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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng.

Dept

Experiment No.( 1 )

Anatomy of D.C. Machines


1.1-Construction:
An electro-mechanical energy converter is a rotating electrical
machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy or
electrical energy into mechanical energy. The two kinds of electro-
mechanical energy converters are: therefore, electric generator and
electric motors. These machines maybe either direct current or alternating
current machines. A D.C. machine has two ports stationary part called
stator and rotary part-called rotor. The most important part of the stator is
the field with its customary laminated steel care and field windings. The
field poles are usually bolted to the field yoke or frame upon which the
whole structure rests. The rotor is built up of a laminated steel sheets
slotted to receive the insulated copper armature windings. The armature
coil ends are soldered to the risers of the commutator segments, carbon-
brushes in the brush holders rest upon the commutator and collect the
current. Spring tension is applied to the brushes so that good uniform
contact is made between them and the commutator segments.
Each one of the field-pole cores is built up of stack of steel lamination
about 0.4 to 0.6 mm thick per lamina on, having good magne c proper es
and riveted together. The entire pole is bolted to the yoke frame, the pole
core beors the field windings:
a- A shunt field in which there are many turns of fine wire.
b- A series field in which there are comparatively few turns of their wire
c- Compound field in which both a shunt and series windings and used.
Fig(1.1) shows the parts of dc machine.
1.2-Interpole's for dc machines:
One of the most important developments in the design of d.c
machines was the use of interpoles to correct the objectionable effects of
armature-reaction and commutation. These are narrow poles placed in the
magnetic neutral are always permanently connected in series with the
armature winding. See fig. ( 1.2 ) and g (1.4)

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

1.3-Compensating windings:
Compensating winding are used for the purpose of neutralizing the
effect of armature-reaction in the zones outside the influence of the
interpoles and particularly to maintain an uniform flux distribution under
the faces of the main poles. They are suitably connected in series with the
armature and interpoles windings. They are located in the slots provided in
the pole-shoes.

1.4-Experimental investigation
1.4.1-Part A:
1- You are given a disassembled four poles d.c machine. Observe the
constructional mentioned above.
2- On each pole two windings are placed. Find out by avometer which
one is series winding and which one is shunt winding.
3- Measure the resistance of both the windings by ammeter-voltmeter
method. Circuit diagram is given in fig. (1.1.b).
4- Now connect all four series or shunt windings in series (fig.1.4.a) and
give dc supply. By a magnetic indicator check the south and north poles. By
a magnetic material check the field effect. Move a coil connected to a
voltmeter inside the machine to see the induction effect.
5- Reverse the current flow in the field windings and see its effect by using
the magnetic pole indicator.
6- Connect all four series windings in series and all four shunt winding in
series in all you have four terminals.
7- Connect the machine as a series machine, shunt machine, separately
excited machine and compound machine either cumulatively connected or
differentially connected (fig.1.4.b&c) machine show the connection for
each machine to your teacher.
1.4.2-Part B:
Go to machine panel No.2. you will nd the symbolic diagram of each field
winding and armature:
1- Repeat point 7 of part A as in g. (1.5 ).

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

2-Connect the given machine as a shunt generator and using the dc shunt
motor as prime moves. Start the set. See the field-flux distribution under a
pole by an oscilloscope. Connect the oscilloscope to the search coil.
1.5-Discussion:
1- Why resistance of series and shunt field windings difference give
reason.
2- Draw the diagram of a pole and winding on the pole, for a certain
current direction show the direction of the flux and the polarity of
the pole. How do you change the direction of flux?
3- How do you connect the interpoles to armature winding? Give
reason.
4- When you move a coil in a magnetic field, voltage is induced in the
coil. Explain the law.

Fig(1.1.a)

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Fig(1.1.b) Fig(1.1.c)

Fig(1.2.a) Fig(1.2.b)

Fig. (1.3)

Fig. (1.4.a)

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Fig. (1.4.b) commutative Fig. (1.4.c) differential

Fig(1.5.a) shunt generator Fig(1.5.b) series generator

Fig(1.5.c) short compound Fig(1.5.d) long compound

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Fig(1.5.e) separately excited generator

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Experiment No.( 2 )

No - Load Characteristics of a D.C. Shunt Generator

2-1- Objective:
To obtain the no load characteristics of a d.c. shunt generator.

2-2- Theory:
The magnetization curve of a generator shows the relationship
between the no-load terminal voltage (which equals to the armature
induced e.m.f) and the field current (that flows in the shunt field circuit).

This curve is obtained by driving the generator at constant speed with its
terminals left open-circuited.

This curve is often called the open circuit characteristics curve (OCC) or
no load curve.

The total induced EMF of the armature is given by:-

E= volt
60 a

Where:-

Z = total number of conductors in the armature.

= useful flux per pole in Weber.

N = speed in rpm.

a = number of parallel paths in the armature windings.

P =number of poles.

For any given machine the terms Z P and a are constants and the EMF
equation can be written as:-

E = Ke.N.

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

With the shunt generator, self excitation takes place as follows:

With the machine runs up to full speed, and the field circuit is opened. The
machine acts as every feeble generator giving about 2% to5% of normal
voltage and this is due to residual magnetic flux of the magnetic poles of
the machine. When the filed circuit is completed the EMF due to the flux
circulates a current around the circuit of the armature and the field.

If the produced flux is in the same direction of residual flux the induced
(EMF) will be increased.

The small induced (EMF) will be applied to field resistance Rf of the filed
winding, and filed current will increase the flux again, causing induced
(EMF) to climb up the OCC. But this increased value of E is again applied to
(Rf) and will increase (If), which in turn increase, (E) some more.

The process continues with climbing up the OCC and (If, V) climbing up
the Rf- line until the two points coincide at the intersection point. We say
that the shunt generator voltage (V) has built up to (V0). Fig. (2.1) Shown
the (OCC) of d.c shunt generator.

The first part of the curve will be linear and the tangent to this curve
represents the critical resistance of the field circuit. The curve starts to
bend when the iron begins to saturate. For a given magnetic flux, the (EMF)
generated varies in direct proportional to the speed of rotation. If the
number of magnetization curves for different speeds be plotted on the
same base and to the same scale, then the ordinates of the various curves
for any particular value of the excitation will vary in direct proportion to
the speed, i.e. the critical resistance varies directly with speed.

If the resistance of the field circuit is kept constant so that it gives rated
voltage, then any reduction of the sped will cause a reduction of the
induced (EMF) and hence flux per pole. This means that there is a certain
speed (critical speed), below which the machine will not excite.

The process of voltage build-up requires the following conditions to


succeed:

1- There must be residual flux to start the process.


2- The flux produced by (If) should aid the residual flux.

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

3- The resistance of the field circuit (Rf) should be small enough to


intersect the (OCC) in the saturation region (Rf < R critical).
4- Proper relation ship between direction of rotation and direction of
flux in the main magnetic poles.
5- The speed should be greater than the critical speed (N > N critical).

2-3- Test procedures:


1- Connect the circuit as shown in fig. (2.2).
2- Run the machine at speed of 1500 r.p.m.
3- The speed must be kept constant through out the test.
4- Take the readings of (If) and (V).
5- Repeat steps (3, 4) for speed of 1700r.p.m.

2-4- Graphs:
Plot the open circuit characteristics for two speeds.

2-5- Discussion:
1- What is the no-load characteristic of d.c. generator?
2- Discuss the saturation (magnetic, no-load) characteristic?
3- In the no-load test of d.c. generators what is the parameter must be
kept constant?
4- What are the conditions foe self-excited d.c. generators or the
conditions for voltage build up?

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Figure. (2.1)

Figure. (2.2)

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Experiment No.( 3 )
Load Characteristics of a D.C Shunt Generator

3-1- Objective:
To obtain the load characteristics of d.c shunt generator.

3-2- Theory:
The principal advantage of d.c shunt generator is that the generator
can be self-excited and this eliminates need for an external source of
excitation.

3-2-1- Build up of the emf:


When an unloaded shunt generator is started the only flux available in the
field is that due to residual magnetism left from previous operation. That is
sufficient to induce a small electromotive force in the armature winding.
The resulting current in the filed coils increases the flux and the field
gradually builds up until a stable output is reached dependent on the
magnetization characteristic curve and field circuit resistance.

The armature may not develop its rated voltage for any of the following
reasons:

1-|Residual magnetism is absent in the poles.

2- The total filed resistance is greater than the critical resistance for
the speed used.

3- The speed is less than the critical speed for the total field resistance
used.

4- Improper connection of the field circuit for the direction of armature


rotation.

5- Brushes improperly used.

6- External load resistance lower than some critical value when the
machine is started on load.

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

7- Direction of rotation of armature is not correct.

3-2-2- Generator under load:


The terminal voltage of the generator drops when the load
current is increase this drop is due to armature reaction and armature
resistance drop.

Because of the drop in voltage the field current is decreased


consequently, hence the flux and the generated emf are reduced.
There by causing further reduction in terminal voltage when the load
resistance drop to such a low value as to shunt the armature current
away from the field windings not only the output voltage but also the
load current will decrease. The characteristics will be then as shown
in g.(3.1).

OC is the emf due to the residual magnetism, OD is the armature


current and OC / OD = armature resistance. The emf OC is absorbed by the
armature voltage drop and armature reaction effect.
3-2-3- Construction of internal characteristic from
external characteristic:
A curve (AB) g.(3.1) is plo ed between the load current and terminal
voltage. This is the external characteristic. Tow straight line (OR) and (OS)
are drawn through the origin to represent the armature and field
resistances respectively. The field current (EF) corresponding to an point
(P) on (AB) is added to the corresponding load current (OG) to give the
armature current (OH)

A perpendicular (HK) , erected to meet (OR) gives the armature voltage


drop, which when added to (PQ = KH) gives a point Q on the internal
characteristic. This construction is performed for a number of points, and
the internal characteristic (AL) is obtained.

Applying KVL on the generator circuit, the terminal voltage of a d.c


generator can be written as:

V= E – ( IR + Vb + E )
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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Where

E =KeN

IR = armature résistance voltage drop.

Vb = brushes voltage drop.

E = voltage reduction due to armature reaction .


Hence PQ = IR + Vb + E

3-3- Test procedures:


1- Connect the circuit diagram shown in Fig. (3.2).
2- Run the generator at its rated speed which is maintained constant
through out the experiment.
3- Adjusted the field regulator until the terminal voltage equals to the
rated voltage of the machine with its terminals open circuited .
4- Load the generator gradually from (0 – 125%) full load current .
5- Record all the instrument reading in each step.
H. G. J

3-4- Graph:-
Plot the external and internal characteristics.

3-5- Discussion:-
1- Why the output voltages drop when the load current is increased?
2- Explain the build up of the emf for d.c shunt generator?
3- What are the reasons made the armature not develop it rated
voltages

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Fig. (3.1)

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Fig. (3.2)

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Experiment No.( 4 )

Load Characteristics of a Separately – Excited D.C Generator

4-1- Objective:
To obtain the load characteristics of separately excited d.c generator.

4-2- Theory:
In a separately excited d.c generator the field winding is connected in
series with a variable resistor (know as a field regulator).and an ammeter
to a separate d.c source such as battery or d.c generator. There fore the
field current is independent of the machine it self and is unaffected by the
load change. The generator is driven at rated speed and is kept constant.
There fore the armature voltage tends to remain steady as the load
changes. Armature reaction and Ia Ra drops in the armature cause the
voltage to drop as the load current increases. For rough calculation to
obtain the internal characteristic; armature reaction drop is neglected and
the equation become

E = V + IaRa

In other word, the internal characteristic is obtain from the IaRa ordinates
in the external characteristic curve.

A curve AB in g (4.1) is plo ed between the load current and the terminal
voltage in the external characteristic.

A straight line OC is drawn through the curve to represent the armature


resistance drop and ordinates of OC are added to those AB ( PQ = DE ) to
give the internal characteristic AF .

4-3- Test procedures:


1 – Connected the circuit diagram as shown in g. (4.2)

2 – Run the machine at rated speed and keep it constant throughout the
experiment.

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

3 – The field regulator is adjusted until the terminal voltage equals the
rated voltage.

4 – The machine is gradually loaded from (0 – 125%) full load current.

5 – Record all the instruments.

4-4- Graph:
Plot the external and internal characteristics.

4-5- Discussion:
1 – Why did the field current of this generator un affected by the load
change?

2 – How can we obtained the internal characteristics from the external


characteristics?

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Fig. (4.1)

Fig. (4.2)

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Experiment No. ( 5 )

Load Characteristics of a D.C Series Generator

5-1- Objective:
To obtain the load characteristics of d.c series excited generator.

5-2-Theory:
The machine can not produce any voltage when it is disconnected from the
load except that generated due to residual magnetism in the pole pieces.
Consequently at no load the voltage of a series generator approximately
zero as against the shunt generator in which the voltage is at a maximum
value at no load. Both the armature and the series field carry the same
load current so the voltage increases with the load current. Without the
effect of armature – reaction the emf characteristic would be similar to the
magnetization curve. Armature reaction effect and the IL (Rf+Ra) drop both
reduce the terminal voltage. The net result is generally rising characteristic
like that shown in curve AC in g .(5.1) but if satura on is approached the
characteristics are drop and the extern becomes nearly vertical . Neglecting
the armature reaction effect, the output voltage.

V = E – IL (Ra + Rf) = IL RL
Where: V = open circuit voltage
IL = load current
Rf = series field resistance
Ra = armature and interpole resistance
RL = load resistance
Internal characteristics (curve AE) is obtained by adding ordinates of
(Ra + Rf) IL to external (curve AC). The magnetization characteristic is
represented by (curve AB). See fig.(5.1).

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

H. G. J

5-3-Test procedures:
1- Connect the circuit diagram shown in g .(5.2)

2- Run the machine at rated speed and record the no load voltage . The
speed is maintained constant.

3- Reduced the load resistance RL gradually this increase IL load current


until this current reach about 20 % over it rated

4- Record all the instrument reading at each step .

5-4-Graph:

Plot the internal and external characteristics .

5-5-Discussion:
1- Compared between d.c shunt and series generator for their internal and
external characteristics.

2- What is the critical field resistance for this generator?

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Fig. (5.1)

Fig. (5.2)

Fig. (5.3)

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Experiment No.( 6 )

Load Characteristics of a Compound Generator

6-1-Objective:
To obtain the load characteristics of d.c compound generator.

6-2-Theory:
The characteristics of a compound generator are a combination of the
shunt and series characteristics. The shunt generator has a drooping
characteristic of output voltage generator has a rising characteristic (for
small value of load current). However there are two possibilities,
depending upon the method of connecting the series field relative to the
shunt field in one connection, the series field assists the shunt field and is
known as commutative connection, the other, series field opposes the
shunt field and is known as differential connection. The compound
generator that develops the same voltage at full load as at no load (for the
same speed) is said to be flat or level compound fig (6.1). Under compound
gives full-load voltage less than the no-load value while over compound
causes the full-load voltage to exceed that at no-load. Proper amount of
compounding requires proper number of turns in the series winding.
Usually a diverter is used across the series field through which any degree
of over-compound may be obtained up to the maximum by increasing the
resistances of the diverter compound generators are either short-shunted
and long-shunted. Since the shunt field current is only a very small
percentage of the total load of the machine. It is evident that it makes little
difference which connection is used, the choice being more a matter of
convenience than any thing else.
6-3-Procedure:
1- The compound generator and DC shunt motor coupled to the shaft
of the generator are connected according to fig (6.2). Switches S 1
and S2 are open with the series field connected to assist the shunt
field, the generator is run up to normal and its voltage is adjusted
to the rated voltage by means of a shunt field regulator and kept
unaltered. The speed is maintained constant. Switch S1 is closed
and the generator is loaded gradually up to 20% overload readings
of the voltage and load current are noted.
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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

2- Repeat (1) with switch S2 closed and diverter placed in minimum


point.
3- Repeat (1) with switch S2 closed and the diverter placed in mid
point.
4- Repeat (1) with switch S2 open and the series field reversed.
6-4-Conclusions and graphics:
1- Draw the external characteristics on the same graph paper.
2- Explain and discuss the shapes of all curves and the differences that
exist between them.
3- Comment on the possible industrial application of the over, level,
under and differential compound generator.
4- What are the basic differences, if any between under and
differential compound generator?
H. G. J

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Fig. (6.1)

Fig. (6.2)

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Experiment No.( 7 )

Characteristics and Speed Control of Shunt Excited Motor

7-1-Object:
In this experiment a survey of the main characteristics and control of dc
shunt motor is made. Due to particular feature of these motors, a study of
the speed control is very important or useful.

7-2-Theory:
A dc shunt motor consists of two parts, armature and the main field
poles. The circuits of these two parts are connected in parallel and supplied
from a common dc source. Resistances are connected in series with both
circuits to provide for the necessary speed control.

Excluding the effect of armature reaction and resistance drop, the main
two variables in speed control are the supply voltage and the flux. Speed
can be calculated from the following equation:

Va IaRa
N
K

Where

N = the speed

Va = the armature voltage

Ia Ra= armature resistance drop

K=constant

=flux

It is clear that speed varies directly with (Va) and inversely with flux or
field current.

Therefore if speeds above rated speed are desired, field control would be
suitable and for speed below rated speed the armature control is used.

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

7-3-Procedure:
The circuit diagram is connected as shown in g.(7.1). The motor is started
insuring that the starting resistance is maximum and the field resistance is
minimum.

7.3. -A-
Starting from the rated speed, the motor is loaded by means of the
coupled dc generator and readings of speed N, armature current Ia and
torque T are noted. The torque readings are taken at each load by
balancing the lever arm of the torque measuring unit by putting the
weights.
H. G. J

Through out the test the field current of the motor is kept constant at the
value Ifo needed to run the machine on no-load rated speed, IL and Vt are
noted.

7.3. -B-
Adjust the load of the machine so that Ia is kept constant a (4 A). The
eld resistance is varied and speeds up to 1800 rpm are obtained. For each
variation of field resistance readings of speed N, torque T and If are noted.

7.4-Results:
2 NT
Watts Wo = Power output =
60

Where T = torque [N.m] = (9.81) (weight in Kg) ( L in meter)

WI=input power = (Vt) (Iin) =Vt (Ia+If) = [w]

Wo
Efficiency= =
Wi

1-plot N against T for test (A)

2-plot Ia and efficiency against output power for test (A)


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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

3-plot N and T against If for test (B)

7.5-Conclusions:
1-Comment on the curves obtained in view of the theoretical performance.

2- Discuss the effect of a possible break (open circuit) in the shunt field
circuit while the motor is running.

3- Mention some of the practical applications of the shunt motor in view of


its characteristics and give reasons for that.

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

Shunt excited DC motor

Fig.(7.1)

30
Experiment No.( 8 )
Swinburne's Test
8.1-Objective:
Determination of no- load losses and estimation of efficiency of a d.c shunt
machine by indirect methods.

8.2-Theory:
The losses during no load conditions of a d.c shunt machine will be iron loss,
friction and wind age loss, field copper loss. If those losses are measured during no.
load condition, then efficiency of a d.c shunt machine either as a generator or as a
motor no. load losses can be measured by a Swinburne's test in this test the given
d.c shunt machine is driven as a motor. The method cannot be used in the case of a
d.c series motor.
The given shunt machine is run on no. load as D.c shunt motor and the input
current, shunt field current and applied voltage are noted. (See Fig.8.1). The
resistance of armature (Ra) cold= Ra1 and the resistance of the shunt field (R
shunt=R sh1) are measured by ammeter and volt. Meter at the ambient temperature.
(Ra hot= Ra2) and (Rsh hot=Rsh2) are calculated for an assumed temperature rise
of (750 c ) during loaded condition (t2=t1+75c ) by using the formula
Ra2=Ra1 (1+75 t1) ………………………………… 1
Rsh2=Rsh1 (1+75 t1) ………………………………. 2
Where ( ) is the coefficient of increase of resistance with temperature,
t1 is ambient temp.

t1= 0 / (1+ 0 t1) ……………………………….. 3


t2= 0 / (1+ 0 t1) ………………………………… 4
0=0.00427 for pure copper

Estimation of :-
Let the measured values be:

V = applied voltage
September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

I = no- load line current

If= field current

Ra1= armature resistance at ambient temperature then Ia= (I -If)= armature


current armature copper loss at temperature t1= V² / Rsh1

= If² Rsh1

Then stray losses

P stray = Iron loss+ Friction loss

= V I - (Ia² * Ra 1+ Is²h * Rsh1)

P constant= constant losses

= stray losses + shunt copper loss at temperature t2

P constant = P stray + V² / Rsh2

From the cold resistance of the armature, copper loss I2 x Ra1 is calculated and
from the cold resistance of the shunt field, copper loss r2/Rsh1 is calculated the
sum of these two losses deducted from the input power V I gives the friction and
iron losses i.e. the stray losses.

If now the calculated field copper loss v2/Rsh2 using the hot temperature is added
to the stray losses. The result will be constant losses Pc.

1) Efficiency ( ) as d.c shunt motor :

Let the line current on load be (I) then

Ia= I – IshF = I – V /Rsh2

Pcu 2=armature copper loss at the given

Load current = Ia 2 *Ra2

Input power = v*I

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

The Efficiency ( ) = {1-(Pcu2 + Pconst.) / V*I} * 100%

2) Efficiency as d.c shunt motor:

Let the load current be (I) then Ia = I + IshF = I + V / Rsh2

Armature copper loss at the given

Load current = pcu2 = Ia2 x Ra2

Output power = V * I

Efficiency ( ) = V*I / (V*I+Pcu2 + Pconst.) x 100%

8.3-Test procedures:
1-Connect the machine as in the fig. (8.1). Start the machine as shunt motor with
full start resistance in circuit, gradually reduce the starter resistance and adjust
the rated speed by record input current (I) field current (I shf) and supply
Voltage (Va).
2-Stop the machine by opening the D.C main supply switch.
3-Measure (Rat1), the resistance of armature at room temperature (t1) by
ammeter-voltmeter method.

8.4-Graph:
Plot the efficiency Vs percentage load current for cases motor and
generator operation.

8.5-Discussion:
1-Comment on the curves option.
2-Note when the maximum efficiency occurs.
3- Is this method applicable for testing a series machine? If not
why?
4- What are the advantages and disadvantages of Swinburne's test?
5- Find out the condition of maximum efficiency by mathematical
derivation.

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

S1 Starter

S2
Ia A
If A
Z
DC Su p pl y

Shunt N,T
field M
V Wdg

ZZ H

Rf
HH

Fig (1)
Swinburne test circuit diagram

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September 14 2014 Lab. of DC Electrical Machines Electromechanical Eng. Dept

N(rpm)

Without field

N1

With field

G D F C B T(s)

FIG.(8.2 )

[5]

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