BAB 8

MOMENTUM, IMPULSE AND THE RELATIVE

MOTION

VENNI PUTRI DAYANA

1312440013
PHYSICS ICP 2013
8.1 MOMENTUM, IMPULSE AND THE RELATIVE
MOTION

LINEAR MOMENTUM
The Momentum P of a particle is defined as the product of mass m and the
speed v.

p = mv
Momentum is a vector quantity and its direction is same with direction of
velocity v. Units momentum is a unit of mass x the speed, in SI it is expressed by
kg. the ms-1. The term momentum is always interpreted with the linear
momentum p, it is intended to distinguish with the momentum angulair of
circular motion.

A force is required to change the momentum of an object, either to add to,

reduce or change its direction. Newton people the first time that the stated term
of the momentum in his law the second, although he called the results of the
time mv as the magnitude of the motion.
Newton's laws second can also be interpreted as :
the change of the average momentum of a particle is equal to the force
resultant that work for him.
dp
F=
dt
This equation applies to one particle. For systems consisting of n particles
with a total mass M = ml + m2 + m3 + ……. + Mn, and momentum P1 = m; v I 'P2
= m2v2, ……. pn = mn vn, then the total momentum of the P system is defined as:

- - - -
p = mlvl + m2v +…………+ mavn =∑Pi

Because Mv = I m.v. then the equation becomes

1 1

P = Mvpm
 Thus, "the total linear momentum of the particle system is equal to the
product of total mass M with the velocity of the center of mass of the system".
Or, the linear momentum of an object as a whole is equal to the product of the
mass of the object with the velocity of its center of mass.

If this equation is differentiated with time and mass M is considered

constant, it is obtained

dP dv
=M--=Ma pm =F ext
dr dt

here Fect states the simultaneous external force of the system and this equation is
called Newton's second law for the particle system.

8-2 LAW OF IMMUNITY OF LINIER MOMENTUM

If the external force on a system is zero [Fext, = 0], then the equation
becomes:

dP
--- = 0 or P = constant
dt

Therefore : "If the resultant external force on a system is zero, the total
momentum becomes constant"
This is called the law of conservation of momentum. This law can also be
interpreted as: The total momentum of an isolated system of objects is always
constant. In an isolated system here it means that there is no external force acting
on the system, only the forces of action between particles that exist. An example
of the law of conservation of momentum is the collision of a billiard ball as
shown in
 Picture 8-1.

Picture 8-1

If m1u1 and m2u2 respectively express the momentum of the first ball and
the second ball, before the collision, while m1 v1 and m2v2 express the
momentum of the first ball and the second ball after the collision then the
equation is obtained:
P = constant
or
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v

here u and v state the billiard ball before and after the collision. Thus, the
momentum of both balls is eternal
Can also be written in other forms as:
m1v1 - m1u1 = -{m2v2 - m2u2)
It can be seen that each losing momentum of one ball (sign -), will increase
the momentum of the other ball (+ sign).
 8-3 PILLS AND IMPULS

The law of conservation of momentum is a very important tool in

explaining the collision process. Collisions that we usually see everyday, for
example: a racket that is hitting a tennis ball, a baseball bat or golf ball that is
colliding, a hammer that is hitting a nail, a collision between atoms and nuclei;
and others.

Collision in physics is precisely interpreted as the interaction between

two objects in a short time interval and so strong that the other forces at work
have no meaning compared to the forces of each object used by each other
during the collision.

The collision process in detail can be seen in Picture 8-2. The mass of
the colliding object is considered constant and the speed is much smaller
than the speed of light. During a collision, in a very short contact time, the
force surges from zero to a very high level of work and then sharply drops
back to zero again.

Picture 8-2 shows the magnitude used by objects against each other
during collisions, as a function of time.

The time interval ∆t = tr - ti, here ti is the

initial time (when the force is working) and
tr is the end time (when the force stops
working) is generally very clear and concise.

Picture 8-2
 From Newton's second law as stated in the equation it can be explained
that during very short time intervals dt, the change in momentum that occurs is;

dp = F dt
If it is integrated in the collision time interval, it is obtained:

here pi and Pt are the momentum of the body just before and after the
collision. Integral forces at the contact time interval dt are called impulses J.
t
1 = J fF dt
t
.I
Therefore, the change in momentum of an object:

∆p = Pr- pi = is the same as the impulse acting on it, ∆p = Pr - pitr

= J F.dt = J

If the force F is constant then the equation becomes:

t
P =Pr-Pi= Ff fctt = F <tr- t) = 1
tI

or :
 8-4 THE LAW OF MOMENTUM AND ENERGY
IMMUNITY IN THE POWDER

In the collision process, we usually don't know how the collision force
changes as a function of time. However, we can still determine the details of the
motion before and after the collision using the law of conservation of momentum
and energy.
We look at two objects whose mass m and m, the velocity of the object
before and after the collision are U, U and V, V z-
According to equation (8-6), the momentum of the system is constant

P = constant:
Or

The kinetic energy of the object before the collision is : :

The kinetic energy of the object after the collision is

K11 + K21 = ½ m1 v12 + ½ m2 v22

The collision is said to be elastic if the kinetic energy of the system before
and after the collision is the same:

(8-8)

Collision is said not elastic if the kinetic energy of the system before and
after the collision is not the same, meaning that there is a portion of the kinetic
energy lost to change into other forms of energy such as heat energy.
So the kinetic energy before the collision is greater the kinetic energy after
the collision
 (8-9)

To determine the elasticity of a collision can be known from a constant

called the coefficient of restitution e, is :

v2 – v1
e =----- (8-10)
u2 – u1

Great price e this is :

0≤e≤1
if
e=l collisions are elastic
O<e<l collisions are not elastic
e=O the collision is not elastic at all

8-5 COLLISIONS IN ONE, TWO AND THREE

DIMENSIONS

(1) If the momentum vector working line of a colliding object is located in a

straight line so that all the motion of objects is in one line, then the collision
system is called collisions in one dimension. Here there is only one
component of momentum: the direction component of the x, y or z axis
(Picture 8-3)

y
y

m1 m2

u1 u2 u1 u2

(a) x (b) x
Picture 8-3 Two particles m and m (a) before the collision (b) after the collision
 So that equation (8-6) can be written :

(8- 11)
or

(2) If the momentum vector work lines of colliding objects are not located in a
straight line (maybe parallel or maybe intersect), but still lie in one flat
plane, such collisions called collisions in two dimensions have two
components of the momentum vector meaning the direction of motion of
colliding objects no longer lie in one line but lie in one plane.
Picture 8-4 shows collisions in two dimensions of m and m particles with
scattering angles 1 and 2 in the original direction.

Picture 8-4 Collisions in two dimensional particles m1 and m2

The component of the momentum vector in the x-axis direction before

and after the collision is:

(8-12a)
or
 The component of the momentum vector in the direction of the Y axis
before and after the collision is:

(8-12b)
or
0 = m1v1 sinø1 + m2v2 sinø2

(3) If the working type of the momentum vector of colliding objects is not
in one line and one plane (crossed), then this collision system is called
a collision in three dimensions.
The law of conservation of momentum in the x, y and z axis is :

(8-13a)

(8-13b)

(8-13c)

8-6 SYSTEMS WITH MASS CHANGES

Now, if the mass is not fixed, but changes with time, so it goes from 0 to
0, but the total mass of the system is always fixed (the law of conservation of
mass). such a system can be considered an inelastic type of collision, and this
problem will be simplified if we return to equation (8-5) is:

dp
-- = Fext
dt

here p is the total momentum of the system and Fext is the external force acting
on the system. An example of the use of a changing mass system is a Rokct that
is pushed forward due to a burst of burning gas. In this case the mass of the
Rocket M is reduced during the process, then dM / dt <0. Another example of
usage is the fall of materials such as gravel, package items) on a conveyor belt.
In this situation the mass M of the conveyor belt increases, then dM/dt> 0.
To explain in general this changing mass system can be seen in Picture 8-
5. At time t, the system consists of mass M with momentum Mv and a very
small mass of dM that travels at velocity u. At dt later, the mass of dM
becomes one with mass M and the combined mass of M + dM moves with an
acceleration of v + dv. Easily this can be considered a collision process. Total
momentum at time t (before the collision) is :

Mv + u dM

The total momentum at t + dt (after plants) is

(M+dM) (v + dv)

Then the change in momentum of dP is :

dP = (M+d.M)(v+dv)-(Mv + udM)

= Mdv + vdM + dMdv - udM

Because dM and dp are considered very small then :

dP = Mdv + vdM - udM

and equation (8-5) becomes

dP Mdv + vdM - udM

Fext = -- = --------
dt dt
or:
dv dM
Fcxt = M---(u -v)--
dt dt

here the quantity (u - v) is called the relative speed of dM with respect to M,

such that:
v rel = u-v
 is the velocity of mass entry dM seen by the observer at M

(a) P = Mv + udM at time t

(b) P = (M + dM)(v + dv) when t + dt

Picture 8-5

Equation (8-14) can also be written as such :

The first term in Fcitt's right side shows the resultant forces acting on the
system (for rockets, this resultant force includes the gravitational force and
the air friction force) and does not include the force applied by dM to M as a
result of collisions, because this force is an internal force in the system total.
dM
The second term in the right hand segment v rel express the average
momentum which is dt
transferred into or out of the system due to mass leaving or mass entering the
system. For a rocket, this term is called the thrust force because this force is
caused by a hidden gas.
8-7 UNITS OF IMPULS AND MOMENTUM
In SI the impulse has units of N-S and momentum in kg.m / s. In the
Imperial (British Unit) system the impulse has a unit of lb.S and momentum in
the slug ft / s.

PROBLEM SOLVED

8-1 Someone has a mass of 70 kg altitude from 5 m height and landed firmly
on the ground.
(a) Calculate the force impulses suffered.
(b) If the method of landing is with straight legs and is considered to be
the center of mass of the body shifting 1 cm, calculate the average
force applied by the person's feet.
(c) As the question (b) but with bent legs and is considered the center of
mass bergeser 50cm.
Answer:
From equation 8-7 large impulses can be found:

After falling from a height of 5 m, the person has speed:

V =V2gh = V2 (9,8 m/s2)(5m) = 9,9 m/s

and the momentum after pounding the ground quickly drops to zero,
then:
J = Fr ∆t = ∆p = Pt – Pi
= 0- (70 kg) (9,9 m/s) = - 690 N.S
•'

The (-) sign indicates that the direction of the force is opposite to the
direction of the initial momentum.

(b) shifting the center of mass so far :

D = 1 cm = 10-2 m
and average speed
 Vr = (9,9 m/s = 0)/2 = 5 m/s
Duration of collision:
D
∆t = -- = 00-2 m)/(5 m/s) = 2 x 10-3 s
Vr
Great average style :

J 690 N.S
Fr=-- = = 3.5 x 105 N
L\t , 2 x 10-3 s
The average total upward force Fr is equal to the average upward force on
the foot caused by the ground F1 reduced by the gravitational force mg

So Fr = F1 - mg
or
F1 = Fr+ mg= 3,5 x 10 N + 690 N = 3,5 x 105 N

(c) Here the center of mass shifts

D = (0,50 m)
and how long it takes to grow :
D 0,50
L\t = - m = 0, I
- = yr 5 m/s S

Total force is above average :

J 690 N.S
Fr = -- = = 6,9 x I 03 N
L\ t 0, I S

Average upward force from the ground on the feet

F = Fr+ mg= 6,9 x N + 690 N = 7 ,6 x 103 N103
8-2 A proton having a mass of 1.01 SMA moves with a velocity of 3.60 *
04 m / s firing centrally and the elastic core of Helium (m = 4.00 SMA)
is initially stationary. Calculate the velocity of the proton and the
Helium core after the collision,
Answer:
It is known that :

I. Atomic mass unit (sma) = 1,6606 * 10-27 kg

The speed of the proton and the initial Helium nucleus :

Ue = 3,60 * 10' m/s and uHe = 0

and after collision the speed becomes vP and v He •

According to the law of conservation of momentum

or
mp up + 0 = mp vp + mhe vHe 1)

According to the law of conservation of energy :

or
1/2 mPu/ + 0 = 1/2 mPv/ + 1/2 mHevH/ 2)

From equations 1) and 2) obtained:

................................................. 3)

The solution is :

2mp up
v He =0 and VHe = ---- = J,45 * 104 m/S
 For VHe= 0 equation 1) be :

= u = 3 60 * 104 m/S

In this case no collision occurs

For vHe = 1.45 * 104 rn / S, equation 1) becomes :

The minus sign (-) here indicates that after the collision the proton velocity reverses
to the velocity before the collision.

8-3 A proton moving at a rate of 8.2 * 105 m / s collects elastic with another
proton from a hydrogen target that is at rest. One proton bounces in the
direction of 600 with respect to the speed of the first proton. Determine the
scattering angle of the second proton and also calculate the velocity of the two
protons after the plant.
Answer:
Because the collision is elastic and in two dimensions, it can be solved by
equations (8-8), (8-12a) and (8-12b), i.e :
1/2m1u12 + l/2m2u22 = 1/2m1v12 + l/2m2v22 (8-8)

:here : m = m = mp and u = 8,2 x 105 m/s.B. = 60°

obtained :

(8-12a)

obtained

U1 + 0 = V1 COS 60 + V2COSø2
or
2)
 Because plants are elastic and in two dimensions, then from equation (8-8)
1/2 m1u12 + 1/2 m2u22 = 1/2 m1v12 + l/2m2v22
here m1 = m2 = m : u1 = 8,2 x 105 m/s and ø1 = 60° : u2 = 0 and ø2 = ?
then equation (8-8) becomes

1)

:from the equation (8-12a)

or
2)

from the equation (8-12b)

m1u1y + m2u2y = m1v1y + m2v2
0 = v1 sin81 + v sin82 3)

If a term containing v1 of equations 2) and 3) is moved to the left-hand side then

squared is obtained

. Equation 1) - 2) obtained :
2ulvlcosø1 – v12 = v12
or :
2u1v1cose1 = 2v12
U1cosø 1 = vl

or :
v 1 = (8,2 x 105 m/s) cos 60 = 4, I x 105 m/s

From equation 1) -> v2 = Vu12 – v12 = 7,1 x 105 m/s

 From equation 3) ----

8-4. The beam of beam B and its mass mA and m8 are forced to separate by a
spring whose potential energy is V (Picture 8-6).
Determine the ratio between the kinetic energy of the body Adan B after
separation.

Picture 8-6
Answer:
Because there is only internal force, the momentum of the system is
constant equal to zero
0 = mbvb - mAvA (1)

and the mechanical energy of the system is also constant

V = 1/2 mAvA2 + 1/2 mBvB2 (2)
If equations 1) and 2) the results are solved :
mA mB
KB = V ----------- and KA = V ------------

Thus, the comparison of the kinctik of objects A and B :

KA mB
=

So this is a different kinctik compared to its mass

8-5 A base ball has a mass of 5.5 once, thrown horizontally with a speed of 80
fl / s and then hit with "bat". The ball spins to 100 It / s in the opposite
direction. Calculate the size of the punch impulse
Answer:
slug
-3
Ball mass = 5 once x 1,943 x 10 ---
once
= 10,7 x 10-3 slug

Impuls = change in momentum

= mv-mu=m(v-u)
= (10,7 x I0·3slug)[(-100fl/s)-(80ft/s)]
= -1,93 lb.s

The negative sign (-) here shows that the direction of the impulse of force is
opposite to the direction of speed of the ball coming.

8-6. In Picture 8-7, for example mA = 1 kg, mn = 2 kg and µA = 5 m / s, Jlii = 2

m / s. After the collision the two objects do not separate but still see one
another. Like a railroad gate that is connected so that VA = V 8. What is the
speed after the collision

(a) (b) (c)

Picture 8-7

Picture 8-7 (a) Object A is chasing object B (b) The action force during a
collision (cl Object B leaves A after the collision.
 Answer:
Based on the law of conservation of momentum :
mA uA + mB uB = ( mA +mB) v

then the speed after the collision :

V = ----------------------- = 3 m/s

8-7. Suppose the collision in question numbers 8-6, above is elastic. Calculate
the speed of the object Adan B after the collision.
Jawab:
According to the law of conservation of momentum :
1)

(lkg)(5m/s) + (2kg)(2m/s) = (1 kg)vA + (2kg)vB

Because of the elastic impact :

or 2)

By solving equations 1) and 2) obtained :

VA = 1 m/s and VB = 4 m/s

A block with a mass of 100 grams at rest rests on a slippery horizontal table.
A horizontal force F = 10 "+ 3.103t works on the beam, F in dyne and t in
second.
(a) What is the distance of the beam's motion for 5 seconds?
(b) What is the speed of the beam?
(c) How much work the F force does for 5 seconds?
 Answer :
(a) mv = f Fdt = f (10" + 3.103t)dt = 104t + 3/2.103t2

ds 104t + 3/2.103t2
V=--= ----------------------- -> m= lOOgram
dt m

or
ds = (102t + 15t2) dt

and 100t2 15t3

2
s = f ( 102t + 15t ) dt = -- + --
2 3
2 3
= 50.5 + 5.5 = 1875 cm

ds
(b) v = -- = 102t + 15t2 = 102.5 + 15.52 = 875 cm/s
dt
dt
(c) W = F.s = 1/2 mV2 = 1/2 (100g)(875 cm/s)2
= 3828125 erg= 0,383 joule

8-9. Two blocks of 300 g and 200 g each move in opposite directions on the
surface of the table which has no friction, each with a speed of 50 cm / sec
and I 00 cm / sec. Asked :
a) If the two beams collide and move into one, what is the speed of the
united beam ?
b) Calculate the kinetic energy lost in a collision ?
c) Calculate the speed of each block if the collision is perfectly elastic
Answer:
a) Because there is no external force in this system, the Law of
Conservation of Momentum applies.
,system momentum after the collision = (m1+ m2)v
system momentum after the collision = m1 v1 + m2 v2
 (m1 + m2)v = m1v1 + m2v2
(300 + 200)v = 300.50 - 200.100 (sign - for v2 because v2 is in the
opposite directionwith positive)
5000
500 v = -5000 --> v = - -- = -10 cm/det
500
The speed of the block after the collision is equal to -10 cm / sec in the
same direction v2.
b) Kinetic energy before the collision = l/2m1v12 + l/2m2 v22 =
1/2.300.502 + 1/2.200.1002 = 1375000 erg

Kinetic energy after the collision = l/2(m1 + m2) v2 =

1/2(300 + 200).102 = 25000 erg
Kinetic energy lost in collisions =
1375000 - 25000 = 1350000 erg = 0,135 joule.

c) Perfect elastic impact: ( e = -1 )

C=---- = -1
v1 – v2

v11 and v21 is the velocity of m and m after the collision. V and v are the
velocity m1 and m2 before the collision. –v11 + v21 = v1- v2 = 50 - (-100) =
150...............................(1)
Momentum before collision = - 5000
Momentum after collision = mv+ m
= 300v + 200v
300v1 +200v2 = -5000
Explanation of equations (1) and (2), obtained :
v1 = -70 cm/det ; v2 = 80 cm/det
Speed of m1 after collision is -70cm / sec in the opposite direction to v1
The velocity of m2 after the collision is 80 cm / sec, in the opposite direction
to v2
8-10. An object is initially stationary on a surface without friction. The object
works a constant horizontal force for 8 seconds. The work done for 8
seconds was 480 erg, as a result it gained momentum = 120 grams cm / sec.
Asked:
a) The mass of that thing
b) The object's splitting at the 8th second
c) The distance traveled by the object in 8 seconds
d) The constant force acting on that object

Answer :
a) Momentum of objects = 120 grams cm / sec

mv 120
mV = Ft ------> F = ------ = ------= 15 dyne
1 8
Work done: W = FS = 480
480 480
Then S = = = 32 cm
F 15

So:
a) mass of object = 15 gram
b) the speed of the object at 8 det = 8 cm / sec
c) the distance traveled by the object in 8det : S = 32 cm
d) constant force acting on objects: F = 15 dyne
8-11. A bullet with a mass of IO gram is fired against a beam that is still at
rest on a horizontal plane that does not rub, the beam is attached to a
spring and then presses the spring as far as 10 cm. To suppress the
pcgas, every 1 cm required a force of 100,000 Dn. The mass of the beam
is 990 gr.
Asked :
a) Potential energy from springs (maximum) due to beam stress ?
b) The speed of the beam after being hit by a bullet ?
c) The initial speed of the bullet ?

Answer:
a) Spring constant k = 100000 dn / cm

Spring potential energy E = 1/2 kx2 = 1/2.100000.102

= 5000000 erg.
b) The kinetic energy of the beam and bullet is equal to the potential
energy of the spring.
Kinetic beam + bullet energy = 1/2 (m1 + m2) v2
1/2(990 + 10)v2 = 5000000
v= 100 cm/det (beam speed after being hit by a bullet)
c) For example, initial velocity of bullet = v0, mass of bullet = 10 gram.
Momentum before beams = m1 v0 = 10 v0
Momentum after the beam = (m1 + m2)= 1000.100
Then 10 V0 = 100000 > V0= 10000 cm/detThe initial
speed of the bullet = 10000 cm/det.

8-12. 100 grams of putty is thrown at the beam at a speed of 700 cm / sec. First the
beam is stationary on a table with a coefficient of friction of 0.25. The beam
is attached to a pcgas which has a constant k = 98000 dn / cm, 900 gram
beam mass. After hitting the beam, the putty continues to be attached to the
 beam and consequently the spring is pressed by the beam. How many cm of
gas is stuck ?
Answer:
Momentum putty before the beam : mV = 100.700
= 70000 gram/dct
Momentum + putty beam after putty hit the beam
(m + M)
1
v = (100 + 900) V1 = 1000 v

Conservation of momentum : mV = (m + M) V1
70000 = 1000 V1 > V1 = 70 cm/det
Kinetic energy of beam + putty = 1/2 (m + M) V
= 1/2.1000. 702 = 2450000
This kinetic energy is used to squeeze the springs as far as x cm, and
counteracts the work done by friction forces in the distance of X cm.
Then: 1/2 kX2 + 0,25.1000.980.X = l/2(m + M)V
1/2 98000. X2 + 245000 X = 2450000
x2 + 5X = 50 --> (X - 5) (X + 10) = 0
X = 5 cm ; X2 = -10 (not considered)
Then the spring is pressed as far as 5 cm.

8-13. An object with a mass of 600 g was initially at rest. The object was crushed
by another object with a mass of 400 gr which moves at a speed of 100 cm /
sec in the positive X-axis direction. After the collision, a mass of 400 gr
moves at a speed of 100 cm / sec in the direction of 37 ° above the positive
sum. The two objects move in the horizontal plane (XY axis in the
horizontal plane)

Asked :
a) What is the direction and speed of the object with a mass of 600
gr after the collision
b) How much kinetic energy is lost during a collision.
Answer:
 a) Mass A, mA = 400 gr; mass B, m8 = 600 gr
Momentum A before the collision mAVA = 400.125
= 50000 gr cm/det
After the collision, speed v1A = 100 cm/det
Line vA, 37° with axis X. Speed VB direction α0.
Momentum after impact on direction X; mA VA cos 37° + mB VB cos
α = 400.100.0,8 + 600 VB cos α0
Momentum before collision on the axis X:
mAVA= 50000 gr cm/det, then:
32000 + 600 V1B cos α0 = 50000
V1B cos α0 = 30 (1)
Momentum after impact on axis y:
mAvA1 sin 37° + mBvB sin α = 400.100.0,6 + 600 vB sinα
= 24000 + 600 v1b sin α
Momentum before collision in the direction of the axis Y : = O
Then O = 24000 + 600V1 sin α ----> V1B sin α = - 40 (2)

Equation (2): (1) obtained :

α.= - 1,333
30
From (1): V1B cos (-53°) = 30 ---->V2 = ------> = 50.cm/det
0,6
The velocity of object B after the collision is 50 cm / sec with the angle
making direction - 53° with the X axis.

b) Kinetic energy before the collision 1/2 mA V2A= 1/2.400.1252

=3, 1255.106
Kinetic energy after the collision 1/2 mA V12A+ 1/2 mBV12B
 = 1/2.400.1002 + 1/2.600.502 = 2,75.106 erg
So kinetic energy is lost in collisions : (3, 125 - 2,75).106 erg=
0,375.106 erg.

8-14. A ball is dropped free on a horizontal plane. The ball bounces back as high
as 64% of its original height

a) What is the coefficient of Restitution?

b) At what speed does the ball fall to the horizontal plane so the ball
bounces back as high 25 ft.

Answer:
a) The speed arrived in the horizontal plane V0 2ghO
Reflection speed = V1= V 2gh1

Restitution coefficient

b) If h1 = 25 ft, Reflection speed Reflection speed V1 = V 2gh1

V1 = V 2.32.25 = 40 ft/det (upward direction)

40
-V1 = 0,8V0 ------> V0 = - ------- = -50 ft/det (downward direction)
0,8
The ball falls to the field with speed 50 ft/det.

8-15. A ball is tied by a long rope L, the other end is tied at point 0. The ball is
dropped free from the point Adan swings down to hit a beam with mass M
and the ball bounces back to point C. Friction between the beam with the
plane = 0. The impact is partially elastic. The answers are stated in m, M, L,
O and g.
Asked :
a) The speed of the ball when it will hit the beam (V 1)
b) The speed of the ball when bouncing off the beam (V2 )
c) Speed of the beam after pounding the ball?
Answer:
a) Energy of the ball at A : Ep = mgl
Energy of the ball at B : EK= 1/2 mv2

Then mgL = 1/2 mV12 ------> V1 = V 2gL

b) The momentum of the ball before the collision: mV1

Momentum after collision system: mV2 + MV(V2 - beam speed after
being pounded; V- beam speed)
Ball kinetic energy in B = 1/2 m V2
Ball potential energy at C = mg (L2 - L cos 0)
The law of conservation of energy : 1/2 mv2 = mg (L - L cosθ)

V2= V2gl(1 - cosθ)

The speed of the ball when bouncing off the beam
= Y 2gL(1 - cosθ)
The law of conservation of momentum: mv1 = mv2+ Mv

Mv = m(V2gL (1 - cosθ) + V2gL)

m
v =------(V2gL) ( 1 + V1 - cosθ). This is the speed of the beam after
M the collision.

8-16. An atomic bomb containing 20 kg of plutonium exploded. The mass that

becomes energy due to an explosion is 1/10000 of the mass of plutonium
before it explodes.
Asked :
a) How much energy is released in blasting ?
b) If the explosion is directly • in 1 micro second / k, how much
energy is exerted by the explosion ?
c) How much water can be raised as high as 1 km by the energy
released in the explosion ?
 Answer :
a) The amount of mass that becomes energy in blasting = 1 /
10000.20 kg = 2 gr the amount of energy = mc2 (c-> speed of
light)
= 2.(3.1010)2 = 18 . 1020 erg

b) Power produced by blasting : (P)

mc2 18.1020
P = ----------= -----------18. 1026 erg/det
t 10-6

Because the explosion takes place in 10-6 seconds.

c) The energy released by the atomic bomb is used to lift water as

high 1 km = 100000 cm mgh = 18 1020 m.1000.100000 = 18.1020
m = 18.1012 gram
So the amount of water that can be removed is 18.1012 grams

8-17. An 8 g bullet was fired into a 9 kg wooden block and stuck in it. The beam
that can move freely, after being struck has a speed of 40 cm / s. What is
the initial speed of the bullet ?
Answer :
Here the system = bullet + wooden block. The speed of the beam before
the collision is zero, so the momentum is zero. The law of conservation of
momentum states:
Momentum of the system before the collision = the momentum of the
system after the collision.
(mass) x (bullet speed) + 0 =
(mass) x (beam speed and bullet)
(0,008 kg)v + 0 = (9,008 kg)(0,40 m/s)
Then the speed of the bullet before the collision v = 450 m/s
8-18. The 16 g mass goes in the + x direction with a speed of 30 cm / s, while
the second mass 4 g moves in the x-direction with a speed of 50 cm / s.
The two masses collided, and after the collision the two objects remained
united. What is the speed of the system after the collision?
Answer:
The law of conservation of momentum: momentum before = momentum
after collision.
(0,016kg)(0,30 m/s) + (0,004 kg)(-0,50 m/s) = (0,020 kg)v
Notice that the 4 g object here has a negative momentum. The calculation
results v = 0, 14 m/s.

8-19. 2 kg stone with a speed of 6 m / s. Calculate the force F that can stop the
stone within 7 x 104 seconds.
Use the impulse equation: impulse on the stone = change in the
momentum of the stone.
Ft= mvr- mv0
F(7xl0-4s) = 0 - (2 kg)(6 m/s
So:

F = -1,71 x 104 N

The minus sign means that the force is in the opposite direction to the
rock's motion.

8-20. In Picture 8-9 a 15 g bullet is seen shot flat into a wooden beam suspended
from a long rope. The bullet stuck in the wood, Determine the speed of the
bullet if this collision caused the beam to deviate to 10 cm from the
previous position.
Answer:
Consider first the collision between the beam and the bullet; the collision
momentum is eternal, then the momentum before = the momentum after
the collision.
 (0,015 kg)v + 0 = (3,015 kg)V
where v is the speed of the bullet right after the collision.

"
1-
51
3q

Picture 8-9
In this equation there are two unknown quantities. The second equation that is
needed so that the problem can be resolved, we can take from the information
that the beam and bullets in it get a deviation as high as 10 cm. By choosing
EPG = 0 in the original position of the beam, we can write:

EK right after the collision = l/2(3,015kg)V2

= (3,015kg) (9,8 m/s2) (0, lOm)

From this equation is obtained V = 1,40 m/s; by filling this value into the first
equation, is obtained v = 281 m/s.
Note that we cannot use the 1/2 mv2 = (m+M) gh relationship, with m = 0.015 kg
and M = 3.0 kg. Why not ?

8-21. The nucleus of an atom is stationary and its mass is 3.8 x 10-25 kg.
Because of its radioactive nature, this nucleus once released a particle
which was 6.6 x 10-27 kg at a speed of 1.5 x 107 m / s. Because of that the
rest of the core jerks back ("recoil"). What is the jolt speed?
Answer:
This radioactive decay event is nothing but an explosion, hence the
momentum of the system is eternal :
Momentum before = Momentum after explosion
 0 = (3,733 x 10-25 kg)(v) + (6,6 x 10-27 kg) (1,5 x 107 m/s)
Here 3.73 x 10-25 kg is the remaining core mass, and v is the velocity.
Then

- (6.6 x 10-21)(1.5 x 107) -10.0 x 10-20

v = ---------------------------------- = -----------------------
3.73 x 10-25 3.73 x 10-25

= -2.7 x 105 m/s

8-22. The rifle shoots 2 lb bullets with a bullet speed of 1600 ft / s, (a) If the
weight of the rifle is 500 lb, what is the velocity v because of a jolt? (b) If
the jerk is resisted by a constant force of 400 lb, in what time can the rifle
be stopped, and what is the jolt distance?
Answer:
(a) Suppose the bullet gun = system. Before the shot occurs, the system's
linear momentum is zero.
Because of the eternal momentum in this event :
Momentum before the shot = momentum afterward

2 500
or O = ------- slug (1600 ft/s) + --------- slug )v
32 32
then v = -6,4 ft/s.
(b) The loss of momentum during a jolt is due to the impulses of the 400
lb force applied to the rifle. Act out :
impuls = mvr - mv0

500
or (-400lb)t = 0------------- slug (6,4 ft/s)
32
then t = 0.25 s.
Because the force against jerk is constant, the rifle slows down. We
can write :

v = 2 (0 + 6,4) ft/S = 3,2 ft/S

 then x = vt = (3,2 ft/s)(0,25 s) = 0,80 ft. is the jolt distance of the
shotgun.

8-23. A 0.25 kg ball that hovers at a speed of 13 m / s in the positive x direction

is hit with a 'bat', until it gets a speed of 19 eg in the x-direction. "Bat"
touches the ball for only 0.010 seconds. What is the average force on a ball
by 'bat'?
Answer:
v0 = 13 m/s and v = -19 m/s. The impulse equation produces Ft = mvf –
mvO or
F(0,01 s) = (0,25 kg)(-19 m/s) - (0,25 kg) (13m/s)
Then F= -800N

8-24. A 7500 kg truck heading east at 5 m / s, is not loaded with a 1500 kg car,
which is moving in a 30 ° Southwest direction (calculated from the West).
After the collision, the two vehicles stay together. The carcass of the two
cars slammed into which direction and at what speed ?

Picture 8-10
 The momentum before the collision is shown in Figure 8-10 a, while
the momentum after the collision is shown in Figure 8-10 b. The law
of conservation of momentum says that the components in the North
and in the East must be eternal. Then :

(momentum before)east = (momentum after)east

or (7500 kg)(5 m/s) - (1500 kg)[(20 m/s) cos 30°] = Mveast

here M = 7500 + 1500 = 9000 kg, and the veast is the speed component of
car wrecks in the East. Next :
(momentum before)north = (momentum after) north
(7500 g)(0)-(1500 kg)[(20 m/s) sin 30°] = Mvnorth
The first equation produces vTimur = 1,28 m/s;
second equation : vnorth = -1,67 m/s
Resultant speed :
v = V (1,67)2 + (1,28)2 = 2, l m/s.
The angle θ in Picture 8-2 (b) is :

1,67
θ = arctan ----- = 53°
1,28

8-25. Two identical balls collide with a speed of 0.75 m / s and -0.43 m / s
respectively. Collisions are linear (dimension-I) and perfect springy. What
is the speed of each ball after the collision?
Answer:
Suppose the ball mass m. The law of conservation of momentum applies,
then momentum before = momentum after collision or

m(0,75 m/s) + m(-0,43 m/s) = mv1 + mv2

v1 and v2 is the speed after the collision of the two balls. This equation
produces:
Because it is known that this collision is perfect, then in addition to
momentum, kinetic energy is also eternal :

aEK before = EK after a collision or

1/2 m(0,75 m/s)2 + 1/2 m(0,43 m/s)2 = 1/2 mv12 + 1/2 mv22
or
0 747 = 1/2 v2 + v2

From equation (1) obtained v2 = 0.32 – v1 After being loaded into

equation (2) obtained
0,747 = (0,32-v1)2 + v12
Then
2v12 - 0,64v1 - 0, 645 =

0,64 ±Y (0,64) + 5,16

v1= -------------------------------- = 0,16 ± 0,59
4
or
v1 = 0.75 m/s and -0,43 m/s. Fill it in (1): v2 = -0,43 m/s dan 0,75 m/s.
There are two answer choices :
(v1 = 0,75 m/s. v2 = -0,43 m/s)
and
(v1 = -0,43 m/s. v2 = 0,75 m/s)

The first choice cannot be used, because it means that the second speed
does not change: no collisions occur. The right answer is v1 0.43 m / s
and v2 = 0.75 m / s, which means that in a perfectly linear collision
between two identical objects, the two masses are exchanging speeds.

Another way (more appropriate) :

For perfect, linear, springy collisions apply :
v2 – v1 v2 – v1
e =------------ then l =---------------------
u1 – u2 0.75 -(-0.43)
 or
v2 - v1 = 1.18 m/s (3)

Together with formulas (1), v1 and v2 can be found.

8-26. 1 kg balls with a speed of 12 m / s collide with 2 kg balls that move in the
exact opposite direction with a speed of 24 m / s. Determine the speed of
each ball after the collision if (a) e = 2/3, (b) both balls become one. Tc)
the collision is completely supple.
In all three of the above the momentum is eternal, so that it can be written:

momentum before = momentum after the collision

(1 kg)(l2m/s) + (2kg)(-24m/s) = (1 kg)v1 + (2kg)v2
or
- 36 m/s = v + 2v

(a) here e = 2/3 or

2 v2-v1 v2-v1
---------= ----------------=---------------
3 u1 – u2 12-(-24)

or 24 m / s = v2 - v1 Together with the momentum equation above, we get

v2 = -4 m / s and v1 = 28 m / s.
(b) Here v2 = v1 = v, then the momentum equation becomes -36 m/s = 3v
or v = -12 m/s.

3v =-36 m/s or v =-12.m/s

(c) Now e = 1
v2 -v1
or 1 = --------

Namely v2 - v1 = 36 m/s. If this is added to the momentum equation

obtained v2 = 0, then v1 = -36 m/s.
8-27 The ball from a height is dropped and mentally reaches a height of 0.65 h.
What is the coefficient of restitution between the floor and the ball?
Answer:
The initial and final velocity of floors u1 and v1 are zero. To:

Given that EK here changes to EPG, we can write

mgh = 1/2 mu12 dan mg(0,65 h) = l/l mv22

With the downward direction we take it as a positive direction, obtained u2

= V2gh dan v2 =

V 1,30 gh

Fill in the formula e produces :

8-28. The two balls in Figure 8-11 collide according to the picture. (a) What is the
final speed of the 500 g ball if after the 800 g ball collision is known to
have a speed of 15 cm / s? (b) Are those lumps perfect?

Picture 8-11
 (a) The law of conservation of momentum :
(momentum before)x = (momentum after)x

(0,80 kg)(0,3 m/s)-(0,50 kg)(0,5 m/s) = (0,8 kg){(0,15 m/s) cos 30°}
+ ( 0,5 g)vx
then : vx = -0,228 m/s. Also :
( momentum before)y = (momentum after)y
0 = (0,8kg)[(0,15m/s)sin 30°] + (0,5kg)vy
then : vy = 0,120 m/s and

v = V vx2 + vy2 = V (0,228)2 + (0,120)2 = 0,26 m/s

0,120
and 0 = arctan ---------= 28°
0,228

(b) Total EK before collision = 1/2(0,8)(0,3)2 + 1/2(0,5)(0,5)2 = 0,0985

J
Total EK after impact = 1/2(0,8)(0, 15)2 + 1/2(0,5)(0,26)2 = 0,026 J
It appears that EK is reduced, so the impact is not a springy impact
perfect.

8-29. Water is sprayed flat on the glass plate, see Figure 8-12.It is known that vair
= 80 cm / s and 30 cm3 of water about the slab every second. Suppose
water runs parallel to the slab after hitting the slab. One cubic centimeter of
water has one gram of mass. What is the force applied by water to the
plates?

Picture 8-12

Answer:
 The plate impulses water, until the momentum changes. Then act :
(impuls)x = change in directed momentum x.
or Fxt = (mv x)end - (mv x)begin

If we take 1 second, this means that m is the mass of water that

collides with the slab in 1 second, which is 30 grams. Then

Fx(l s) = (0,030 kg(0 m/s) - (0,030 kg)(0,80 m/s) or Fx = - 0,024 N.

This is the force by the slab on the water.For the law of action = -reaction,
then the force of water on the slab is 0.024 N.

8-30. A rocket stands tall on the platform. After the engine is turned on the gas is
dispensed with 1500 kg per second. The speed of the gas molecule turns out
to be 50 km / s. What was the initial mass of the rocket, if the gas burst was
sufficient to lift it slowly leaving its foundation?
Answer:
Remember that compared to the speed (molecule) of gas, the speed of the
rocket may be ignored. In order for a gas molecule to reach such a high
speed (50 km / s) from rest (before it is burned), an impulse is needed, i.e.
F = mvr- mv = m(50000 m/s) - 0
then :
F = (50000 m/s)m/t

But (m/t) 1500 kg/s

then F = (50000 m/s)(1500 kg/s) = 7,5 x 107 N·

This is the force acting on the gas (until the gas bursts out). On the basis of
the action - reaction, this force is also the thrust on the rocket. It can be
concluded that the rocket engine can lift a load of 7, 5 x 107 N, so that the
maximum mass that a rocket can have is

weight 7,5 x 107 N

Mrocket = -------------- = ----------------- = 7,65 x 106 kg
 g 9,8 m/s2

8-31. A helicopter is trying to land on the deck of an aircraft carrier that is

moving at a speed of 17 m / s to the south. The wind speed that was
blowing at that time was 12 m / s to the west. If the helicopter lands
vertically at 5 m / s, calculate (a) the helicopter's relative speed to water (b)
the helicopter's relative speed to air (picture 8-13)
(a) Vhel/wat = Vship/wat + Vhel/wat = 17 j + (-5)k
= 17 J - 5 km/s
(b) Vhel/wat = Vhel/wat + Vair/ud = Vhel/wat - Vhel/wat
= (17 j - 5 k) - 12 i = -12 i + 17 j - 5 ·k m/s

Picture 8-13 Picture 8-14

8-32. Rain is falling and the aim is falling at a vertical angle, having a fixed speed
of 10 m / s. At that time a woman ran in the direction against the rain and
the speed of 8 m / s saw the rain forming an angle B with vertical.
Determine the relationship between a and B (Picture 8-14)
Answer:

vsomeone + vrain sin a 8 + 10 sin a

tg B = ----------- = -----
vrain cos a 10 cos a
8-33. A rifle with a mass of 0.80 kg fires a bullet with a mass of 0.016 kg at a
speed of 700 m / sec. Calculate shotgun speed.
Answer:
At first the rifle and bullet were stationary, so the amount of momentum =
zero. Aftershooting :
bullet momentum = p1 = mpvp = 0 016 x 700
= 11,20 kg-m-det-1
shotgun momentum = P2
p1 + p2 = 0 (the law of conservation of momentum)
So, p2 = - p1 = - 11,20 kg m - det' (opposite to the bullet's momentum)

8-34. Particle a (nucleus He) is emitted at the rate of 1.4 x 107 m / s by the
decaying U238 core, which is initially at rest. Determine the speed
of the remaining bounce core (recoil = Th234)
Answer:
U238 ----------> He4 + Th234
initial momentum = final momentum
0 = Ma Va+ Mthvth

Ma Va 4
vTh = ------------------ = ------------------- x 1,4 x 107 m/det
MTh 234

= - 2,4 x 105 m/det

The minus sign indicates that the Thorium core bounces in the opposite
direction to the direction of the particle.

8-35 A submachine gun is mounted on a slippery vehicle. The mass of the system
(armored vehicle) at a time M. At this time the weapon fired bullets that
were actually m with velocity v. If vehicle speed is V, the bullet speed is
relative to the vehicle: v - V = vrel 'Number of bullets fired per unit time n.
Determine the acceleration of the vehicle and the average reaction force due
to the bullets coming out, if known :

vrel = 500 m/det, m = 10 gram, n = 10 item /det.

M = 200 kg (first of all).

Answer:
The system of weapons and M vehicles has changed, Foutside = 0

Picture 8-15

dv
---- = a = system acceleration
dt

vrel = v - V to left

dM
------ = mn
dt

dv vrel (mn).
a = -------- = + -----------------> Ma = + vrel n m = reaction force on a
dt M vehicle.

So at the moment M = 200 kg :

500.10-2.10
a = + ------------------- = + 0,25 m/det2.
200
 The average reaction force on a vehicle is because of the bullets being
released : F = vrel nm= 500.1O.10-2 = 50 N

8-36 A rocket of 15,000 kg full of fuel is on the launch pad. He was shot
vertically up. When the fuel runs out the mass of the rocket is 5000 kg. The
rate of gas released 150 kg / sec with a speed of 1500 m / sec relative to the
rocket. These quantities are constant as long as there is burning.

Asked :
a). If there are no external forces (weight and air friction), what is the
rocket's speed when the fuel runs out?
b). What is the thrust force?
Answer:
m dv dm
------ = -vr ------------ (Foutside = 0)
dt dt

So the change in rocket speed at each time interval depends only on the
velocity of the gas exit (the direction of the speed opposite the direction
of the gas exit) and on what part of the rocket mass is lost during that
time interval
m 15.000
If V0= 0-------------- = ------------ = 3
m 5.000
 So the speed of the rocket when the fuel runs out = 1500 ln 3 m/det dm
dm
b) Fpush = vrel ------------------ = 1500. 150. N
dt
= 225 x 103 N

Note : Upward force at the start :

Fpush - initial weight

Upward force when fuel runs out :

Fpush - final weight.

8-37. The mass of the rocket is initially 3000 tons, the final mass when the fuel
runs out is 2780 ions.Exit gas rate: 1420 kg / sec. Calculate the maximum
speed (= speed at the momentout of fuel). Gas exit speed 5000 m/det, v0
=0
Jawab:
m0
v = vr 1n------------------ -gt
m

missing m = 220 ton = 220.000 kg.

So:
3000
v = (55000 In--------- - l0.155) m/det --> 2700 m/det
2700
(g is considered constant)
8-38. A rocket has a mass M moving at velocity v (v = 200 m / s), exploding in
the air, breaking into two parts with masses M / 4 and 3M / 4 (Figure8-16).
If the smaller fraction flies in the direction of 60 towards the original
direction of motion at a speed of 400 m / s. Calculate the magnitude and
direction of the other fractional speed.
Answer:
v2 = 231 m/s and θ = 30
 Explosion

......... �,-=+----
occurs her e

Mv
/
I
I
/
I
4
(a) (b)

Picture 8-16

8-39. A baseball is thrown at 17 m / s at the bat. The ball is hit and glides at a speed of 34
m / s and the direction is 60 ° from the original direction (Figure 8-17). If the ball
and bat contact within 0.025 s, calculate the average force applied to the ball by the
bat.

34 m/s

K
,,. .,.. Pr
'\�,;;
t-. '. \

\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\

u.i • 17 m/a

(a) (b)
Picture 8-17
8-40. A rocket launcher has a mass of 4400 kg, fires at rockets that only 110 kg
horizontally and are refused to rise above slippery slopes to a height of 4m
(figures 8-18). Calculate the initial rocket speed.

Answer : 35,4 m/s

E_ t=>
I
5,.1 I
0L

Picture 8-18

8-41. Two putty balls move along the slippery floor. Ball A moves to the left with a
speed of 15 m / s and ball B to the right at a speed of 24 m / s. Ball A and ball
B have the same mass and after the collision, the two balls stick together.
Calculate the speed of the ball after the collision (Picture 8-19)
Answer: 5 m/s

l'6 · 25 ITliS , � ·· IS ml� l'

1--

(a) Before the collision (b) After the collision

Picture 8-19
8-42. Two putty balls of Figure 8-20 collide from the leaning direction and stick
together after the collision. Ball mass A and ball B are the same. speed of
ball A and ball B VA = V8 = 45 m / s, and direction of collision 0 = 45 °.
Calculate the ball speed after the collision.
Answer: 41,58 m/s

}'
y
Before collision After collision

Picture 8-20
8-43. A 4 kg rifle and a 5 kg rifle fire identical bullets with the same muzzle
velocity. Compare the turning momentum and the turning speed of the two
guns.
Answer:
The momentum behind the rifle is the same, but the turning speed is
greater.
8-44. A truck with empty luggage was launched with the engine dead along the
way, when the rain began to fall. Ignore this, what happened to the speed
of the truck?
Answer :
The speed of the truck is reduced and the total momentum remains.

8-45. An 80 kg man jumped horizontally from a 300 kg boat at a speed of 2 m /

s. What is the turning speed of the boat?
Answer: 0,53 m/s
8-46. 4 50 kg girls simultaneously jumped horizontally at 2.5 m / s from the
same side of a boat, so the turning speed was 0, 1 m / s. What is the mass
of the boat?
Answer : 5000 kg
8-47. An empty 100 kg car was launched down a hill and moved along the road
at a speed of 15 m / sec. In order for the car to stop, a 5000 kg truck that is
moving in the opposite direction is collided with it. What is the speed of
the trucks of the two vehicles that blossom after the impact?
Answer : 3 m/s.

8-48. A 50 kg man at rest on a skate wheel caught a 0.6 kg ball that was
moving towards him at 30 m / s. What is the speed moving
backwards as a result of this?
Answer : 0,36 m/s.
8-49. A 1200 kg car with a speed of 10 m / sec following a 1000 kg car that
moves 8 m / sec and collides,
(a) If two cars stick together, what is the final speed ?
(b) How much kinetic energy is lost? What is the percentage of KE
originally?
Answer : (a)·9,09 m/s (b) 1100 J; l,2%
8-50. The car of the question (8-49) moves in the opposite direction and turns
towards each other instead
(a) If they stick together, what is the final speed?
(b) How much kinetic energy is lost? What is the percentage of KE
originally?
Answer: (a) 1182 m/s (b) 88,356 J; 96%
8-51. A 1 kg rock that moves south at a speed of 3 m / sec collides with a
lump of clay that moves west at a speed of 1 m / sec and becomes united
with a lump of clay.
Determine the speed (magnitude and direction) of the joined object
 Answer : 0,97 m/s on 31 ° southward from the west.

8-52. A 2 kg ball that moves to the right at 3 m / s follows and collides with a
4 kg ball that moves to the right with the final speed of the two 4 kg balls
moving to the right at the final speed of the two balls, if the restitution
coefficient is 0,8
Answer : 2,4 m/s ; 2,8 m/s
8-53. A rubber ball is dropped to the ground from a height of 2 m. If the
restitution coefficient is 0.7, determine the height of the bounce ball?
Answer : 0,98 m.
8-54. (a) The rocket is directed upright. What is the minimum thrust force of the
rocket engine so that it can lift it to the base? Rocket mass 2 x 10 5 (b) If
the machine is rockremoving / burning 20 kg of fuel every second, what
is the speed of the burning gas molecule. (Rocket mass is reduced
slightly due to fuel combustion; this may be ignored).
Answer: (a) 19,6 x IOS N; (b) 98 km/s.

8-55. The 2 kg wooden beam rests on a flat table. The 5 kg bullet was fired into
it and remained embedded in the beam. With a bullet with a speed of 150
m / s in a flat plane, it turns out the beam can be moved 270 cm before
stopping.
(a) What is the speed of the block immediately after being shot?
(b) What is the frictional force between the block and the table?
Answer: (a) 0,374 m/s; (b) 0,052 N.
8-56. The 2 kg wooden beam rests on a flat table. Through the hole in the table
leaf just below the beam, 7 g bullets are shot vertically up and stuck in
the beam. Turns out 25 cm raised. What is the speed of the bullet?
Answer : 635 m/s.
8-57. The 6000 kg truck moving north at a rate of 5 m / s collided with another
400 kg truck that was speeding west at a speed of 15 m / s. After the
collision the two trucks stay together; what is the size and direction of
velocity after collision?
Answer: 6,71 m/s, in the 26.6 ° direction the North is calculated from the
West.
8-58. Objects with a mass of 3 kg initially accelerate to 65 emfs and then reduce
to15 cm / s in 0.2 seconds. What is the average drag he suffered?
Answer: 7,5 N.
8-59. A 7 g bullet is fired in a flat direction at a speed of 200 m / s and
penetrates a can with a mass of 150 g. Shortly after being hit, the can has a
speed of 180 cm / s. What is the speed of the bullet after hitting the tin bus
?
Answer : 161 m/s.
8-60. Two balls of the same mass, speed 3 m / s; linear collision. What is the
speed of each other after the collision, if (a) it is known that the two balls
are united; (b) the impact is perfect; (c) the coefficient of collision
restitution is 1/3.
Answer:
(a) 0 m/s;(b) each bounce at 3.0 m / s;
(c) each bounce at a speed of 1 m / s.
8-61. A 6 lb ball with a speed of 10 ft / s collides linearly with a 1 lb ball that is
stationary.Determine the speed of each ball after the impact, if: (a) the two
balls stay united, (b) the impact is perfect, (c) the coefficient of restitution
is 0.90.
Answer: (a) 9 ft/s; (b) 8 ft/s: 18ft/s; (c) 8, 1 ft/s; 17, 1 ft/s.
8-62. The ball is dropped on a flat floor. After the first collision the mental ball is 144 cm high and
after the second collision the mental ball is 81 cm. Determine: (a) the coefficient of restitution
between the ball and the floor: (b) how high will the ball bounce after the third impact?
Answer : (a) 0,75 ; (b) 45,6 cm.
8-63. Point O cross axes of two identical balls collide with each other. Previously the speed
component of the two balls was (u = 40 emfs, u = OJ and (u = -30 emfs; u = 20 cm /s). After the
collision it is known that the first ball is stationary; determine the component of the second ball
speed.
Answer : v = 10 cm/s; v = 20 cmfs.
8-64. Two balls approach each other at sum bu x with a speed of 30 cm / s each. The collision that
occurs is perfectly springy. After the collision of a ball whose speed is known to form an angle
of 30 ° with the x axis. Then determine the speed of the first ball and determine the speed of the
second ball.
Answer : 30 cmfs;30 cmfs at 30 ° below the x-axis (so it's opposite the first ball).
8-65. A particle with a mass of 0.2 kg moves at a speed of 0.4 m / sec along the x axis to hit another
particle with a mass of 0.3 kg and is stationary. After the first particle collision has a speed of
0.2 mfet in the direction of 40 ° with the x-axis.
Determine it :
a. the magnitude and direction of particle II after the collision
b. Changes in the speed and momentum of each particle
c. type of collision
d. L\E.k.
e. restitution coefficient
8-66. Two Adan B trains move closer to each other. At first B was silent while A moved to the right
with a speed of 0.5 mfdet. After collision, A is bounced back with a speed of 0, 1 rn / sec and B
moves to the right with a velocity of 0.3 mfdet. In the second experiment, A was loaded with a
mass of 1 kg and pushed against Bwith a speed of 0.5 mfdet. After the collision A is silent and
B moves to the rightwith a speed of 0.5 mfdet. Determine the mass of Adan B.
8-67. A horizontal grenade moving at a speed of 8 km / dei relative to the earth exploded into 3
equal parts. One continues his horizontal motion at a speed of 16 kmfet. The second moves up
 at an angle of 45 ° and the third moves at an angle of 45 ° below the horizontal. Determine the
speed of speed • the second and third parts.
8-68. A satellite moves horizontally at a speed of 8 km / sec relative to the earth. A 50 kg load is
dropped on earth by firing it horizontally backwards.
What is the velocity of the load relative to the earth immediately after shooting
Calculate the satellite speed after firing the load, if the total mass (including the load) = 450 kg.
8-69. A mass of 20 kg moves under the influence of force:
F = (St) x + (3 t2 - 1 ) y (N). Pada t = 0 stationary objects at the origin
a. Determine the momentum and E. K. objects at t = 0
b. Calculate the impulse and the work done by the force from t = 0 to L = 10 sec.Compare
with answers a.
Give a conclusion.
8-70. A projectile is fired in the direction of 60 ° horizontally and the exit speed of the barrel is 400
m / sec. After reaching the highest point he burst into2 equal parts, one falling vertically.
a. What is the distance from the firing point, the second part hits the ground if the field is flat
horizontal?
b. How much energy is released in the explosion?
8- 71. A bullet with mass m and velocity v penetrates a pendulum with mass M and the velocity of
the bullet has come out 1/2 v. Pendulum load is at the endlength of wire 2. The minimum price
of v for pendulumcan make one full circle?

Picture 8-21.

8-72. The 40000 kg truck drove at 5.0 m / s along a straight narrow road, and collided with another
30000 kg truck that was on strike. The two trucks are fused. What is the speed of the two trucks
after the collision?
 Answer : 2,86 m/s.

8-73. Open carriages that are empty (15 000 kg mass) roll on flat rails at a speed of 5 m / s. Suddenly
5000 kg of coal was dropped into the car from the top right direction (the original coal speed
was zero). What is the final speed of the car?
Answer : 3,75 m/s.

8-74. The market is cured as much as 2000 kg / minute on a flat conveyor tire speed of 250 m /
minute. What force is needed to move the conveyor belt? Consider friction does not exist.
Answer: 139 N.

8-75. Two 8 kg and 4 kg objects move in the x-axis in opposite directions at speeds of 11 m / s and -
7 m / s. After colliding they did not separate. What is the speed of the two objects just after the
collision?
Answer : 5 m/s.

8-76. The 1200 lb cannon mounted above the 8 lb grenade firing train with v = 1800 ft / s in the 30 °
direction in the flat direction. Cannon flinched, what is the horizontal component of the cannon
jerking speed?
Answer : 10,4 ft/s