Astronomy – The branch of science which deals with the
study of heavenly bodies, their structure and their function.
Asthenosphere – It is a portion of the upper mantle just
below the lithosphere.
Atmosphere – it is the layer of gases that may surround a
material body of sufficient mass.
Batholiths – Large Emplacement of igneous intrusive rock
that forms from cooled magma deep in the earth’s crust.
Carbonation – Refers to the process of dissolving carbon
dioxide in an aqueous
solution.
Cell – The basic unit of life.
changing the rock’s
minerals into different
substances. CELL
Chemical Weathering – The process of
Condensation – Means the change in the aggregation phase
of matter from the gaseous phase (of an element or
chemical species) into liquid droplets or solid grains of the
same element or chemicals species.
Core – The center of the earth.
Continental Shelf – An undresea extension of a continent
which can stretch for many miles out of the sea.
Continental Slope – The edge of the continental shelf.
Crust – the outer layer of
the earth composed of
igneous, metamorphic CRUST
and sedimentary.
Diastrophism – Refers to deformation of the Earth’s crust,
more specially to folding and faulting.
Divergent – A linear feature that exist between two tectonic
plates that are moving away from each other.
Earth – The third planet from the sun and the densest and
the fifth largest of the 8 planets in solar system.
Earth Science – a branch of the physical science that deals
with the study of the solid earth, the water on it and the air
that surrounds it.
Erosion – It is the process of the weathering and transport
of the solids (like sediments, soil, rock and the other
particles) in the natural environment.
Evaporation – A type of
vaporation of liquid that
occurs only on the surface
of the liquid. EVAPORATION
Extrusive Rocks – The mode of the igneous volcanic rock the Earth’s atmosphere, extending to a height of 70 km.
formation in which hot magma form inside the earth flows
Hydrology – is concerned with the circulation of the water
out onto the surfaces as lava or explodes violently into the
in the atmosphere and the other parts of the earth.
atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastics.
Hydrolysis - A chemical reaction during which molecules of
Exosphere - The upper part of the atmosphere where gas
the water.
molecules of are wide apart.
Hydrosphere – Describes the combined mass water found
Feldspar – Group of rock-forming tectosilicate minerals
on, under over the surface of the planets.
which make up as much 60% of the earth’s crust.
Igneous rock – One of the types of the rock that is formed
Folding – A stack of originally flat surfaces that are bent or
through the cooling and solidification of the magma and
curved as a result of plastic deformation.
lava.
Fracture – The separation of an object or material into two
Intrusive Rock – Formed by the crystallization of the magma
,or more, pieces under action stress.
at the depth within the earth.
Geology – The science that deals with the study physical
Ionosphere – the uppermost part of the atmosphere,
matter that constitute the Earth.
between the thermosphere and the exosphere , can easily
Granite – A common and widely occurring type of intrusive, be distinguished because it is ionzed by solar radiation.
igneous rock.
Jupiter – The fifth planet from the Sun and the largest.
Hardness – The measure of how resistant solid matters to planet within the solar system.
various kinds of permanent
Lava – A molten rock expelled by
shape change when a force
volcano during an eruption.
is applied.
Lithosphere – The rigid part and the
Homosphere – The lower
outermost layer of rocky planet. LITHOSPHERE
part of the two division of
HOMOSPHERE
Luster – The description referring to the manner the light
interacts on the surface of a rock, a crystal or a mineral.
Magma – A molten rock containing crystals and gas bubbles
that is found beneath the surface of the earth.
Marble – A metamorphic rock composed of crystallized
carbonate minerals and the common examples are
calcite/dolomite.
Mantle – A highly viscous layer between the rust and the
outer core of the earth.
Moho Discontinuity – The boundary between the Earth’s
crust and the mantle called Moho.
Mercury – The innermost and the smallest planet in the
solar system.
Mars – The fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system.
Metamorphic Rock – The result of the transformation of the
existing rock type.
Metamorphism – The process when a rock will change its
form to another types of rocks.
Meteorology – The study of the atmosphere, changes in
temperature, air pressure, moisture, and wind direction in
the troposphere.
Minerals – A naturally occurring solid chemical substances
that are formed through geological processes which has
characteristic in terms of its chemical composition, with the
highly ordered atomic.
Milky Way – The galaxy in which the solar system is located.
Neptune – The eight and farthest planet from the Sun in the
solar system and fourth largest planet by diameter and
third in terms its mass.
Ocean – A major body of saline water and a principal
components of the hydrosphere.
Orgeny – Refers to the forces and events leading to server
structural deformation of the earth’s crust due to the
interlocking of tectonic plates.
Oxidation – The interaction between oxygen molecules and
all the different substances they may contact from metal to
living tissue.
Precipitation – Rain, sleet ,hail , snow and other forms of
the water falling from the sky.
Planet – A celestial body orbiting a star or stellar remnant
that is massive enough to be round by its own gravity.
Quartz – The second most abundant mineral in earth’s
continental thrust, after feldspar.
Rain – A liquid precipitation opposite to snow, hail and Stratosphere – The second major layer of the earth’s
sleet. atmosphere just above the troposphere and below the
mesosphere.
Rock – A naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and
mineraliods. Sedimentary Rock – A type of rock that is formed by
sedimentation of the materials at the earth’s surface and
Sail – The upper layer of the
within bodies of water.
earth’s crust made of rocks
rich in silicate and aluminum Sediments – Solid fragments of inorganic or organic
minerals. materials at the Earth’s surface and within bodies of water.

Saturn – The sixth planet
from the Sun and the second
largest planet in the solar
SIMA AND SAIL
system after Jupiter.
Sima – The name for the lower layers of the earth’s crust.
Shear – The response of a rock to deformation, usually by
compressive stress and forms particularly textures.
Schist – Formed by regional metamorphism, having coarse
mineral grains splitting in the layers.
Slate – A fine grained, foliated, homogenous metamorphic
rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rocks
that is composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade
regional metamorphism.
Solar System – Consist of a star, which is the sun, the eight
known plants, dozens of known satellites and huge number
of small object that range from microscopic dust particles
to the large object such as meteors and asteroids.
Specific Gravity – The ratio of the density (mass of a unit
volume) of a substance to the density of the given
reference material.
Streak – The color of a mineral when it is powered (streak
of the mineral), commonly obtained by rubbing the mineral
across a hard surface, unglazed porcwelain material called
streak plate.
Sun – The star at the center of the solar system.
Syncline – It is the downward Universe – Everything that exists; all the planets, stars, and
curving fold with layer that galaxies are part of the universe.
dip toward the center of the
Uranus – The seventh planets from the sun, third largest,
structure.
fourth most massive planet in the solar system.
Thermosphere – The biggest
Uplift - it is a vertical elevation of the earth’s surface in
of all the layers of the earth’s
response to natural causes.
atmosphere and it’s directly
above the mesosphere and
SYNCLINE Volcano – An opening, or
directly below the exosphere, within this layer, ultraviolet rupture in a planet’s
radiation causes ionization. surface or crust, which
allows hot magma, ashes
Transpiration – Evaporation of the water from plants,
and gasses to escape below
occurs chiefly at the leaves while their stomata are open
surface.
For the CO2 and O2 during photosynthesis.
Water – A chemical
Transport Fault – Also known as the conservation plate
substance with a chemical
boundary of the a tectonic plate tension – A force related to
formula H2O. VOLCANO
the stretching of an object (opposite of compression).
Water Cycle – The continuous movement of water on above
Trench – A type of depression in the
the surface water of the earth.
ocean floor.
Water Vapor – The gas phase of the water.
Tropopause – The atmospheric
boundary between the troposphere Weathering – The breaking down of earth’s rocks, soils and
and the stratosphere. minerals through direct contact with the planet’s
atmosphere.
Troposphere – The lowest portion
of the earth’s atmosphere.
TROPOPAUSE AND
TROPOSPHERE
 EARTH SCIENCE

MINI DICTIONARY

CHRISTINE JAEZEUS SINCO

2019 – 2020 11 STEM CESSNA