Results of good ethics and bad habits:

Human being as human being has good ethics but due to the effets of
the environment, it created bad habits. When ibn e khuldun saw their
evils and misdeeds, he also said something about it. It is clear that
because of a nation and kingdom, the human collective remains. Man is
inclined towards good ethics according to the nature of which God has
created man. But we see that there are many people who have bad
ethics so they are all due to…….. He further states that the government
and the empire are the property of human beings, therefore, to
perform the affairs of the government it is necessary that human
beings are morally upright and maintain justice in the country it is
called beauty politics. If good ethics are not adopted and bad habits are
not given up then man is acting against nature. When tuned away from
nature, man is unable to achieve his purpose and to accomplish
important tasks like politics.

The argument from politics:

It is said that politics is to sponsor the creature of Allah and to

show the caliphate of Divine so that the creature of Allah obey Allah’s
commands. But Allah appointed people to accomplish this task……

The kingdom without glory of nation and nepotism can’t stand:

It is quite clear that no kingdom can be establish without national

glory and nepotism. But then it is seen that many nations ignored
nepotism, which led to the decline of different nations so ibn e khuldun
felt it to be clarified and said about it.
 Se says that if any nation wants to dominate another nation or
demands their right it is necessary that nepotism should be found in
that nation.

Nepotism means to live in harmony with other tribes and to live in

gathering.

Nepotism drives national pride, and they are always ready to help
and support each other. It is clear that in every period there was a long
series of wars between the nations to achieve the empire but as a
result, it became clear that a nation that had nepotism would prevail
over another nation and take over the kingdom. But in today’s age,
many people are far from nepotism especially those who live in city and
whose eyes are open in urban life. In their views, the only thing is that
the system of government is operation in a consistent manner and we
have to face it and the only thing in their minds and hearts is that
nepotism is not required to enforce the rules and they are unable to
understand how this empire began.

The current government is far from nepotism and that’s why they
are not brave and unable to follow the path of development.

The unconditional obedience of the rulers eliminates interference:

Many rulers came into the world who set up justice and run the
kingdom according to the laws of Islam. Many rulers also came to the
world who did wrong which caused people to slow down and their
natures were overwhelmed. Ibn e khuldun presents this situation in his
own way. If we look at it, we know that no one is sovereign alone
because the rulers have complete control over them. From this it is
known that everyone is in control of someone and he has to obey the
rule of his rulers.

Now if the government maintains justice and grants rights to the

people, then the subordinates have the honor of their homeland and
they show courage and bravery in every field and they live a free life.
They do not care about the kings and the rich in their affairs, but rather
live a life of self-respect and play a vital role in the development of
society.

Each empire has boundaries that do no extent beyond it:

After observation it became clear that each empire has certain

boundaries within which it is limited it does not go beyond it. If the
nation wants to exceed these limits, what are the steps that must be
taken? Ibn e khuldun explained it and mentioned a few things under
that topic.

Whenever a nation establishes an empire on a territory, it must

divide it into different provinces so that the system of empire can be
run smoothly and establish peace in the region by receiving tribute to
the people and taking action against the spread of corruption. Now, if
the government want to take some of the territory beyond its territory,
then the empire begins to fall and the country becomes empty of
supporters. But on the contrary, if nepotism is dominated and
collectivism persists despite crossing into other areas, there is no harm
to the country. The country develops rapidly and soon succeeds in
overcoming other territories and establishing its empire there. As long
as the nepotism is high the empire will be more stable, and further
states that the empire is stronger in its proximity than in remote areas
and as the empire moves towards the limits of the empire it becomes
weaker in terms of center.

For example too much light near the lamp as it goes away it
diminishes until it is darkened and so does the last day of the fall of the
empire.

Solidarity:

It is quite clear that Allah created man as his caliph in this

universe, so it was necessary to reside this world with man so that
Allah’s fortune could come off. But with the initial living of man in the
beginning it was not possible for man to live longer. Because the
necessaries of his life was not complete and he was insecure. He lived
in the forest like wild animals and ate leaves of trees.

Because his life was unsafe, a law and rule was necessary for his
protection from this problem and it is Gathering that is specially
important whom ibn e khuldun has described in his style ….. man is
created on such a nature that without diet the survival of his life is
impossible and gave guidance and strength for it but it is impossible for
a man to fulfill his necessaries alone that is enough for his life. If we
assume only one day’s dose, then it cannot be prepared without too
many steps for example if wheat is present, it will also have to be
grinded and then thawed and baked. All three tasks require different
tools and assistants.

Humans need food to survive and different people must work together
to get food. Another way to understand this is that Almighty has
assigned various components to the brain, such horns of some animals
and claws of some animals but as compare to them man is given … with
use of ,… he protects his life and makes different instruments for
protection. Therefore, it is known that food and protection of his life
are necessary for survival of man. This is not possible as long as humans
associate with their humankind. That’s why gathering is so important
and this is an important human need.

Relaxation:

The third reason is that by gaining the empire the nation becomes
comfortable and the coming generations nourish with ease. The hard
word of which this country gained, forgets. There is no motivation to
endure hardships in wars the only difference between a solider and a
civilian is that of dress and order. The security of the kingdom
decreases. The glory is lost and eventually these things cause the
empire’s roots to weaken and its host begins to come. It happens that
when most of the people of the country become comfortable and leave
the security of the country, the king favors a warlike nation and enter
them into Army. And they save the country from weakness and
destruction by enduring hardships and starvation they, even, accupy
the country as the kings of the eastern countries recruited those who
came to them on horseback and on foot. They were all bold people. So
the kings removed their people form positions and put them in the
hands of those who caused the kingdom to fall.

Results of releasing the justice:

As long as the rulers solves the problems of his nation with justice
the peace and security establish in the country. But if the rulers leave
justice, it will cause many errors. Allama ibn e khaldun felt that the
results should be stated so he presented this topic.