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Volvo Buses
Control Unit, VECU (Vehicle Electronical Control Unit)
Issue 2
P
Preface
The description and instructions in this manual are based on design and method
studies placed until July 2000
The products are under continues development. Vehicles and components pro-
duced after the above date may therefore have different specifications and meth-
ods. When this is judged to have significant bearing on this manual, updates will
be made to cover changes.
The following levels of observation, caution and warning are used in this docu-
mentation:
Table of contents
Abbreviations ......................................................................................... 4
1.0 Vehicle Electronical Control Unit, VECU .............................................5
1.1 General, control unit ........................................................................................5
1.2 VECU functions ...............................................................................................6
1.3 Block diagram for VECU ................................................................................8
1.4 General, tests ....................................................................................................9
1.5 Software ...........................................................................................................9
2.0 Tests ......................................................................................................10
2.1 General, test performance ..............................................................................10
2.2 Read faultcodes ..............................................................................................11
2.3 Reset faultcodes .............................................................................................12
2.4 Test of key switch with or without preheating ...............................................13
2.5 Test of startbutton with preheat or without ....................................................14
2.6 Test of EOL (End Of Line) ............................................................................15
2.7 Test, voltage of battery ...................................................................................16
2.8 Test of cruise control ......................................................................................17
2.9 Test of windshield wipers and washer ...........................................................18
2.10 Test of windshield wiper interval ...................................................................19
2.11 Test of vehicle speed sensor ...........................................................................21
2.12 Test of accelerator pedal ................................................................................22
2.13 Test of parking brake switch ..........................................................................23
2.14 Retarder lever .................................................................................................24
2.15 Brake pressure switch ....................................................................................26
2.16 Brake pedal switch .........................................................................................27
2.17 Clutch pedal switch ........................................................................................28
2.18 Brake light, retarder .......................................................................................29
2.19 Status Microswitch Clutch, Test ....................................................................30
2.20 Status Microswitch Brake, Test .....................................................................31
Abbreviations
The abbreviations used in this manual are explained in the table below:
Abbreviation Description
CC Cruise Control
EBR Engine Brake
EECU Engine Electronic Control Unit
EOL End Of Line
EPG Exhaust Power Gate
FMI Failure Mode Identifier
IS Idle Switch
MID Message Identification Description
VEB Volvo Engine Brake
VECU Vehicle Electronical Control Unit
VISP Vehicle Inspection by System Parameters
IVS1 Idle Valve Switch 1
The main function of the VECU is to gather data from the different driver con-
trols inside the bus, and send them on to the other control units in the system,
mainly to the EECU. VECU also has some built-in functions, that used to be
handled by the combination relay.
The vehicle control unit is connected to both the control link (SAE J1939) and
the information link (SAE J1587).
14XX001
Figure 1. The picture displays where the different control units may be mounted. Depending on
model and variant of the bus, the location of the control units may differ.
14XX002
The supply voltage for the sensor on the gearbox comes from the instrument
cluster. The signal (vehicle speed) is sent from the sensor via a separate con-
nection to the VECU wich forwards the message to both data links. The
speedometer then receives the signal from the information link.
• Increased idling speed
This function can be controlled by VECU.
• Key switch/start button
VECU controls the function of the key switch/start button for the EECU, and
the preheating function.
• Engine and exhaust brake
VECU controls the exhaust brake and the engine brake.
• Windshield wiper
VECU controls the interval- and wiper function during wash of the wind-
shield.
• Hand retarder
Auxiliary brake system, controlled by a five function control switch at a spe-
cial lever.
• Foot retarder (and brake pedal control)
Auxiliary brake system controlled by a potentionmeter built into the brake
pedal. By setting the brake pedal control switch, the function is disabled.
• Engine torque limit 1
A digital input used to create an engine torque reduction message. Used in
articulated applications.
• Engine torque limit 2
A digital input used to create an engine torque reduction message. Used in
articulated applications.
• Engine speed limit
A digital input used to create a message to the engine regarding speedlimit.
Used in articulated applications to get idle speed in certain conditions.
14XX003
Figure 4. The figure shows the block diagram for 24 V supply voltage.
In the texts for operator, timeout and evaluation, you are able to see which con-
nection is being tested.
Example:
CC: SET+ SIGNAL IS LOW, VECUPA2
Explanation: In this test, the signal on connection PA2 (cruise control SET+)
is too low.
Probable cause: An open circuit.
1.5 Software
The software used for testing the control unit is VISP (Vehicle Inspection by
System Parameters).
2.0 Tests
In the description of each test, the phrase “instructions shown on the screen”
means that the operator receives instructions from the VISP-program on the
computer screen.
14XX007
Figure 5. The picture shows the computer screen information.
When the ECU resets error codes, it only resets them from the RAM-memory. If
the error codes are to be reset permanently, the non-volatile memory must be
reset. This will be done when the key switch is turned off. The reset will take a
few seconds.
Note! If the main power switch is turned off before the key switch, the error
codes will still be in the non-volatile memory. Therefore the operator needs to
turn off the keyswitch for a few seconds (after error codes have been reset)
before the main power is turned off.
If the bus is equipped with preheating, the operator receives three instructions
on the screen. The first is to turn the key switch to preheat position and hold it
there. The second instruction asks the operator to turn the key to start position
and hold it there. Finally the operator is asked to release the key and the test is
done.
If the bus is not equipped with preheating the first step, turn key to preheat, is
left out.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• Key switch preheat signal is low, VECUPA7
Explanation: The signal from connection PA7 (key switch at preheat posi-
tion) is too low.
Probable cause: An open circuit.
• Key switch start signal is low, VECUPA6
Explanation: The signal from connection PA6 (key switch at start position) is
too low.
Probable cause: An open circuit.
• Key switch start or preheat signal is high, VECUPA6, VECUPA7
Explanation: One of the signals from connection PA6 or PA7 (key switch
preheat or start position) is too high.
Probable cause: Defective switch.
If the bus is equipped with preheat, the operator receives three instructions on
the screen. The first is to turn the feed switch to position C and hold it in place.
The second instruction asks the operator to push the start button and hold it in
place. Finally the operator is asked to release the button and the test is done.
If the bus is not equipped with preheating the first step, turn key to preheat, is
left out.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• Preheat signal is low, VECUPA7
Explanation: The signal on connection PA7 (preheating signal) is low.
Probable cause: A defective switch.
• Start signal is low, VECUPA6
Explanation: The signal on connection PA6 (start signal) is low.
Probable cause: A defective switch.
• Preheat or startsignal is high, VECUPA6, VECUPA7
Explanation: The signal on connection PA6 or PA7 (preheat or startsignal) is
high.
Probable cause: A defective switch.
The program checks that the EOL connection is not connected to battery volt-
age. The operator does not have to do anything during this test.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• Battery voltage is lower than 20 V, VECUPA13, VECUPA12
Explanation: The battery voltage is lower than 20 V, which is the lowest volt-
age limit.
Probable cause: The battery is not giving a correct supply voltage or the con-
trol unit is defective. If there is something wrong with the control unit it may
interpret the supply voltage as incorrect.
• Battery voltage is higher than 30 V, VECUPA13, VECUPA12
Explanation: The battery voltage is higher than 30 V which is the highest
voltage limit.
Probable cause: The battery is not giving a correct supply voltage or the con-
trol unit is defective. If there is something wrong with the control unit it may
interpret the supply voltage as incorrect.
The operator receives four instructions on the screen. The first instruction is to
press the button SET+. The second instruction is to press the button SET-. The
third one tells the operator to press Resume. Finally the operator shall turn off
the cruise control.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• CC: set+ signal is low, VECUPA2
Explanation: The signal on connection PA2 (cruise control SET+) is too low.
Probable cause: An open circuit.
• CC: set- signal is low, VECUPA1
Explanation: The signal on connection PA1 (cruise control SET-) is too low.
Probable cause: An open circuit.
• CC: Resume or on/off signal is low, VECUPA30, VECUPA3
Explanation: The signal on connection PA30 or PA3 (cruise control
RESUME or ON/OFF) is too low.
Probable cause: The error may be caused by an open circuit.
• CC: Resume or on/off signal is high, VECUPA30, VECUPA3
Explanation: The signal on connection PA30 or PA3 (cruise control
RESUME or ON/OFF) is too high.
Probable cause: A defective switch or short circuit to voltage.
14XX005
The operator receives instructions on the screen to pull the lever Wash/Wipe.
The lever shall be held in position until the operator receives instructions to
release it.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out occures during the test:
• Wash & wipe signal is low, VECUPA11
Explanation: The signal on connection PA11 (windshield wipers and washer)
is too low.
Probable cause: An open circuit.
• Wash & wipe signal is high, VECUPA11
Explanation: The signal on connection PA11 (windshield wipers and washer)
is too high.
Probable cause: A defective switch or shortcircuit to voltage.
14XX006
Figure 7. By moving the lever upwards, the interval for the windshield wipers is activated.
The operator receives instructions on the screen, to activate the interval for the
windshield wipers by moving the lever upwards. After a short while the operator
recieves instructions to turn off the interval.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• Wiper interval signal is low, VECUPA10
Explanation: The signal on connection PA10 (the interval for the windshield
wipers) is too low.
Probable cause: An open circuit.
• Interval relay output is low, VECUPB16
Explanation: The signal on connection PB16 (output signal for the interval
relay) is too low.
Probable cause: An open circuit.
The program checks that the vehicle speed sensor is connected to the vehicle
control unit. The operator does not have to do anything during this test.
During the test, the operator receives two instructions on the screen. The first
instruction is to press the accelerator pedal to the floor. The second instruction is
to release the accelerator pedal.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• Too low throttle signal (PID91 < 100%), VECUPB8
Explanation: The signal on the connection PB8 (accelerator pedal) is too low.
Probable cause: The error may be caused by an open circuit.
• Buffered idle switch output (is) signal is low, VECUPB17
Explanation: The signal on connection PB17 (the buffered output signal for
idle witch) is too low.
Probable cause: An open circuit.
• TOO HIGH THROTTLE SIGNAL (PID91 > 0%), VECUPB8
Explanation: The signal on connection PB8 (accelerator pedal) is too high.
Probable cause: A defective switch or shortcircuit to voltage.
• BUFFERED IDLE SWITCH OUTPUT (IVS) SIGNAL IS HIGH,
VECUPB17
Explanation: The signal on connection PB17 (the buffered output signal for
the idle switch) is too high.
Probable cause: The error may be caused by a defective switch or shortcir-
cuit to voltage.
Two instructions are shown on the screen. The first one tells the operator to pull
the parking brake. The second instruction tells the operator to release the park-
ing brake.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• Parking brake signal is low, VECU PB11
Explanation: The signal on connection PB11 (parking brake) is too low.
Probable cause: A defective switch or an incorrect input signal.
• Parking brake signal is high, VECU PB11
Explanation: The signal on connection PB11 (parking brake) is too high.
Probable cause: A defective switch or an incorrect input signal.
The following texts are shown on the screen if timeout has occurred:
• Retarder lever is not in OFF pos, VECU PB24
Explanation: The operator has not set the retarder lever in OFF position.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcuts are detected.
• Retarder lever is not in AUTO pos, VECU PB24
Explanation: The operator has not set the retarder lever in AUTO position.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcuts are detected.
• Retarder lever is not in 1:th pos, VECU PB24
Explanation: The operator has not set the retarder lever in position 1.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcuts are detected.
• Retarder lever is not in 2:nd pos, VECU PB24
Explanation: The operator has not set the retarder lever in position 2.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcuts are detected.
• Retarder lever is not in 3:rd pos, VECU PB24
Explanation: The operator has not set the retarder lever in position 3.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcuts are detected.
• Retarder lever is not in 4:th pos, VECU PB24
Explanation: The operator has not set the retarder lever in position 4.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcuts are detected.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• Brake pressure signal low, VECU PB27
Explanation: Incorrect input signal
Probable cause: Faulty switch, no connection and shortcuts are detected.
• Brake pressure signal high, VECU PB27
Explanation: Incorrect input signal
Probable cause: Faulty switch, no connection and shortcuts are detected.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• Redundant brake signal is low, VECU PA5
Explanation: The operator has forgot to press down the brake pedal or there
is an incorrect input signal.
Probable cause: Faulty switch/cable/connector is detected.
• Redundant brake signal is high, VECU PA5
Explanation: The operator has forgot to release the brake pedal or there is an
incorrect input signal.
Probable cause: Faulty switch/cable/connector is detected.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• Clutch signal is low, VECU PA8
Explanation: The operator has forgot to press down the brake pedal or there
is an incorrect input signal.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcuts are detected.
• Clutch signal is high, VECU PA8
Explanation: The operator has forgot to release the brake pedal or there is an
incorrect input signal.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcuts are detected.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• Not possible to turn on output brake light, VECU PB1
Explanation: VISP can not turn the light on.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcircuits are detected. Faulty output
is detected.
• Not possible to turn off output brake light, VECU PB1
Explanation: VISP can not turn the light off.
Probable cause:No connection and shortcircuits are detected. Faulty output
is detected.
• Not possible to log out
Explanation: VISP can not log out.
Probable cause:No connection and shortcircuits are detected. Faulty output
is detected.
• You have not pressed YES (F8) or NO (F5)
Explanation: The operator has not confirmed.
Probable cause: The operator may have ignored to confirm or he may have
been to late for time out.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• Clutch signal is high, VECU PA8
Explanation: Incorrect input signal.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcuts are detected.
• Clutch signal is low, VECU PA8
Explanation: Incorrect input signal.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcuts are detected.
The following texts are shown on the screen if time-out has occurred:
• Redundant brake signal is high, VECU PA5
Explanation: Incorrect input signal.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcuts are detected.
• Redundant brake signal is low, VECU PA5
Explanation: Incorrect input signal.
Probable cause: No connection and shortcuts are detected.
In order to maintain the high standard of our literature, your opinions and experience when using this
manual would be greatly appreciated.
If you have any comments or suggestions, make a copy of this page, write down your comments and
send them to the address below.
To: From:
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