background

Acupuncture is a method of therapy with stabbing at points on the surface of the body to treat diseases
or other health conditions. Known since 4000-5000 years ago in China as part of TCM (Traditional
Chinese Medicine). With the advancement of science, medical acupuncture is developing among
medical acupuncture therapy methods based on neuroscience, treating patients with medical principles
and evidence based.

In 1979 the WHO established 43 diseases that could be treated with acupuncture. And in 1991 WHO
integrated the science of acupuncture into conventional medical science, because there was so much
evidence about its benefits and safety. In 2002 WHO supported its member countries to integrate
acupuncture into the national health system by developing and implementing policies and paying
attention to safety, efficacy, quality by expanding knowledge and providing guidelines for regulatory
standards and quality assurance. It also increases the availability of professionals by prioritizing access
for the poor. At this time acupuncture has been practiced in many countries in the world.

In Indonesia, acupuncture began to be recognized in formal health institutions by the establishment of

Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital by the Minister of Health as a Pilot of the Acupuncture Science
Research and Development Project by the Ministry of Health in 1963. Acupuncture Science education
was provided by a teaching team of Chinese Acupuncturists who at that time treated the President
Sukarno to doctors from various sections of FKUI / RSCM (al Internal Medicine, Nerves, Children, ENT,
etc.). To provide acupuncture services to the community, the Internal Medicine Acupuncture Section of
FKUI / RSCM was led by Prof. Dr. Oei Eng Tie. Subsequently developed into the Acupuncture Section,
currently the Department of Acupuncture. As one of the Medical Departments at Dr. Hospital Cipto
Mangunkusumo, the Department of Acupuncture provides services and consultations based on medical
principles and evidence based.

3. THEORY OF ACUPUNTURE

The theory of acupuncture derived from traditional Chinese medicine / medicine is not through the use
of scientific methods, and has received various criticisms based on scientific thought. There is no
anatomical or histological basis that can be physically verified about the presence of acupuncture points
or meridians (acupuncture).

4. TYPES OF ACUPUNTURE

Acupuncture or needling therapy is generally divided into two categories, namely:

a. Medical acupuncture is used to treat common diseases such as digestive disorders, rheumatism,
arthritis, hormonal disorders, migraines, insomnia, sprains, wrong muscle, back pain, stroke, gout, liver,
stroke, sexuality disorders and others.
b. Acupuncture beauty or cosmetics that are devoted to increasing or losing weight, removing pimples
and black spots, reducing wrinkles on the face, treating baldness or hair loss and so on.

5. ACUPUNTURE MECHANISM

The mechanism of action of acupuncture in healing is described as follows, the number of acupuncture
points is approximately 720 points, an area of the skin that contains a lot of nerve fibers. Stimulation at
the acupuncture point will stimulate nerves at that point and will affect various neurotransmitters (brain
chemicals) and biophysical changes. These brain chemicals are believed to be able to maintain the
body's physiological balance in a healthy and stressful state and increase the body's immunity and
resistance (immunity and resistance) to disease.

The stabbing effect occurs through nerve delivery and through humoral / endocrine. In general, the
effect of needle sticking is divided into local effects, segmental effects and central effects:

a. Local effect.

The needle sticking will cause micro injury to the tissue. This causes the release of tissue hormones
(mediators) and causes biochemical chain reactions.

Effects that occur locally include capillary dilatation, increased capillary permeability, changes in the
interstitial environment, nociceptor stimulation, activation of nonspecific immune responses, and
withdrawal of leukocytes and Langerhans cells. This local reaction can be seen as redness in the stabbing
area.

b. Segmental / regional effects.

The acupuncture action will stimulate the Aδ nerve fibers and the stimulation will be transmitted to the
relevant spinal cord segment and to other nerve cells, thereby affecting the adjacent spinal cord
segment.

c. Central effect.

Excitations that reach the spinal cord are also transmitted to the central nervous system through the
brainstem pathway, the substance of the grisea, hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebrum.

Thus the acupuncture pricking which is a micro-invasive action will be able to eliminate the symptoms of
pain that exists, activate the body's defense mechanism, thus restoring homeostasis.

6.BENEFITS OF ACUPUNTURE

a. The acupuncture session works on eliminating the causes of chronic low back pain, arthritis and other
pain. Patients can therefore experience overall physical health and natural healing.
b. The benefits of acupuncture for people who suffer from insomnia and sleep disorders. Rather than
taking drugs that mostly have negative side effects on other body systems, the best way to treat the
condition is acupuncture treatment.

c. Acupuncture also benefits people who are on the road beyond certain addictions such as alcoholism,
smoking addiction and drug addiction.

d. One of the best benefits of acupuncture therapy is that it provides a holistic method of treatment.
Acupuncture deals with all health problems and disorders. Needling acupuncture points helps in
eliminating all possible causes of certain diseases and curing patients effectively.

e. Some people do not suffer from any illness but often experience falls in energy levels due to tension
and anxiety. These people can benefit a lot from acupuncture therapy. Acupuncture makes patients feel
free from stress and relief from anxiety.

f. Acupuncture strengthens the immune system and increases the body's blood circulation. Therefore,
helping patients in preventing disease.

g. Acupuncture treatment is really beneficial for people who experience regular headaches and
migraines. Because acupuncture does not require strong medication at all, it will be best for patients to
reduce pain.

7. SIDE EFFECTS

a. Positive effect

In general, acupuncture or needling is believed to be very efficacious for health or healing disease. The
method used is to thrust fine needles at certain points on the surface of the body. With this method,
patients will get some positive side effects of acupuncture, for example;

- Pain is reduced

- Increased endurance

- Hormone production can be controlled

- The skin and mucous membranes become sensitive

- Increased blood circulation

- Stiff muscles can be completely relaxed

b. Negative effect

In general, acupuncture or needling therapy has no harmful side effects. When the needle is inserted
into the skin, the pain caused is not too disturbing. The pain, aches or aches caused are said to be a sign
of excitement of the patient's nervous system. There is very little possibility of bleeding, except for those
who do have abnormalities in blood hemoglobin.

The danger of infection that may arise, can be minimized by the use of disposable needles. Some
studies also did not find any dangers that could arise regarding the use of needles or this therapy. At
least, this fact shows that the dangerous side effects of acupuncture, which have been questioned, have
not been proven.

8. Contraindications to Acupuncture therapy

As for patients who are not recommended to do acupuncture therapy are:

a. Medical emergencies.

b. Blood clotting disorders.

c. First trimester pregnant women

d. Piercing a tumor or cancer area.

e. Patients who use pacemakers.

f. Piercing the skin that is experiencing inflammation.

9. Indication

Indications for acupuncture include:

a. Various neurological diseases: Stroke, Bell's Palsy, vertigo, tingling sensation in the arm or leg
b. Complementary fertility treatment programs.

c. Various symptoms of pain, such as muscle and bone pain, pain in the face, neck, head, shoulders, back
and limbs. Migraines, pinched nerves, rheumatic and joint pain.

d. Obesity or being overweight.

e. Skin allergies, nose or asthma

f. Symptoms during menstruation (menstrual pain), or during menopause peri

g. Skin cosmetic problems such as spots, acne, other skin disorders

h. Indigestion, stomach, obstipation

i. Difficulty sleeping, depression

j. Metabolic disorders such as diabetes, acid, cholesterol and complications such as pain, tingling.

trends and acupuncture issues: Acupuncture Effects on the Stress Level in Administrative

Job stress affects health

workers, absenteeism and performance at work. Some disturbances

such as insomnia, depression, anxiety, and musculoskeletal disorders

Burnout syndrome often occurs in stressed workers. This

the situation brings economic impacts with high costs for the company and

government.

Given the impact of stress on workers, it is important

to think of interventions to reduce this condition. Acupuncture

meditation and yoga are alternative therapies that are often offered

mind and body practices [8]. Acupuncture has become widespread in Indonesia

last decade in western countries as a treatment for many diseases