ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT

Name : NPM :

1. Anisa Ayu Safitri 1811040411

2. Eka Sari Agustine 1811040470
3. Finny Restiana 1811040249
4. One Ampuhan 1811040283
Jur/Kelas/Smt PBI/A/3

ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAINING FACULTY
UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG
2019
Argumentative Essay

 Definition of Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay is a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an
issue. It could be that both sides are presented equally balanced, or it could be that one side is
presented more forcefully than the other. It all depends on the writer, and what side he supports
the most. The general structure of an argumentative essay follows this format:

 Introduction: Attention Grabber / hook, Background Information, Thesis Statement

 Body: Three body paragraphs (three major arguments)

 Counterargument: An argument to refute earlier arguments and give weight to the actual
position

 Conclusion: Rephrasing the thesis statement, major points, call to attention, or concluding
remarks.

 Language Use in Argumentative Text

1. To list arguments in the main body: In the first place, First of all, To start with, To begin with,
Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, Finally, In addition (to this), Furthermore, Moreover, Besides, last
but not least
2. Presenting arguments for: The main/first/most important advantage of ..., One major
advantage of ..., A further advantage ..., One/Another/An additional advantage of ..., One
point of view in favour of ..., It is often suggested/believed/argued that ..., Some/Many
people suggest/feel/argue that ..., Some/Many people are in favour of/are convinced that ...,
3. Presenting arguments against: One major disadvantage of ..., The main/most important
disadvantage/drawback of ..., One/Another/An additional disadvantage of ..., One
point/argument against ..., Some/Many people are against ...,
4. Presenting examples, causes and results: for example/instance, such as, like, in
particular,therefore, for this reason, because, as, since, as a result,
5. To add more points to the same topic: what is more, furthermore, also, in addition to, besides,
apart from this/that, not to mention the fact that, etc.
6. To make contrasting points: on the other hand, however, despite/in spite of (the fact), while,
nevertheless, even though, although, it can be argued that, one can argue that, etc.
7. To conclude: to conclude/sum up, all in all, all things considered, in conclusion, on the
whole, taking everything into account, taking all this into account/consideration, above all, as
was previously stated, etc.
8. Useful Phrases for Writing Argumentative
9. To list points: In the first place, first of all, to start with, in the first place, etc.
10. To add more points: what is more, another major reason, also, furthermore, moreover, in
addition to, besides, apart from this, not to mention the fact that, etc.
11. To introduce conflicting viewpoints: It is argued that, people argue that, opponents of this
view say, there are people who oppose, etc.
12. To express opinion: I believe, In my opinion, I think, In my view, I strongly believe, etc.

 Generic Stucture

Organization of Argumentative Essay

1. Introduction. You can first introduce the problem and give background information necessary
for the argument and the thesis

2. Reasons. It is usually a good idea to spend one paragraph for each reason. Two or three
reasons are typical.

3. Refutation. Depending on the points the writer wants to make, one or two paragraphs are
typical.

4. Conclusion. Restate what the point that you want to be emphasized.

 Steps on Writing Your Argumentative Essay

Step 1 - Choosing A Topic

Whichever style of argument you choose, you will still need to choose an appropriate topic for an
argumentative essay. An argument essay is best served by a topic that can be argued strongly
either for or against. For example, if you want to write an essay on the fact that you really like
hamburgers, that’s not a very good topic, since there’s no strong counter-argument. Your teacher
may have already assigned you a topic, but if they haven’t, consider this curated list of
argumentative essay topics. Choose a topic that you already know something about and one that
you already have an opinion about. That will make it easier to research and to write.

Step 2 - Research

Look for material (books, articles, blogs, documentaries) by credible sources and experts. Read
broadly and take note of the most common issues argued over this topic. When writing your
essay, it’s important to cover the most important and pressing issues, however, look for unique
angles that may not have been thoroughly explored yet. Teachers will like that you took the
initiative to include something original.

Step 3 - Write an Outline

A good outline will help you heaps when it comes to the writing process. If you take time to
write a well-crafted one, all you’ll have to do is fill it in.

 Examples for Argumentative Essays

There are two major models besides this structure given above, which is called a classical model.
Two other models are the Toulmin and Rogerian models.

Toulmin model is comprised of an introduction with a claim or thesis, followed by presentation

of data to support the claim. Warrants are then listed for the reasons to support the claim with
backing and rebuttals. However, the Rogerian model asks to weigh two options, lists strengths
and weaknesses of both options, and gives a recommendation after an analysis

 Example #1: Put a Little Science in Your Life (by Brian Greene)

“ When we consider the ubiquity of cellphones, iPods, personal computers and the Internet, it’s
easy to see how science (and the technology to which it leads) is woven into the fabric of our
day-to-day activities. When we benefit from CT scanners, M.R.I. devices, pacemakers and
arterial stents, we can immediately appreciate how science affects the quality of our lives. When
we assess the state of the world, and identify looming challenges like climate change, global
pandemics, security threats and diminishing resources, we don’t hesitate in turning to science to
gauge the problems and find solutions.

And when we look at the wealth of opportunities hovering on the horizon—stem cells, genomic
sequencing, personalized medicine, longevity research, nanoscience, brain-machine interface,
quantum computers, space technology—we realize how crucial it is to cultivate a general public
that can engage with scientific issues; there’s simply no other way that as a society we will be
prepared to make informed decisions on a range of issues that will shape the future.”
Reference :

https://literarydevices.net/argumentative-essay/

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/AnaAlbi/language-in-argumentative-essays-8221084