packaging material, cold storage, etc.
Ozone Hole
The thinning of ozone layer or reduction in concentration of ozone

especially over the area of Antarctic continent is known as ozone hole,
which covers approximately seven million square kilometer.
Mechanism of Ozone Layer Depletion
a) CFC ⃗
UV Cl
b) O2 ⃗
UV C O + O
O2 + O ⃗ O3
O3 ⃗
UV B O2 + O
Cl + O ⃗ ClO
c) ClO + ClO ⃗ ClOOCl ( dimer )

d) ClOOCl ⃗ Cl 2 + O 2
e) Cl 2 ⃗ Cl + a
Environmental Effects of O3 Layer Depletion
•Damage to land plants
•Decrease in population of aquatic community
•Increase in the rate of skin diseases and cancers in human beings
•Disturbance in climate patterns
•Corrosion of materials
Control Measures
•Evolving substitutes for CFCs
•Development of hydrochloroflourocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons

Related links
1. Climate change
https://www.carbonbrief.org/10-of-the-best-youtube-videos-on-climate-change

2. global warming
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/101-videos/global-warming-101
http://www.howglobalwarmingworks.org/in-under-4-minutes-ba.html

3. ozone layer depletion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXV6ppONgUk

4. acid rain and impacts on human communities and agriculture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aEx067YkDE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=893KB3s_jIA
http://study.com/academy/lesson/acid-rain-effects-causes-quiz.htm

Q s
C
M Weather is the condition of–
(a) the atmosphere at a particular place and time
(b) average atmosphere of last 100 years of a country
(c) average atmosphere of last 1000 years of a country
(d) only moisture in sea
Green house effect is

(a) emission of green coloured gas
(b) heat trapping process by gas
(c) effect of green vegetables on health
(d) effect of green building on environment.
Which of the statement is true?

(a) global warming is the effect of excess green house effect
(b) there is no relation between global warming and green house effect
(c) global warming means afforestation
(d) none of the statement is true.
Which of the following is NOT green house gas?

(a) CH4 (b) CO2 (c) CFC (d) N2
Which of the following is green house gas?
(a)O3 (b) Cl2 (c) O2 (d) N2
Which of the following is responsible for global warming?

(a)deforestation (b) burning of fossil fuel (c) coal mining (d) all of these
Which initiative was taken to reduce global warming?

(a) Kyoto Protocol (b) Montreal protocol (c) Global protocol (d) Earth protocol
Which initiative was taken to reduce ozone layer depression?

(a) Kyoto Protocol (b) Montreal protocol (c) Global protocol (d) Earth protocol
Which gas is directly responsible for acid rain?

(a) SO2 (b) O2 (c) N2 (d) Br2
What is the full name of CFC?

•chloro fluoro carbon (b) chloro fine carbon (c) carbon floated chlorine
(d) chlorine floated carbon

Environmental acts

The Environment Protection act
1986
Objective- It provides for the protection and conservation of the
Environment.
Key notes of the act;

1.Under the Act, a central government may provide permission for
various works related to urbanization.
2.Protection against natural hazards
3.Maintenance of water supply in aquifers.
4.Protection of lines of communication and transportation
5.Preservation of public health.
Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act of 1981
Objective- It provides the prevention , control and abatement of
air pollution. Provisions of the Act has to be implemented by
Central Pollution Control Board along with the state board.
Functions-
1.setting of the air quality standards, collecting data on air
pollution, organizing training, awareness programmes,
establishing laboratories
2.Specify air pollution control areas and set standard for
vehicle emissions.
3.Penalties for violation of its provisions. Applies to all.

Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act 1974
Objective-
1.It prevents, controls and provides maintenance or restoration of
wholesomeness of water.
2.Provisions of the Act has to be implemented by Central Pollution
Control Board being a main agency.
Functions-
1.Establishes standards of the water quality and effluent
2.Polluting industries must seek the permission to discharge the
waste into effluent bodies.

Wildlife Protection Act of 1972
Objective-
Wildlife protection Act of 1972 defines wildlife to include any bird or
animal and aquatic or land vegetation, form part of any habitat.
Function-
1.Under the Act, Central government work with state governments
to regulate or prohibit the conversion of forest in agriculture or
urban land.
3.Maintenance of water supply in water bodies present in Forest.
Forest Conservation Act of 1980
Objective-
1.It provides for the protection and conservation of the forests.
2.Under the Act, a state government may regulate or prohibit in
any forest the clearing of land for cultivation, pasturing of cattle,
or clearing the vegetation for any of following purposes:
Function-
2.Maintenance of water supply in aquifers.
4.Preservation of public health.
5.Mandatory for land owner.
Issues involved in enforcement of
Env Laws
1. Illiteracy
2. Growing population
3. Ignorance
4. Economic reasons
5. Insufficiency of laws

CQ Issues involved in the enforcement of environmental legislation is:
M a. Illiteracy
b. Ignorance
c. Economic reasons
d. All of these

Illiteracy, Ignorance, Economic reasons are issues involved in
a. Enforcement of environmental legislation
b. Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Act
c. Act Wild life Protection
d. None of these
The environmental planning is:

a. The analysis of how we can increase poaching of environment
b. The analysis of how people impact natural resources
c. The supply of management tool to destroy our environment
d. The analysis of how we can increase deforestation

The legislation that is truly a milestone in the field of environmental protection was enacted in:
• 1986 B. 1995 C. 1991 D. 1994
The objectives of Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1986

• To prevent, control and maintenance or restoration of water.
a. To establish standards of the water quality and effluent
b. Polluting industries must seek the permission to discharge the waste into effluent bodies.
c. All of the above
Environment Laws:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CTUOchYZG2k
Environment protection act:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPgBLOZ85Cw
Air act:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Vszm8Pj1uY
Water act
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNbP0L2Ecoo
Wild life conservation act

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYJOd-QYidc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzaNyNVcAnA
Forest conservation act:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6U_4jX4engM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1JJMYWyL68

Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on
climate change is an amendment to the international treaty on climate
change:
It assigns mandatory emission limitations for the reduction of green
house gas emission to the signatory nations.
The objective of Protocol is “Stabilization of greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent
dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climatic system”
Montreal Protocol
Designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a
number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion
Convention on Biological Diversity
The conservation of biodiversity is a common concern of

humankind. The CBD covers biodiversity at all levels:
Ecosystems, species and genetic resources.
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international
legally-binding treaty with three main goals: conservation of
biodiversity; sustainable use of biodiversity; and the fair and
equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of
genetic resources. Its overall objective is to encourage actions
which will lead to a sustainable future.

Human - wildlife conflict in India

Human wild life conflict in India

tribal population and rights in India
India's forests are home to crores of people, including many Scheduled Tribes, who

live in or near the forest areas of the country. Nearly 250 million people live in and
around forests in India, of which the estimated indigenous Adivasi or tribal
population stands at about 100 million.

Imtroduction and features of Kyoto Protocol
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXRGwHZxi6A(Kyoto)
Basics of Kyoto Protocol

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXdmqXG3ITU
Why the Kyoto Protocol Failed

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcxL7jN4akw
Kyoto Protocol's success, criticism and the future

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNhMCE6S0r8
Montreal Protocol Documentry

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lksYRyagxp4
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1irQmkReDIo
A video on the ozone hole, climate change and the works of the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnp0YU3u1r4
Action Now for Life on Earth

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uRTHoLpoLE

World Wide Views on Biodiversity 2012 - Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5sCJEEXsTE
Land Rights Initiative Delhi Conference to protect tribal populations

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFw8oakAX-g
Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmrGwt2Gj9M
Issues related to the culture, identity, lifestyle and livelihood of the tribals.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7D7H37bxsE
Human Wildlife Conflict in the Sundarbans

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2yyUl_smGE
Documentry to reduce HUMAN WILDLIFE CONFLICT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9-wekzDfRo
Imtroduction and features of Kyoto Protocol

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXRGwHZxi6A(Kyoto)
Basics of Kyoto Protocol

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXdmqXG3ITU
Why the Kyoto Protocol Failed

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcxL7jN4akw

s Kyoto protocol is assigned for
CQ a.Reduction of greenhouse gas emission
M
b.Reduction of acid rain
c.Plantation of trees
d.None of these

Montreal protocol is assigned for
a.Protection of ozone layer
b.Production of greenhouse gas emission
c.Production of acid rain
d.Plantation of trees
What is Kyoto Protocol?

A. It is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing global warming.
B. It is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing acid rain.
C. It is an agreement among countries to take steps for planting trees to control pollution.
D. It is an agreement among countries to start using nuclear energy.

The protocol assign for reduction of greenhouse gas emission is:
a. Kyoto protocol
b. Montreal protocol
c. Vienna protocol
d. None of these

The protocol assign for protection of ozone layer is:
a. Kyoto protocol
a.Montreal protocol
•Vienna protocol
•None of these This PPT is For Reference only.

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Unit 5

Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming

The term greenhouse effect is used to indicate a heat-trapping process

This PPT is For Reference only.

This PPT is For Reference only.

This PPT is For Reference only.

This PPT is For Reference only.

This PPT is For Reference only.

• The stratosphere may become cooler.

• Temperate and polar regions may become warmer leading to

• Rainfall may be higher than what it is present in the temperate

• The greater amount of evaporation due to excess warmth .

•Rise in sea level

•Reduced agricultural production

•Adverse effects on human health

•Loss of ecosystems and biodiversity

This PPT is For Reference only.

•Reduction in the use of fossil fuels

•Shifting to the renewable energy sources that do not emit

•Increasing the use of energy efficient and cleaner production

•Reducing deforestation, adopting better forest management

This PPT is For Reference only.

Acid rain refers to a condition in which natural precipitation becomes

Causes of Acid Rain

Burning of the fuel as well as the use of nuclear weapons leading

This PPT is For Reference only.

•Reduction in population of aquatic biota

•Damage to terrestrial ecosystems

•Effect on human beings

This PPT is For Reference only.

The decrease in the concentration of ozone (O3) in stratosphere is known as

Widespread use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

This PPT is For Reference only.

•As coolants in the compressors of refrigerators and air

The thinning of ozone layer or reduction in concentration of ozone

c) ClO + ClO ⃗ ClOOCl ( dimer )

This PPT is For Reference only.

This PPT is For Reference only.

Green house effect is

Which of the statement is true?

Which of the following is NOT green house gas?

Which of the following is responsible for global warming?

Which initiative was taken to reduce global warming?

Which initiative was taken to reduce ozone layer depression?

Which gas is directly responsible for acid rain?

What is the full name of CFC?

This PPT is For Reference only.

This PPT is For Reference only.

Key notes of the act;

This PPT is For Reference only.

This PPT is For Reference only.

This PPT is For Reference only.

The environmental planning is:

The objectives of Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1986

Environment protection act:

Wild life conservation act

Forest conservation act:

This PPT is For Reference only.

The conservation of biodiversity is a common concern of

This PPT is For Reference only.

This PPT is For Reference only.

This PPT is For Reference only.

India's forests are home to crores of people, including many Scheduled Tribes, who