5.

0 DESIGN CALCULATIONS

Load Data
Reference Drawing No. 2-87-010-80926 Foundation loading for steel chimney
1-00-281-53214 Boiler foundation plan
sketch : Figure 1
Quantity Unit
Dia of Stack , d 6.00 m
Dia. of Raft , D 13.00 m
Area of Raft , A = 3.14 xDxD/4 132.67 m^2
Section Modulus , z = 3.14xDxDxD/32 215.58 m^3

Height of soil above Raft , h 4.00 m

Thickness of the Raft, t 2.00 m
Height of pedestal , h1 4.50 m
Thickness of pedestal t1 1.00 m

Load from chimney

Mimimun Dead Load , W1 170.00 ton
Maximun Dead Load and Live Load , W2 320.00 ton
Wind Load
Shear due to wind on main stack , H1 125.00 ton
Moment due to wind on main stack , M1 5450.00 ton-m
Hence Addition Moment due to shear at founding level ,
M2 = H1 x (h1+t) 812.50 ton-m
Load from Boiler Foundation
Dead Load and live(HRSG Foundation)
Dead Load + Live Load + Vertical wind Load , W3 = 79.9+26.8+34 140.70 ton
Hence moment , M3 = W3 x a 717.57 ton-m
where 'a' = 5.1 , distance from center line of the stack to central line of HRSG pedestal
Wind shear and Thermal Shear = 6.5+16 22.50
Additional Moment , M4 = (6.5+16)xb 78.75 ton-m
where 'b' = 3.5 , distance from the founding level of HRSG to top of HRSG Pedestal
Net Safe Bearing Pressure = S.B.C. 50.00 ton/m^2
Gross Bearing Pressure (DL+LL) = S.B.C. + (1.8x(h+t)) 60.80 ton/m^2
Gross Bearing Pressure (in DL+LL+WL) = S.B.C. + (1.8x(h+t)) 60.80 ton/m^2
No increase in stresses as chimney is a critical structure

Weight of pedestal , W5 = 3.14xdxt1xh1 211.95 ton

Weight of soil above the raft , W6
= ((3.14x(D^2) /4)-(Area of pedestal)) Xhx unit wt of soil 819.54 ton
=(3.14x13^2/4-(3.14x6x1))x4x1.8
Weight of raft , W7
=3.14xD^2/4 x H X uint wt of concrete 663.33 ton
Wself = W5+W6+W7 1694.82 ton

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Case 1 : Check for Bearing Pressure in Pure Dead Load Live load
Total Axial Weight (gross)
Wg = W2+W3+Wself 2155.52 ton

Total Moment =
Mg1 = M2 717.57 ton-m

Maximum Base Pressure , q1 = Wg/A + Mg1/z 19.58 ton/m^2< 50 ok

Minimum Base Pressure , q2 = Wg/A-Mg1/z 12.92 ton/m^2 > 0 Ok

Case 2 : Check for Bearing Pressure in Dead Load+Live Load+Wind Load

Total Gross Weight

Wg = W2+W3+Wself 2155.52 ton

Total Moment =
Mg2 = M1+M2+M3+M4 7058.82 ton-m

Maximum Base Pressure , q3 = Wg/A + Mg2/z 48.99 ton/m^2 <60.8 OK

Minimum Base Pressure , q4 = Wg/A-Mg2/z -16.50 ton/m^2

Modified Base Pressure

e = Mg2 / Wg 3.27 m
e/ D = 3.28 / 13 = 0.25
Crossponding to e/D , C2 = 3.55 (refer Mark Fintel , Fig 5-14)
q5 = Wg / A 16.25 ton/m^2
Modified Base Pressure , qp = C2xq5 57.68 <60.8 ton/m^2 ok

Check for overturning :

Vertical load V = W1 + Wself 1864.82 ton

lever arm = D/2 6.50
Moment of Rsistance , MR = 0.9x(V)xD/2 10909.17
Overturning Moment , MO = Mg2 7058.82
Factor of safety F.O.S. 1.55 <1.5
Check for sliding ( µ = 0.5)
sliding =(V)xµ/ Η1 7.46 <1.5

Analysis and Design of Raft:

Case A : Full Raft with axial laod condition

For Bending Moment Calculation in raft , Selfweight and weight above soil not considered

Axial load without soil and weight of raft 460.70 ton

4607.00 Kn
p=P/A 34.73 Kn/m^2
a= 6.5
β =(c/c of chimney rad,r)/(radius of raft,a) =3/6.5 0.46

Refer table 6.9 , Tall chimneys by S.N. Manohar

Y2 =-2.52-(8Xln β)-(2.96xβxβ) 3.13
Y3 = Y4 0.00
Y6 =5.48-2.96xβxβ 4.74
Y8 -8.00
Y7 =-8XβXβ -1.70

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 Moment calcluation due to axial laod.

r f Mr Mt Qr Qt
m - Kn-m Kn-m Kn Kn
1 0.15 -171.81 -168.12 -17.36 0.00 f<b
2 0.31 -192.32 -177.56 -34.73 0.00 f<b
3 0.46 -215.79 -193.29 -52.09 0.00 f<b
4 0.62 -74.09 -151.46 113.95 0.00 f>b
5 0.77 -9.93 -117.23 59.90 0.00 f>b
6.5 1.00 5.72 -83.76 0.00 0.00 f>b

Case B : Full Raft with Moment laod condition

Y2 =3/β^2-5.46-0.81β^2 8.45
Y3 = Y4 0.00
Y6 =-5.46-0.81xβxβ -5.63
Y8 12.00
Y7 =3XβXβ 0.64
Refer : Tall chimney by S.N.Manohar TABLE 6.10
Moment calcluation due to Moment laod.
When θ is 0 cos 0 = 1 Sin 0 = 0.00
Qtor=1.6
r f Mr Mt Mtor Qr Qt xMtor/b
m - Kn-m Kn-m Kn-m Kn Kn Kn
1 0.15 -595.57 -273.50 0.00 -768.30 0.00 0.00 f<b
2 0.31 -1223.56 -558.02 0.00 -824.98 0.00 0.00 f<b
3 0.46 -1916.42 -864.57 0.00 -919.43 0.00 0.00 f<b
4 0.62 -724.16 -673.16 0.00 899.76 0.00 0.00 f>b
5 0.77 -173.43 -444.88 0.00 476.84 0.00 0.00 f>b
6.5 1.00 -0.10 -243.48 0.00 -32.59 0.00 0.00 f>b

q=M/Z 327.43 Kn/m^2

Total (max at f=β ) Radial Moment Mr -2132.20 Kn-m

Total (max at f=β ) Tengantial Moment Mt -1057.87 Kn-m

When θ is 45 cos 45 = 0.707 sin 45 = 0.71

Qtor=1.6
r f Mr Mt Mtor Qr Qt xMtor/b
m - Kn-m Kn-m Kn-m Kn Kn Kn
1 0.15 -421.07 -193.36 -113.22 -543.19 525.38 181.15 f<b
2 0.31 -865.06 -394.52 -230.23 -583.26 512.03 368.36 f<b
3 0.46 -1354.91 -611.25 -354.80 -650.04 489.77 567.68 f<b
4 0.62 -511.98 -475.92 -347.07 636.13 72.30 555.31 f>b
5 0.77 -122.62 -314.53 -257.51 337.13 -146.57 412.02 f>b
6.5 1.00 -0.07 -172.14 -149.68 -23.04 -353.14 239.49 f>b

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 When θ is 90 cos 90 = 0 sin 90 = 1.00
Qtor=1.6
r f Mr Mt Mtor Qr Qt xMtor/b
m - Kn-m Kn-m Kn-m Kn Kn Kn
1 0.15 0.00 0.00 -160.14 0.00 743.12 256.23 f<b
2 0.31 0.00 0.00 -325.64 0.00 724.23 521.02 f<b
3 0.46 0.00 0.00 -501.84 0.00 692.74 802.94 f<b
4 0.62 0.00 0.00 -490.90 0.00 102.27 785.44 f>b
5 0.77 0.00 0.00 -364.23 0.00 -207.31 582.77 f>b
6.5 1.00 0.00 0.00 -211.71 0.00 -499.49 338.74 f>b

Summery at different angle

When θ is 0
r f Mr Mt Qr Qt
m - Kn-m Kn-m Kn Kn
1 0.15 767.37 441.62 785.67 0.00
2 0.31 1415.88 735.57 859.70 0.00
3 0.46 2132.20 1057.87 971.52 0.00
4 0.62 798.25 824.62 1013.70 0.00
5 0.77 183.36 562.11 536.74 0.00
6.5 1.00 5.82 327.24 32.59 0.00
When θ is 45
r f Mr Mt Qr Qt
m - Kn-m Kn-m Kn Kn
1 0.15 706.09 474.70 741.71 706.54
2 0.31 1287.60 802.30 986.35 880.39
3 0.46 1925.49 1008.00 1269.80 1057.45
4 0.62 933.14 974.45 1305.38 627.61
5 0.77 390.06 689.27 809.05 558.59
6.5 1.00 155.47 405.58 262.52 592.63

When θ is 90
r f Mr Mt Qr Qt
m - Kn-m Kn-m Kn Kn
1 0.15 331.95 328.26 273.59 999.35
2 0.31 517.95 503.19 555.75 1245.25
3 0.46 717.62 695.13 855.03 1495.68
4 0.62 564.99 642.36 899.39 887.71
5 0.77 374.16 481.46 642.68 790.08
6.5 1.00 217.43 295.47 338.74 838.23

Sample calculation
Grade of concrete = M25 Grade Of steel = Fe415
Design Moment and Reinforcment Calculation
Dia of bar to be used = 25
r Mr Mu/bd^2 pt min pt ast spacing Provided
m Kn-m SP-16 (TABLE 1) mm^2 required
1 767.374 0.318853 0.09 0.12 2280 215.19 200
2 1415.881 0.588316 0.17 0.12 3230 151.90 200
3 2132.205 0.885958 0.25 0.12 4750 103.29 100
4 798.2542 0.331685 0.09 0.12 2280 215.19 200
5 183.3625 0.076189 0.09 0.12 2280 215.19 200
6.5 5.817362 0.002417 0.09 0.12 2280 215.19 200

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Reinforcment Due to Radial Moment (max at f= 0.5)
Mr 2132.20 Kn-m
Factored Moment 3198.31 Kn-m
Depth of Raft D 2000.00 mm
Effective Depth d 1900.00 mm
Mu/bd2 0.89
For the Mu/bd2 and fck pt 0.23
Using SP-16 (table-1) Pt Min 0.12
Ast = ptxbxd 4370.00 mm^2
Dia of bar to be used 25.00
Spacing required 112.27 mm

Provide 25 mm dia bars @ 100 mm C/C

Reinforcment Due to Radial Moment (at f = 0.67)

Mr 798.25 Kn-m
Factored Moment 1197.38 Kn-m
Depth of Raft D 2000.00 mm
Effective Depth d 1900.00 mm
Mu/bd2 0.33
For the Mu/bd2 and fck pt 0.09
Using SP-16 Pt Min 0.12
Ast = ptxbxd 2280.00 mm^2
Dia of bar to be used 25.00
Spacing required 215.19 mm

Provide 25 mm dia bars @ 200 mm C/C

Design Moment and Reinforcment Calculation

Dia of bar to be used = 25
r Mt Mu/bd^2 pt min pt ast spacing Provided
m Kn-m SP-16 (TABLE 1) mm^2 required
1 441.6152 0.183497 0.1 0.12 2280 215.19 200
2 735.575 0.305641 0.1 0.12 2280 215.19 200
3 1057.868 0.439557 0.12 0.12 2280 215.19 200
4 824.6215 0.34264 0.1 0.12 2280 215.19 200
5 562.1095 0.233564 0.1 0.12 2280 215.19 200
6.5 327.2372 0.135971 0.1 0.12 2280 215.19 200

Reinforcment Due to (Max) Tangential Moment

Mt 1057.87 Kn-m
Factored Moment 1586.80 Kn-m
Depth of Raft D 2000.00 mm
Effective Depth d 1900.00 mm
Mu/bd2 0.44
For the Mu/bd2 and fck pt 0.09

Using SP-16 Pt Min 0.12

Ast = ptxbxd 2280.00 mm^2
Dia of bar to be used 25.00
Spacing required 215.19 mm

Provide 25 mm dia bars @ 200 mm C/C

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Check for One–Way Shear ::

Shear Force (max at d at any angle ) , 1000.00 KN per m length

Factored shear force , Vu 1500 KN per m length
Calculated Shear Stress 0.789 N/mm2
Min % Of Steel provide 0.258
Shear strength of conc. 0.42 N/mm2
Enhancement of shear strength ,2xdxTc/av 0.840 As per clause 40.5.1 Of IS-456
Hence Safe
Check for Two-Way Shear ::

Max. vertical load on Raft = W2 + W3 460.70 KN

Shear Sress 0.363711 N/mm2

.tc 0.25 X fck N/mm2

Permissible stress 1.25 N/mm2

ok

Design of Pedestal

Mg2 70588.2 Kn-m

Wg 21555.15 kn
e = M/W 3.2747719 m
r 7 m
e/r 0.467825
β 0
µ 0
value of φ 150 ο from chart 7.1
value of C
Assume % of reinforcment 3%
Fc= (CW)/ ( r t (1-p)) 0.84 N/mm^2
<0.38xfck 9.5 ok
Fs = (SxmxW)/(r t (1-p)
S = C ((cos F) + cos m))/((cos b) - cos f)) 0.0244

Maximum steel stress , Fs 0.64 N/mm^2

<0.57fy 236.55 ok

Provide 20 mm dia bars @ 150 mm C/C

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