End-term Practice Questions

1. Differentiate between following:

a. 1-D, 2-D, 3-D Fluids
b. compressible and incompressible fluids
c. Viscous & inviscid fluids
d. Steady and unsteady flows
e. Laminar & turbulent flow
2. What do you understand by closed system, open system and isolated system?
3. Determine the mass and weight of the air contained in a room whose dimensions are 5X5X7m
assume density of air 1.16kg/m3
4. A liquid has a mass density of 1550 kg/m³. Calculate its specific weight, specific gravity and
specific volume.
5. Discuss variation of viscosity with temperature in liquid and gases.
6. A 0.6mm diameter glass tube inserted into water at 22° in cup determine the capillary rise of
water in tube.
7. Discuss wetting and non-wetting conditions.
8. What do you understand by center of pressure.
9. What do you understand by Mach No.
10. State and derive Pascal’s law.
11. Derive the Bernoulli equation for steady flow.
12. Cite and explain application of Bernoulli equation.
13. 20 m3/h of water flows through a pipe with 200 mm inside diameter. The pipe is reduced to an
inside dimension of 160 mm. find the new flow rate.
14. Write Bernoulli’s equation for compressible flow.
15. A triangular gate, which has a base of 1.5m and an altitude of 2m, lies in a vertical plane. The
vertex of the gate is 1m below the surface of a tank, which contains oil of specific gravity 0.8.
Find the force exerted by the oil on the gate and the position of the center of pressure.
16. Differentiate between Laminar and Turbulent flows with the help of Reynolds number.
17. Derive differential form of continuity equation.
18. Discuss hydro dynamically fully developed entrance region for a pipe flow with the help of
diagram.
19. Write expression for velocity of sounds ( all three of them)
20. Define and derive the formula for Reynolds’s Number.
21. What do you understand by energy correction factors and momentum correction factors.
22. Velocity distribution for laminar flow of real fluid in pipe is given as V=Vmax(1-r2/R2), where
Vmax is velocity at the center of the pipe, R is pipe radius, and V is velocity at radius r from the
centre of the pipe. Determine the momentum correction factor.
23. What do you understand by Mach No.
24. Differentiate between hydraulic grade line and energy grade line with help of diagram.
25. Write Types of compressible flow on the basis of mach no.
26. The population of a city is 8,00,000 and it is to be supplied with water from a reservoir 6.4km
away. Water is to be supplied at the rate of 140 liters/day and half the supply is to be delivered
in 8 hours. The full supply level of the reservoir is R.L 180m, its lowest water level is RL
105m.The delivery end of the main is at RL 22.5m, and the head required there is 2m. Find the
diameter of the pipe. Take f=0.4
27. Obtain expression for total head loss for pipes in series as in given diagram

28. A pipeline carrying oil of specific gravity 0.87, changes in diameter from 200mm diameter at a
position A to 500mm diameter at a position B which is 4m at a higher level. If the pressure at A
and B are 9.81N/cm2 and 5.886N/ cm2 respectively and the discharge is 200 liters/sec.
determine the loss of head and direction of fluid.
29. What is stagnation point.
30. A venturimeter has its axis vertical, the inlet and throat diameters being 150mm and 75mm
respectively. The throat is 225mm above inlet and K=0.96. Petrol of specific gravity 0.78 flows up
through the meter at a rate of 0.029 m3/s. Find the pressure difference between the inlet and
the throat.
31. Derive expression for stagnation pressure.
32. Define dimensional homogeneity and state the Buckingham – π theorem.
33. Find an expression for the time period of a pendulum. The time period depend on length of
pendulum and acceleration due to gravity.
34. Determine dimension of velocity, angular velocity, kinematic viscosity, dynamic viscosity,
angular acceleration.
35. Find expression for drag force on the smooth sphere of diameter D, moving with a uniform
velocity V in a fluid of density ρ and dynamic viscosity µ.
36. The efficiency η of a fan depends on density ρ, dynamic viscosity µ of a fluid , angular velocity ω,
diameter D of the rotor and the discharge Q. express η in terms of dimensionless parameter.
37. What do you understand by Froude’s No. and Euler’s No.
38. Explain the lift in a rotating ball due to Magnus effect.
39. What is drag force and lift force explain with diagram.
40. Obtain expression for total drag force and total lift force for an arbitrary shaped body in a real
fluid.
41. What do you understand by pressure drag and friction drag.
42. A flat plate 1.5mx1.5m moves at velocity 60km/hr in a stationary air of density of 1.15kg/m3 . if
the coefficient of drag and lift are 0.15 and 0.75 respectively. Determine drag force, lift force
and resultant force.
43. What is metacentric height.
44. A rectangular body is 5m long ,3m wide and 1.2m high. Depth of inversion of the body id 0.8m in
sea water. If the center of gravity is 0.6 m above the bottom of the body. Determine metacentric
height. The density of sea water is equal to 1025kg/m3.
45. Explain the stable, neutrally stable and unstable conditions of ship model with diagram.
46. What is a streamlined body and bluff body.
47. Prove that pressure at a point in a fluid has same magnitude in all directions.
48. Derive stoke’s law.
49. Discuss about major and minor losses in the pipe flow.
50. How major and minor losses are difeerent from each other.
51. Obtain the expression for head loss due to sudden contraction.
52. Obtain expression for head loss due to sudden enlargement.
53. Find the loss of head when a pipe of diameter 250mm is suddenly enlarged to a diameter of 450
mm. Rate of flow through pipe is 300liters/sec.
54. A 150 mm diameter pipe reduces in diameter abruptly to 100 mm diameter . if the pipe carries
water at 30 litres per second, calculate the pressure loss across the contraction. Take the
coefficient of contraction as 0.6.
55. Define: Enthalpy ,Total Enthalpy ,Stagnation Temperature ,Stagnation Pressure
56. Derive expression for stagnation pressure.
57. An Aircraft is flying at a cruising speed of 200 m/s at an altitude of 4000m where the
atmospheric pressure is 54.05 kPa and the ambient air temperature is 255.7 K. The ambient air
is first decelerated in a diffuser before it enter a compressor. Assuming both the diffuser and
compressor to be isentropic, determine the stagnation pressure at inlet (cp=1.005 KJ/kg.K,
k=1.4).
58. Derive area velocity relationship for compressible flow.
59. Air enters a diffuser with a velocity of 370m/s. Determine type of flow based on Mach Number
(R=0.287 KJ/kg.K, k=1.4).
60. Find the speed of sound wave in air at sea-level where pressure and temperature are 10.1043
N/cm² and 15°C respectively. Take R= 287 J/kg K and k= 1.4.