INTRODUCTION

According to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (2017),

Pregnancy usually lasts about 40 weeks, or just over 9 months, as measured from the last menstrual

period to delivery. Pregnancy can be confirmed through blood testing, an ultrasound, fetal heart

tone (FHT) detection, or through an x-ray. Pregnancy is divided into three terms namely the first

trimester (week 1 to week 12), second trimester (week 13 to week 28), and the third trimester

(week 29 to week 40). According to the National Institute of Child Health and Human

Development (2017), in the first trimester, the events that lead to pregnancy begin with conception,

in which a sperm penetrates an egg and further develops into a fetus. On the second trimester, it is

the typical time for an ultrasound to look for birth defects and time to find out the sex of your baby.

According to Galan (2018), a developing baby will grow from 12 inches long and 1.5 lbs in weight

up to 18-20 inches long and 7-9 lbs in weight. According to the National Institute of Child Health

and Human Development (2017) labor happens in three stages. The first stage begins with

contractions. It continues until your cervix has become thinner and dilated (stretched) to about 4

inches wide. The second stage is the active stage, in which you begin to push downward. Crowning

is when your baby's scalp comes into view. Shortly afterward, your baby is born. In the third stage,

you deliver the placenta. The patient and her baby are monitored closely during labor. Most women

deliver their babies via Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (NSVD). According to Cirino

(2017), a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery is a vaginal delivery that happens on its own,

without requiring doctors to use tools to help pull the baby out. This occurs after a pregnant woman

goes through labor. Labor opens, or dilates, her cervix to at least 10 centimeters. According to the

Philippine Statistics Authority, there were 1,618,315 live births in the Philippines last 2018. In the

year 2018 Davao del Sur had a total number of livebirths of 10,797 according to the PSA (2018).

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According to the Central Intelligence of America World Factbook (n.d.), the global birth rate was

at 18.5 last 2016.

The group was assigned to a patient who had undergone Normal Spontaneous Vaginal

delivery with the absence of complications. The patient’s principal diagnosis, based on her

gynecologic and obstetric history, is that she had her menarche when she was 13 years old. Her

last menstrual period (LMP) was on November 20, 2018 and her previous menstrual period was

in October 2018. Her estimated date of confinement (EDC) was on August 2, 2019. At the time of

assessment, her obstetric score is gravida 1 para 1 (G1P1) with no abortions and deaths. Her first

child is a baby girl delivered with an age of gestation (AOG) of 34 weeks and 3/7 days cephalic in

labor, NSVD with median episiotomy 2nd degree laceration. The proponents selected this case as

recommended by their Clinical Instructor at the time of selecting a case. The case is selected due

to the patient having no complications with regards to her pregnancy – labor and delivery.