PERIMETER AND AREA

4
CHAPTER

 Regular polygon
CONTENTS A regular polygon is a polygon in which all the
sides are equal.
 Introduction
 Perimeter of a Polygon
 Formulae for Square & Rectangle Triangle Square Pentagon Hexagon

 Area of a Triangle PERIMETER OF A POLYGON

The sum of the length of all sides of a closed figure

 Triangles as Parts of Rectangle & is called the perimeter of the figure.

  Square Perimeter of some polygons are given in the table

below :
  Area of parallelogram Figure Name of Perimeter
the figure
 Paths Around a Rectangle & a Square Scalene (a + b + c)
a b Triangle Sum of the
length of sides
INTRODUCTION c

 Closed Figures Isosceles (2a + b)

a a Triangle
A figure whose beginning and ending points are 2 × Length of
same is called a closed figure. equal sides +
b
 Rectilinear Figures Length of
unequal side
A figure which consists of line segments only is
called a rectilinear figure. Equilateral 3a
a a Triangle
 Polygon 3 × Length of
A polygon is a simple closed figure that consist of a the side of
line segments only. Thus, a polygon is a closed triangle
rectilinear figure. Rectangle 2(a + b)
The following figures are examples of polygons : b 2 (Sum of the
a length and
breadth)
Parallelogram 2(a + b)

Triangle Quadrilateral Pentagon 2 (Length +

 breadth) (iv) Perimeter of a parallelogram
b
= 2 (length + breadth)
a
= 2 (6 cm + 5 cm)
a Square 4a
= 22 cm.
a a 4 × Length of
Ex.2 Find the perimeter of the following figures and
the side of
a identify which figure has the greater perimeter?
square
8 cm
a Rhombus 4a

1cm
1cm
1cm 1cm
a a 4 × Length of 8 cm 8 cm 8 cm 8 cm
the side of
a rhombus 8 cm 8 cm
Note : (A) (B)

The perimeter of a regular polygon = Number Sol. Perimeter of figure A, which is a square of side
of sides × Length of one side 8 cm = 4 × 8 cm = 32 cm.
Similarly the perimeter of figure B, which is
not a square, because two square pieces of side
EXAMPLES  1 cm are cut off along one side of the square

Ex.1 Find the perimeter of the following closed figure : = 8 cm + 8 cm + (8 cm + 1 cm + 1 cm + 1 cm

C + 1 cm) + 8 cm = 36 cm.
D 9 cm C
10 Clearly, figure B has the greater perimeter than
6 cm

cm
7 cm

figure A.
cm

(i) (ii)
12

B A B Note : When a shape is cut off from a given

A 15 cm 8 cm shape then the perimeter of the new shape so
obtained is increased.
D 5 cm C D C
Ex.3 Nisha wants to fence the rectangular garden in
5 cm

5 cm

5 cm

(iii) (iv) front of her house. Its length is 6 m and breadth

A 5 cm B
Sol. (i) Perimeter of quadrilateral ABCD
= AB + BC + CD + DA
= 15 cm + 7 cm + 9 cm + 12 cm = 43 cm
(ii) Perimeter of the triangle ABC
= AB + BC + CA
= 8 cm + 10 cm + 6 cm = 24 cm
(iii) Perimeter of a square
is 3 m. The side which is not to be fenced is 6
A 6 cm B m in length. Find the cost of fencing at the rate
of j 275 per m.
Sol. The garden is in shape of a rectangle. Its one of
the sides (6 m) is not to be fenced. Therefore,
the length of fence required is the perimeter of
the garden excluding one side.
=6m+3m+3m
= 12 m
 The cost of fencing at the rate of j 275 per meter.

= 4 × length of a side = j 275 × 12

= 4 × 5 cm = 20 cm. = j 3300.
OTHER FORMULAE FOR SQUARE AND Bigger units of Area
RECTANGLE
1 are = 100 m2
 Square 1 hectare = 10,000 m2
Let ABCD be a square whose each side is of length
EXAMPLES 
‘x’ units.
A D Ex.4 The length and breadth of a rectangular piece
of land are 500 m and 300 m respectively. Find
(i) its perimeter (ii) its area (iii) the cost of the
x land, if 1 m2 of land costs j 1000.
Sol. We have
B C
x Length of land (l) = 500 m
(i) Area of square = x × x = x2 unit2 Breadth of land (b) = 300 m
500 m
(ii) Side of square = Area of square  x 2 units

Side of square = x units. Land 300 m

(iii) Diagonal of square (AC = BD) = BC 2  DC 2

(i) Perimeter = 2 (l + b)
= x2  x2 = 2x 2 = x 2 units.
= 2 (500 + 300) m
 Rectangle = 2 × 800 m
Let PQRS be a rectangle having length and breadth
Perimeter = 1600 m
l and b respectively.
(ii) Area of land = l × b
S l R
= (500 × 300) m2
b b = 150000 m2
(iii)  The cost of 1 m2 of land = j 1000
P l Q
 The cost of 150000 m2 of land
(i) Area of rectangle = (l × b) unit2. = j 1000 × 150000
(ii) Length of rectangle = j 150000000
Area of rec tan gle Ex.5 Find the area of rectangle whose length and
= units.
Breadth of rec tangle breadth are 10.5 cm and 7.5 dm respectively.

(iii) Breadth of rectangle Sol. Length of rectangle (l) = 10.5 cm

Area of rec tan gle Breadth of rectangle (b)

= units.
Length of rec tan gle = 7.5 dm = (7.5 × 10) cm = 75 cm
(iv) Length of diagonal (PR = SQ) Area of rectangle = l × b
= (10.5 × 75) cm2
= PQ 2  RQ 2  l 2  b 2 units.
= 787.5 cm2.
 Units of Area
Ex.6 The perimeter of a rectangular sheet is
1. 1 cm2 = 10 mm × 10 mm = 100 mm2 100 cm. If the length is 35 cm, find its breadth.
2. 1 m2 = 100 cm × 100 cm = 10,000 cm2 Also find its area.
Sol. We have, Length (l) = 35 cm. l × b = 3600
Breadth (b) = ? 90 × b = 3600
Perimeter = 100 cm. b = 3600 ÷ 90
Perimeter of rectangle = 2(l + b) b = 40 m
100 = 2[35 + b] So, breadth of rectangular park = 40 m.
100 ÷ 2 = 35 + b Ex.9 A door of length 2 m and breadth 1 m is fitted
in a wall. The length of the wall is 4.5 m and
50 = 35 + b
breadth is 3.6 m. Find the cost of white-
50 – 35 = b washing the wall, if the rate of white-washing
the wall is j 20 per m2.
15 = b
Breadth (b) = 15 cm.
Now, area of rectangle = l × b
= 35 × 15 cm2
= 525 cm2.
1m
Ex.7 Find the area of a square park whose perimeter Sol.
is 320 m.

Sol.

Perimeter of square = 4 × side 2m

Area of door = (2 × 1) m2
320 m = 4 × side Area of door = 2 m2
320 ÷ 4 = side Area of wall including door = (4.5 × 3.6) m2
80 m = side = 16.2 m2
Side of square = 80 m Area of wall excluding door = (16.2 – 2) m2
Now, area of square = side × side Area of wall to be white-washed = 14.2 m2
= 80 m × 80 m Cost of white washing the wall
Hence, Area of square = 6400 m2. = Area of wall × cost of white-washing per m2
Ex.8 The area of a square park is the same as of a = j (14.2 × 20) = j 284.
rectangular park. If the side of the square park
is 60 m and the length of the rectangular park is Ex.10 The cost of fencing a square field at 40 paise
90 m, find the breadth of rectangular park. per metre is j 2000. Find the cost of watering
the field at 80 paise per 100 m2.
Sol. Side of square park = 60 m
Sol. Total cost of fencing = j 2000
Area of square park
= side × side = 60 m × 60 m = 3600 m2.  40  2
Rate of fencing = j   per m = j per m.
 100  5
Length of rectangular park (l) = 90 m
Breadth of rectangular park (b) = ? Total cos t of fencing
Perimeter of field =
Rate per metre
As, area of rectangular park
= Area of square park (given) 2000 2000  5
= m  5,000 m
2/5 2
 5000 = 2 [54.5] m
Side of the square field = m = 1250 m
4 = 109 m.
2
Area of square field = (1,250 × 1,250) m The same wire is re-bent in the shape of a
Area of square field = 15,62,500 m2 square.
Therefore, the length of total wire = Perimeter
 80  4
Cost of watering 100 m2 = j   = j of the square
 100  5
  109 m = Perimeter of the square
4 1 
Cost of watering 1 m = j  
2
 So, the side of the square
 5 100 
Perimeter of the square 109
Cost of watering 15,62,500 m2 =  m = 27.25 m
4 4
4 1  The area of the square = (27.25 m)2 = 742.56 sq m
= j    1562500  = j 12,500.
 5 100  and area of the rectangular field enclosed by
Ex.11 The sides of a rectangular park are in the ratio the wire of length 32.9 m and 21.6 m.
5 : 4. If its area is 8,000 m2, find the cost of = 32.9 m × 21.6 m
fencing it at j 3.50 per metre.
= 710.64 sq m.
Sol. Let the length and breadth of rectangular park
are 5x and 4x respectively. Hence from above it is clear that the area of
square is more than the area of rectangle while
Area of rectangle = l × b both have same perimeter.
So, 5x × 4x = 8000 Ex.13 A door of dimension 2.5 m × 1.5 m is on the
2
20x = 8000 wall of dimension 12 m × 8.5 m. Find the cost
of painting the wall, if the rate of painting is
x2 = 8000 ÷ 20 j 3.75 per sq m.
x2 = 400 12 m
x2 = 20 × 20 = (20)2

 x = 20 m
So, length = 5 × x = 5 × 20 = 100 m
Breadth = 4 × x = 4 × 20 = 80 m.
Sol.
Length i.e., Perimeter to be fenced
= 2 (l + b) m = 2 (100 + 80) m
= 2 × 180 m = 360 m
Cost of fencing = j 3.50 per metre
Total cost of fencing = j 3.50 × 360 = j 1,260.
Ex.12 A wire is in the shape of a rectangle, its length
is 32.9 m and breadth is 21.6 m. If the same
wire is re-bent in the shape of a square, what
will be the measure of each side? Also find
which encloses more area.
Sol. Since the wire is in the shape of a rectangle.
Therefore, the total length of the wire
Ex.14 The length and breadth of a rectangular field
= Perimeter of the rectangle
= 2 [32.9 + 21.6] m
8.5 m
1.5 m
2.5 m
The painting has to be done of the wall
excluding the area of the door.
Area of the door = l × b
= 2.5 m × 1.5 m = 3.75 sq m
Now area of the wall including the door
= 12 m × 8.5 m = 102 sq m
So, the area of the wall excluding the door
= 102 sq m – 3.75 sq m = 98.25 sq m
Cost of painting the wall = j 3.75 × 98.25
= j 368.44 (upto two decimal places)
= j 368 (approx).
are in the ratio 3 : 1. If the area of the field is
675 sq m, find its length and breadth.
Sol. Let the length and breadth of the rectangle is 3x 1
and x respectively. Area of PQR = × QR × PS unit2
2
Then, the area of the rectangle = 3x × x = 675 sq m  Area of a right triangle
 3x2 = 675 sq m A
675
 x 2  = 225 = 15 × 15
3
x × x = 15 × 15 x = 15 m
Thus, the length of the rectangle C B
= 3x = 3 × 15 = 45 m
1 
and the breadth of the rectangle = x = 15 m. Area of ABC =   BC  AB  unit 2
2 
Ex.15 Express 6 sq m in or Area of ABC
(i) sq cm (ii) sq mm
1
Sol. (i) Since 1 sq m = 100 × 100 sq cm = × (Product of perpendicular legs) unit2
2
6 sq m = 6 × 100 × 100 sq m  Area of an equilateral triangle
= 60000 sq cm A
(ii) Since 1 sq cm = 100 sq mm
60000 sq cm = 60000 × 100 sq mm a a
= 6000000 sq mm
Therefore 6 sq m = 60000 sq cm = 6000000 sq mm
B D C
Ex.16 Express 745000000 mm in a
(i) sq cm (ii) sq m Area of ABC
Sol. (i) Since 100 sq mm = 1 sq cm 1
= × BC × AD
745000000 2
745000000 sq m m = sq cm
100 1
= × a × AD ....(i)
= 7450000 sq cm 2
(ii) Since 100 × 100 sq cm = 1 sq m In ABD, using Pythagoras theorem
7450000 AB2 = AD2 + BD2
7450000 sq cm = sq m = 745 sq m
100  100 2
a
a2 = AD2 +   ( Altitude bisects base)
Therefore 745000000 sq mm = 7450000 sq cm 2
= 745 sq m.
a2 a2
 Area of a triangle a2 = AD2 +  a 2   AD 2
4 4
P
4a 2  a 2
 AD 2 
4

3a 2
   AD
4
Q S R
1 3 a  a
Area of triangle (PQR) = × QR × PS  AD 
2 2 2
 a 3
 AD 

7.4 cm
2 cm
(iii) (iv) 10 7.5 cm
Now, from (i)
12 cm
6 cm
1 a 3 3
Area of ABC =  a    (a 2 ) unit 2
2 2 4 Sol. (i) Base = 6 cm and height = 5 cm.
1
3 Area of the triangle =  base  height
Area of ABC =  (side) 2 unit 2 2
4
1
 Area of isosceles triangle = × 6 cm × 5 cm = 3 cm × 5 cm
2
A
= 15 sq cm.

a (ii) Base = 3.2 cm and height = 2 cm.

a
1
Therefore, area = × base × height
2
B C
b/2 D b/2 1
b = × 3.2 × 2 = 3.2 cm × 1 cm = 3.2 sq cm
2
1
Area of ABC =  BC  AD (iii) Base = 6 cm and height = 7.4 cm.
2
1
1 Therefore, area = × base × height
Area of ABC = × b × AD ……(1) 2
2
1
In ABD, = × 6 cm × 7.4 cm = 3 cm × 7.4 cm
2
AB2 = AD2 + BD2 (using Pythagoras theorem)
= 22.2 sq cm.
2
b (iv) Base = 10 cm and height = 7.5 cm.
a2 = AD2 +   (in isosceles triangle altitude
2 1
bisects the base) Area of the triangle = × base × height
2
b2 1
a2   AD = × 10 cm × 7.5 cm = 5 cm × 7.5 cm
4 2
From (1), we have, = 37.5 sq cm.
1 Ex.18 Find the height of a triangle whose base is
b 2 
Area of ABC =   b  a 2  unit2. 60 cm in figure and whose area is 600 sq cm.
2 4 
  C
EXAMPLES 
Ex.17 Find the area of the following triangles :
A B
60 cm
cm

(i) (ii)
5 cm

1
2.4

2 cm Sol. Area of triangle = × Base × Height

2

6 cm 3.2 cm Area 2  600

Height = 2 ×   20 cm.
Base 60
TRIANGLES AS PARTS OF RECTANGLE Area of parallelogram (ABCD)
AND SQUARE = Base × Corresponding altitude
ABCD is a rectangle with AD = BC = 5 cm and Area of parallelogram ABCD = (BC × AM) unit2
AB = DC = 7 cm, then
Area of parallelogram ABCD = (CD × AN) unit2.
D C
Thus,
I (i) Area of a Parallelogram = Base × Height
II 5 cm
Area
(ii) Base of a Parallelogram =
A B Height
7 cm
Area of rectangle ABCD = Area of ABD + Area Area
(iii) Height of a Parallelogram =
of BDC Base

Area of rectangle ABCD = 2 (Area of ABD) EXAMPLES 

(Area of ABD = Area of BDC) Ex.19 The following rectangles is formed of
1 congruent polygons. Find the area of each
 Area of rectangle ABCD = Area of ABD polygon.
2
1 I II III II
or Area of rectangle ABCD = Area of BDC.

6 cm

6 cm
2 I III
IV V VI IV
and ABCD is square in given figure of side 5 cm,
then 10 cm 10 cm
D 5 cm C (A) (B)

III I

6 cm
IV II
O II
I
10 cm
A B (C)
Area of square = (Area of I + Area of II + Area
Sol. (i) Clearly figure (A) has 6 identical figures.
of III + Area of IV)
Therefore, area of rectangle = 6 × Area of one
1
(Area of square) = Area of each . polygon.
4
Area of rec tangle
(Area of all four 's is equal) Area of one polygon =
6
AREA OF PARALLELOGRAM (||gm) 10  6
= sq cm = 10 sq cm.
ABCD is a parallelogram in which AB || CD, 6
BC || AD. (ii) Figure (B) has 4 identical figures
Therefore, area of one polygon
A D
Area of rectangle
=
N 4
10  6
= sq cm = 15 sq cm
4
B M C (iii) Figure (C) has 2 identical figures.
 Therefore, area of one polygon 2 1
= base × height = 4 cm  1 cm
Area of rectangle 3 2
=
2 14 3 7 1
=  sq cm  sq cm  7 sq cm.
10  6 3 2 11
= sq cm = 30 sq cm.
2 (ii) Area = base × height = 7.2 cm × 3.4 cm
Ex.20 A square of sides 6 cm is divided into two parts = 24.48 sq cm.
as shown in the following figure. Observe the
Ex.23 The base of a parallelogram is thrice its height.
parts and find the area of each part.
If the area is 867 sq cm, find the base and
Sol. height of the parallelogram.
2.5 cm 3.5 cm
Sol. Area of a parallelogram
I II 6 cm = Base × Height = b × h
b × h = 867 sq cm (Given)
3.5 cm 2.5 cm Also, it is given that base is thrice the height of
the parallelogram.
By tracing any part on a tracing paper and on
Let the height = b; then base
putting it on other we find that both the parts
are exactly identical i.e., congruent. = 3b.
Therefore, the area of each part So, (b × 3b) = 867 sq cm
Area of square 66 3b2 = 867 sq cm
= = sq cm = 18 sq cm.
2 2 867
b2 = sq cm = 289 sq cm
Hence, the area of each part = 18 sq cm. 3
Ex.21 Find the area of a parallelogram of base 8 cm,  b × b = 17 cm × 17 cm
height 7 cm and breadth 6 cm.
  b = 17 cm
Sol. Thus, height h = b = 17 cm ;
6 cm base b = 3b = 3 × 17
7 cm
= 51 cm

PATHS AROUND A RECTANGLE AND

A SQUARE
8 cm
Area = base × height Area of the path = Area of rectangle EFGH – Area
of rectangle ABCD.
= 8 × 7 sq cm = 56 sq cm
H G H G
Ex.22 Find the area of the following shapes :
D C D C
cm

1
1 cm 3.4 cm
4.3

2
A B
2 A B F
4 cm E
7.2 cm E F
3
(i) (ii)
(i) (ii)

Sol. (i) Area of the parallelogram EXAMPLES 

Ex.24 A pathway is to be constructed around a = Area of rectangle EFGH + Area of
rectangular grass lawn measuring 30 m by 20 rectangle PQRS – Area of the shaded
metre. The width of the path is 2 m. Find the portion at the centre of the park.
area of the path.
We subtract the area of the shaded portion
H G because it has been calculated two times.
D 2 m. C 2. Area of the remaining park = Area of the
park – Area of the roads.
2 30 m.
Ex.25 The side of a square flower bed is 1 m 80 cm. It
m. 20 m.
is enlarged by digging a strip 20 cm wide all
around it. Find :
A 2 m. B (i) the area of the enlarged flower bed.
E F
(ii) the increase in area of the flower bed.
E F
Sol. Area of the path
= Area of EFGH – Area of ABCD A B
180 cm
Now, area of rectangular grass lawn ABCD 20

180 cm
cm
= 30 m × 20 m = 600 sq m 220 cm
Area of EFGH = {(30 + 4) × (20 + 4)}
= 34 m × 24 m = 816 sq m D C
Therefore,
H G
Area of the path = 816 sq m – 600 sq m = 216 sq m
Sol. Let us represents the square flower bed figure
Note : Area of the remaining park, when two by ABCD and the path around it by the shaded
roads cross each other and are parallel to the portion.
sides of the rectangle.
(i) The area of the enlarged flower bed
In the given figure, ABCD is the rectangular
= Side × Side
park and EFGH and PQRS are the two roads
parallel to the sides of the rectangle and = (180 + 40) (180 + 40)
crossing at the centre.
= 220 × 220

S R = 48400 sq cm [Change sq cm into sq m]

D C
48400 484
=   4.84 sq m
100  100 100
H G
(ii) Now, increase in area of the flower bed
E F = Area of the enlarged flower bed
– Area of the square flower bed
A P Q B = (180 + 40)2 – (180)2
= 220 × 220 – 180 × 180
Such situation give rise to two type of
problems: = 48400 – 32400 = 16000 sq cm
1. To find area of the roads. 16000
= [Change sq cm into sq m]
2. To find area of the remaining park. 100  100

1. Area of the roads 160

= = 1.6 sq m
100
Ex.26 There is a rectangular field of length 94 m and
breadth 32 m. Three roads each of width 2 m
pass through the field such that two roads are
parallel to the breadth and the third is parallel
to the length. Find the area of the field :
(i) Covered by three roads,
(ii) not covered by the roads.
D I L M P C
2m
Q R U X
H G
Ex.27 Through a rectangular field of dimensions
90 m × 60 m, two roads are constructed which
are parallel to the two sides and cut each other
at right angles through the centre of the field. If
the width of each road is 3m, find :
(i) the area covered by the roads.
(ii) the cost of constructing the roads at the rate
of j 110 per sq m.
90 m
A B
M P
E I J F

32 m

60 m
3m
E F
T S V W H L K G

D N O C
A J K N O B
94 m Sol. In figure, ABCD represents the rectangular
field and rectangles EFGH and MNOP
Sol. The figure, gives us the complete picture of the represents the roads.
rectangular field. ABCD is the park in which
IJKL, MNOP and EFGH represents the three (i) Area of roads = Area of MNOP + Area of
cross roads of 2 m wide each and which are EFGH – Area of IJKL
parallel to the sides of the field. = {(60 × 3) + (90 × 3) – (3 × 3)} sq m
(i) Now, area of the field = length × breadth = (180 + 270 – 9) sq m = (450 – 9) sq m
= 94 × 32 = 3008 sq m = 441 sq m
(ii) Area of the road MNOP = (32 × 2) sq m (ii) The cost of constructing the roads at the
= 64 sq m rate of j 110 per sq m

Area of the road IJKL = (32 × 2) sq m = j (441 × 110) = j 48510.

= 64 sq m Ex.28 A rectangular field measuring 40 m by 35 m is

to be surrounded externally by a path which is
Again, area of the road EFGH 3 m wide. Find the cost of grassing the path at
= (94 × 2) sq m = 188 sq m the rate of j 10 per square meter.

Area of two shaded portion QRST and UVWX Sol. Let EFGH be rectangular field, and let ABCD
= (2 × 2) + (2 × 2) = 4 + 4 = 8 sq m be the external boundaries of the Path.
This means total area of the roads A D
3 m Path
= 188 + 64 + 64 – 8 = 188 + 128 – 8 E H
= 188 + 120 = 308 sq m 40 m
Thus, area of the remaining portion of the field 3m
35 m
= Area of the field – Area of the roads
= (3008 – 308) sq m = 2700 sq m F G
Therefore, the area of the field not covered by B C
the roads = 2700 sq m
 Length of EFGH = EH = FG = 40 m
Breadth of EFGH = EF = HG = 35 m
Area of EFGH = 40 × 35 m2 = 1400 m2
In rectangle ABCD,
Length (AD = BC) = 40 + 3 + 3 = 46 m
Breadth (AB = DC) = 35 + 3 + 3 = 41 m
Area of ABCD = 46 × 41 m2
Area of ABCD = 1,886 m2
Area of path = Area of ABCD – Area of EFGH
= 1,886 – 1,400
Area of path = 486 m2
 Cost of grassing 1 m2 = j 10
 Cost of grassing the whole path
= j (10 × 486) = j
 4,860
Ex.29 A rectangular plot is 100 m long and 80 m
broad. It has a 2 m wide path all around inside
the rectangular plot. Find the area of the path
and the cost of leveling it at j 3.70/m2.
100 m
S 10 cm
P
A 2 m Path D
Sol.
80 m
2m
B C
Q R
Let PQRS be a rectangular plot and let ABCD
be the inside boundary of the path.
Then length PS = 100 m
breadth SR = 80 m
Area of plot PQRS = 100 × 80 m2
= 8000 m2
Width of path = 2 m
AD = (100 – 2 – 2)m = (100 – 4)m = 96 m
AB = (80 – 2 – 2)m = (80 – 4)m = 76 m
Area of rectangle ABCD = 96 × 76 m2 = 7296 m2
Area of level path
= Area of PQRS – Area of ABCD
= (8000 – 7296) m2 = 704 m2
Cost of levelling the path = j (3.70 × 704)
= j 2604.80.
Hence, the area of the path is 704 m2 and the
cost of levelling the path is j 2604.80.
Ex.30 Find the following :
(i) In the adjoining figure, PQRS is a
rectangle with sides 8 cm and 6 cm. Find
the area of PQS and QSR.
8 cm
P S
b 6 cm
Q R
(ii) In the adjoining figure, RENT is a square
with side 10 cm. Find the area of triangles
OTR, OTN, ONE and ORE
T N
O
R E
Sol. (i) Clearly, diagonal QS divides the rectangle
PQRS into two triangles PQS and QSR of same
area.
1
So, area of PQS = (Area of rectangle PQRS)
2
1 
=   8  6  cm 2 = 24 cm2
 2 
Also area of QSR = 24 cm2.
(ii) Clearly, four triangles TOR, ROE, NOE and TON,
each of same area, are formed in square RENT.
1
So, area of TOR = (Area of the square)
4
1
= (10 × 10) cm2 = 25 cm2
4
Also, area of ROE = area of NOE
= Area of TON = 25 cm2.
Ex.31 The area of a rhombus is 56 cm2. If its perimeter 8=h
is 56 cm, find its altitude.
h = 8 cm

D a C Hence, the other leg of the right triangle is 8 cm.

Ex.33 Find the area of each of the following triangles.
Sol.
a a A
h A
5c
m

A a B

cm
3 cm

2
3.
Let the side of the rhombus be ‘a’ and altitude be h. C
Perimeter = 4a B C
D B
56 = 4a 4 cm
a = 56 ÷ 4 (i) (ii)
a = 14 cm
Because rhombus is a parallelogram A

Area = Base × Altitude

2 cm
56 = 14 × altitude
56 ÷ 14 = altitude
4 = altitude. B C
E
Hence, the altitude of the rhombus 3 cm
(parallelogram) is 4 cm. (iii)
Ex.32 The area of a right triangle is 100 cm2. If one of
the perpendicular legs is 25 cm, find the length 1
Sol. (i) Area of ABC =  BC  AD
of the other leg. 2
P 1
=  43
2
h
Area of ABC = 6 cm2.
Sol.
R 25 cm Q 1
(ii) Area of ABC =  AC  BD
2
In a right triangle, if one of the legs is the base, 1
=  5  3 .2
the other leg is the altitude. 2
Here, the area of the right triangle = 100 cm2 Area of ABC = 8 cm2.
1 1
Area = × Base × Height (iii) Area of ABC =  BC  AB
2 2
1 1
100 = × 25 × h =  3 2
2 2
100 × 2 = 25 × h Area of ABC = 3 cm2.
100  2
h
25
Ex.34 PQRS is a parallelogram, QM is the height Ex.35 ABC is isosceles with AB = AC = 7.5 cm and
from Q to SR and QN is the height from Q to BC = 9 cm. The height AD from A to BC, is 6
PS. If SR = 12 cm and QM = 7.6 cm, find cm. Find the area of ABC. What will be the
(i) The area of the parallelogram PQRS. height from C to AB?

(ii) QN, if PS = 8 cm.

A
P Q

7.5
cm
Sol. E

cm
7.5

6 cm
7.6 cm
N
8 cm
B D C
9 cm
S M R
1
12 cm Area of ABC = × BC × AD
2
Sol. (i) Area of ||gm = Base × Height 1 
=   9  6  cm2 = 27 cm2
= SR × QM 2 
= 12 × 7.6 cm 1
Also, Area of ABC = × AB × CE
= 91.2 cm .2 2
(ii) Also, Area of ||gm = PS × QN 1
27 = × 7.5 × CE
91.2 = 8 × QN 2

91.2 ÷ 8 = QN 2 × 27 = 7.5 × CE

QN = 11.4 cm. 2  27
= CE
7 .5
540
 CE
75
CE = 7.2 cm.
 IMPORTANT POINTS TO BE REMEMBERED
1. The sum of lengths of all sides of a plane figure or 1
the length of its boundary is called the perimeter 9. Area of triangle = (Area of the parallelogram
2
of the figure. 1
generated from it) = × base × height
2. Perimeter is the distance around a closed figure 2
whereas area is the part of plane occupied by the
closed figure. 10. Standard units of area and their relations are :

3. Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (length + breadth) or 100 mm2 = 1 cm2

P = 2 (l + b) 100 cm2 = 1 dm2
4. Perimeter of square = 4 × side or P = 4 × l 100 dm2 = 1 m2
5. Area of rectangle = Length × Breadth or A = l × b 100 m2 = 1 are
Area A 10000 cm2 = 1 m2
6. Length of rectangle = or l =
Breadth b 100 ares = 1 hectare
Area A 100 hectares = 1 sq km
7. Breadth of rectangle = or b =
Length l
1 hectare = 10000 m2.
8. Area of square = side × side or A = l × l
 EXERCISE # 1

A. Short Answer Type Questions Q.10 Find the missing values in the following table:
S. Base Height Area of the
Q.1 Express in sq cm :
No. parallelogram
(i) 12 sq m (ii) 35 sq m (iii) 15.5 sq m
(i) ….. 5.2 cm 78 sq cm
Q.2 Express in sq mm : (ii) 3.6 cm …… 6.84 sq cm
(i) 34 sq cm (ii) 15 sq cm (iii) 9.5 sq cm (iii) 21.7 cm 13.6 cm ……

Q.3 Express 0.076 sq km in :

Q.11 Find the area of a square each of whose sides
(i) sq cm (ii) sq mm
measures 10.5 cm.
Q.4 Express in sq cm :
Q.12 Find the area of a rectangle whose dimensions
(i) 500 sq mm (ii) 4500 sq mm (iii) 65 sq mm
are :
Q.5 Express in sq m : (i) Length = 14.5 dam, breadth = 18 m
(i) 7500 sq cm (ii) 3800 sq cm (iii) 690 sq cm (ii) Length = 16.8 cm, breadth = 25.5 m.

Q.6 Express in sq km : Q.13 The area of a rectangular field is 6597 m2 and

(i) 7500000 sq m (ii) 430000 sq m its length is 36 m. A boy runs around the field.
(iii) 50000 sq m How much distance will he cover in 10 rounds?

Q.7 The area of a rectangle region is 22.05 acre. If Q.14 The area of a square plot is 6400 m2. Find the
its breadth is 35 meters find its length. length of wire which can go six times along the
boundary of the plot.
Q.8 Find the area of the following parallelograms:
Q.15 The length and breadth of a rectangular piece
cm

(i) (ii)
15 cm
20

of land are in the ratio 5 : 2. If the total cost of

8 cm

7 cm
40 cm fencing it at j 12.5 per meter is j 25000, find
12 cm its length and breadth.

4.4 cm Q.16 The perimeter of a rectangle is 350 m. If the

m

16 cm
m
9c

length of the rectangle is 100 m, find its

18 c

(iii) (iv)
breadth. Also find the area of rectangle.
6 cm 22 cm Q.17 Find the breadth of a rectangular field, if its
area is 1725 sq m and the length is 75 m. Also
cm

find its perimeter.

12 cm

9 cm
cm

(v) (vi)
20

5 cm
7.2

Q.18 The perimeter of a rectangular sheet is 125 cm.

7 cm
Q.9 Find the area, in square metres of the
parallelogram whose base and altitude are as
under :
(i) base = 12 dm, altitude = 100 dm
(ii) base = 124 dm, altitude = 10 dm.
If the breadth is 21.4 cm find its length. Also
find the area.
Q.19 The area of a square park is same as that of a
rectangular park. If the side of the square park
is 64 m and length of the rectangular park is
80 m, find the breadth of the rectangular park.
Q.20 The area of a square and a rectangle are equal. Q.30 Calculate the area of shaded region in the given
If the side of the square is 80 cm and breadth of figure.
the rectangle is 25 cm, find the length of the A F D
rectangle. Also find the perimeter of the

30 cm
rectangle.

Q.21 A wire is in the shape of a rectangle. Its length

is 42.7 m and breadth is 21.8 m. If the same B E C
wire is re-bent in the shape of a square, what 50 cm
will be the measure of each side ? Also find
Q.31 The perimeter of a right triangle is 30 cm. Its
which enclosed more area ?
hypotenuse is 13 cm and base is 5 cm. Find the
Q.22 The perimeter of a rectangle is 170 cm. If the area of the triangle.
breadth of the rectangle is 45 cm, find its Q.32 In the given figure, ABCD is a rectangle with
length. Also find the area of the rectangle. sides 24 cm and 7 cm. Find the area of ABD
and BDC.
Q.23 A door of length 1.32 m and breadth 0.75 m is
A D
on a wall. The length of the wall is 6.5 m and
breadth is 4.2 m. Find the cost of white 7m
washing the wall, if the rate of white washing
the wall is j 20 per sq m. B 24 m C

Q.24 The area of a square plot is 256 sq m. Find the Q.33 Triangle ABC is a right-angled triangle right
length of the wire that can go 4 times round the angle at B and BD perpendicular to AC. If
boundaries of this plot. AB = 8 cm, BC = 15 cm and AC = 17 cm, find
the area of the triangle ABC. Also find the
Q.25 One side of a parallelogram is 20 cm and the length of BD.
corresponding altitude is 15 cm. Find the area
A
of parallelogram.
D 17 cm
Q.26 Area of a parallelogram is 450 cm2 and its
altitude is 20 cm. Find the length of the
corresponding side of the parallelogram.
B 15 cm C
Q.27 One side of a parallelogram is 30 cm and the
Q.34 ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC =
corresponding altitude is 18 cm. Find the length
12.5 cm and BC = 15 cm. The height from A to
of the adjacent side of the parallelogram if the
BC is 7.5 cm i.e. AD is 7.5 cm. Find the area of
height of the altitude to the adjacent side is
ABC. What will be the height from C to AB
20 cm. i.e., CE ?
A
Q.28 Find the area of a triangle whose base is
40 cm and corresponding altitude is 8 cm.
E
12.5 cm 12.5 cm
Q.29 Find the area of a right triangle in which two
sides containing the right angle measure 7.5 cm
160 cm and 75 cm. B C
D
15 cm
Q.35 Find the area of the shaded figure. Q.45 A rectangular field has dimensions of
25 m × 16.4 m. Two paths run parallel to the
2 cm
sides of the rectangle through the centre of the
field. The width of the longer path is 1.7 m and
6 cm that of the shorter path is 2 m. Find :
(i) the area of the paths
(ii) the area of the remaining portion of the
6 cm 6 cm
field.
Q.36 Find the height of a triangle whose area is Q.46 A path 1m wide is built along the border inside
65 sq cm and whose base is 13 cm. a square garden of side 30 m. Find :
Q.37 Find the base of a triangle whose altitude is 10 (i) the area of the path.
cm and area is 0.5 sq m. (ii) the cost of planting grass in the remaining
portion of the garden at the rate of j 2.40
Q.38 Find the base of a triangle whose area is
per sq m.
3.9 sq m and whose height is 260 cm.

Q.39 A field is in the form of a right triangle with

hypotenuse 50 m and one of the perpendicular
sides is 40 m. Find the area of the field.

Q.40 A field is in the form of a triangle. If its area is

2 ha and the lengths of its base is 200 m, then
find its altitude.

Q.41 The base of a triangular field is 540 m and its

height is 230 m. Find the cost of levelling the
field at j 25 per acre.

B. Long Answer Type Questions

Q.42 A sheet of paper measures 30 cm by 20 cm. A

strip of 4 cm wide is cut from it all around.
Find the area of the remaining sheet and also
the area of the cut-out strip.

Q.43 A 3m wide path runs around outside a

rectangular park of dimension 125 m by 65m
(or 125 m × 65 m). Find the area of the path.

Q.44 A verandah 1.25 m wide is constructed all

along the outside of a room 5.5 m long and 4m
wide, find :
(i) the area of the verandah.
(ii) the cost of cementing the floor of the
verandah at the rate of j 25 per sq m.
 ANSWER KEY
1. (i) 120000 sq cm (ii) 350000 sq cm (iii) 155000 sq cm
2. (i) 3400 sq mm (ii) 1500 sq mm (iii) 950 sq mm
3. (i) 760000000 sq cm (ii) 76000000000 sq mm
4. (i) 5 sq cm (ii) 45 sq cm (iii) 0.65 sq cm
5. (i) 0.75 sq m (ii) 38 sq m (iii) 0.06 sq m
6. (i) 7.5 sq km (ii) 0.43 sq km (iii) 0.05 sq km
7. 63 m
8. (i) 84 sq cm (ii) 600 sq cm (iii) 26.4 sq cm (iv) 352 sq cm
(v) 36 sq cm (vi) 180 sq cm
9. (i) 12 sq m (ii) 12.4 sq m
10. (i) 15 cm (ii) 1.9 cm (iii) 295.12 sq cm
2
11. 110.25 cm
12. (i) 2610 m2 (ii) 4.284 m2
13. 4385 m 14. 1920 m
15. 714.2857 m, 285.71429 m 16. 75 m, 7500 m2
17. 23 m, 196 m 18. 41.1 cm, 879.54 sq cm
19. 51.2 m 20. 256 cm, 562 cm
2
21. 32.25 m , square enclosed more area than rectangle
22. 40 cm, 1800 sq cm 23. j 526.20
24. 256 m 25. 300 cm2
26. 22.5 cm 27. 27 cm
28. 160 cm2 29. 6000 cm2
30. 750 cm2 31. 30 cm2
32. 84 cm2 33. 60 sq cm, 7.06 cm
34. CE = 9 cm
35. 24 sq cm
36. 10 cm
37. 1000 cm
38. 300 cm
39. 1000 sq m
40. 200 m
41. j 15525
42. 264 sq cm, 336 sq cm
43. 1176 sq m
44. (i) 30 sq m (ii) j 750
45. (i) 71.9 sq m (ii) 338.1 sq m
46. (i) 116 sq m (ii) j 278.40
 EXERCISE # 2
Q.1 A wire is in the shape of a square whose each (i) the area of ABC
side is 80 m. If the same wire is rebent in the (ii) DB
shape of rectangle, whose length is 120 m, find A
the area of rectangle, also find the cost of
ploughing this rectangular field if cost of
25 c
ploughing the field is j 5/m2. m
10 cm

Q.2 A door of length 5 m and breadth 2 m is fitted D

in a wall. The length of the wall is 6.5 m and
breadth 4.5 m. Find the cost of whitewashing
the wall, if the rate of whitewashing the wall is
j 50 per m2.
Q.3 In the figure given below, ACTS is a square
with side 50 cm. Find the area of AOC,
COT, SOT and AOS.
E B 7 cm C
Q.7 The sides of a rectangular field are in the ratio
3 : 2. If the area of the field is 3456 sq m, find
the cost of fencing the field at j 3.50 per metre.
Q.8 A square of side 6 cm is given. Find how many
squares of side 2 cm are required to cover it.

A S Q.9 Draw a square of side 9 cm. Find how many

squares of side 3 mm are required to cover it.
O
50 cm

Q.10 How many squares of side 5 cm are required to

cover a rectangle measuring 45 m by 25 m?
C T Q.11 How many rectangles of side 3 cm by 2 cm are
Q.4 Find the area of an isosceles triangle whose required to cover a rectangle measuring
perimeter is 32 cm and its base is 12 cm. 1 m by 90 cm ?

Q.5 The two sides of the parallelogram ABCD are Q.12 Find the area of the shaded parts.
12 cm and 8 cm. The height corresponding to (i) (ii)
base CD is 6 cm. Find (i) The area of the ||gm. 4 cm
10 cm
18 cm

(ii) The height corresponding to base AD.

0.4 m 1m 3m
A B 4 cm 0.4 m
10 cm 1m
18 cm 4m
(iii)
8c

6 cm
m

18 cm

7.5 cm
C
D
12 cm 2.5 cm

Q.6 In ABC, AC = 25 cm, BC = 7 cm, AE = 10 cm. 18 cm

Find :
Q.13 ABCD is a parallelogram. CE is the height D C
from C to AB and CF also the height from C to
48 cm
AD. If AB = 12.9 cm and CE = 8.7 cm. Find :
(i) the area of the parallelogram ABCD
F
(ii) CF, if AD = 6.3 cm.
D C
A E B
36 cm
F
Q.20 The legs of a right triangle are in the ratio
8.7 cm 3 : 4 and its area is 1014 sq cm. Find its
hypotenuse.
A E B
12.9 cm Q.21 ABCD is a parallelogram. The height from
B to DC i.e., BE = 8.5 cm. If the area of
Q.14 The height of parallelogram is one-third of the the parallelogram is 204 sq cm then find the
base. If the area is 108 sq cm, find the base and area of the ABD. Also find the AP, if
height. BD = 17 cm.
Q.15 Find the altitude of a parallelogram one of D E C
whose sides is 6.5 cm, the area being 26 sq cm.
P
Q.16 Two sides of a parallelogram are 20 cm and
25 cm. If the altitude corresponding to the sides
of length 25 cm is 10 cm, find the altitude
corresponding to the other pair of sides. A B

Q.17 The base and the corresponding altitude of a Q.22 Find the area of following shaded parts :
parallelogram are 10 cm and 12 cm, 9 cm
(i)
respectively. If the other altitude is 8 cm find
the length of the other pair of parallel sides.
3 cm
Q.18 A floral design on the floor of a building
consists of 2800 tiles. Each tile is in the shape
of a parallelogram of altitude 3 cm and base 2 cm 4 cm
5 cm. Find the cost of polishing the design at
(ii) 3 cm
the rate of 50 paise per sq cm.

Q.19 In the adjoining parallelogram AF and CF are

the altitudes corresponding to sides AB and BC
3 cm
respectively. If the area of the parallelogram is
885.60 sq cm and AB = 36 cm and BC = 48 4 cm 4 cm
cm, find the length of CE and AF.
 8 cm 5 cm Q.24 A 115 m long and 64 m broad lawn has two
crossroads at right angles, one 2 m wide running
(iii) 4 cm 6 cm
parallel to its length, and the other 2.5 m wide,
running parallel to its breadth. Find the cost of
gravelling the roads at j 4.60 per sq m.
6 cm 4 cm
Q.25 A 110 m × 80 m rectangular plot has two
5 cm 8 cm crossroads, each 4 m wide, running through its
9 cm middle, one parallel to the length and the other
D F C
(iv) parallel to the breadth. Find the total expense
involved in cementing the roads at j 15 per sq
10 cm
E m and laying grass in the remaining part at
4 cm j 1.25 per sq m.
A 21cm B
Q.26 The length and breadth of a park are in the ratio
Q.23 A painting is painted on a cardboard 8 cm long 2 : 1 and its perimeter is 240 m. A
and 5 cm wide such that there is a margin of path 2 m wide runs inside it, along its
1.5 cm along each of its side. Find the total area boundary. Find the cost of paving the path at
of the margin. j 3 per sq m.

ANSWER KEY
1. 4800 m2, j 24000 2. j 962.50
3. 625 cm2 4. 48 cm2
5. (i) 72 cm2 (ii) 9 cm
6. (i) 35 cm2 (ii) 2.8 cm
7. j 840 8. 9 squares
9. 900 squares 10. 450000 squares
11. 1500 rectangles
12. (i) 244 sq cm (ii) 10.84 sq m (iii) 305.25 sq cm
13. (i) 112.23 sq cm (ii) CF = 17.8 cm
14. 18 cm, 6 cm 15. 4 cm
16. 12.5 cm 17. 15 cm
18. j 21000 19. CE = 24.6 cm, AF = 18.45 cm
20. 65 cm 21. 102 sq cm, 12 cm
22. (i) 22.5 sq cm (ii) 18 sq m (iii) 68 sq cm (iv) 123 sq cm
23. 30 sq m 24. j 1771


25. j 21230 26. j 1392