COURSE TOPIC OUTLINE IN

FIRE TECHNOLOGY AND

ARSON INVESTIGATION

Prepared by: Marc Christian p. Lazaro

Instructor: Sir William Dela Cruz, RCrim.

Fire – a rapid, self-sustaining oxidation process accompanied by the evolution of heat and light
of varying intensity.
Technology- the branch of knowledge that deals with industry arts and sciences.
Homo erectus- the first discover and utilized fire.
Promotheus- Greek God of fire.
Pyr/Pyra- Greek word of fire.
 Theories of Combustion
A. Fire Triangle Theory
B. Fire Tetrahedron Theory
C. Life Cycle of Fire Theory
 Three Ways to Extinguish Fire:
1. Reduce the temperature (cooling)
2. Cut-off the oxygen supply
3. Remove the fuel
A. Fire Triangle
ELEMENTS OF FIRE:
a. Heat
b. Oxygen
c. Fuel
Fuel Sources:
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
 Common Types of Solids:
A. Bulky B. Finely Divided C. Dust
1. Coal 1. Plastic 1. Saw dust
2. Wood 2. Paper 2. Sugar
 3. Wax 3. Cork 3. Grain
4. Grease 4. Leather 4. Others
 Common Types of Gases:
1. Natural gas
2. Propane
3. Butane
4. Hydrogen
5. Acetylene
6. Carbon monoxide
7. Others
 Common Types of Liquids:
1. Gasoline 6. Paint
2. Kerosene 7. Varnish
3. Turpentine 8. Lacquer
4. Alcohol 9. Olive oil
5. Cod liver oil
B. Fire Tetrahedron
ELEMENTS OF FIRE TETRAHEDRON:
a. Oxygen ( Oxidizing Agent )
b. Fuel ( Reducing Agent )
c. Heat ( Temperature )
d. Self-Sustained Chemical Reaction
 Common Sources of Heat
1. Chemical Energy
2. Electrical Energy
3. Nuclear Energy
4. Mechanical Energy
5. Heat
6. Lights
FIRE DEVELOPMENT
Stages of Fire
- Ignition
- Growth
- Flashover
- Fully-developed
- Decay
THREE(3) STAGES OF FIRE
1. Incipient phase
2. Free burning phase
3. Smoldering phase
MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER
- CONDUCTION
- CONVECTION
- RADIATION

CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE
 BASED ON CAUSE
a. Natural fire/ providential
b.Accidental fire
c. Intentional Fire/ Incendiary
d.Undetermined
 BASED ON BURNING FUEL

- Class A
- Class B
- Class C
- Class D
- Class K
Fire Classes in Asia and Australia;
A- everyday combustibles
B- combustible or combustible liquids
C- combustible gasses
D- combustible metals
E- electrical equipment
F- cooking fats and oils
FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT
Extinguisher Agent
1. Class A- water (all agents)
2. Class B- foam/carbon dioxide (all agents)
3. Class C- carbon dioxide/ powder (never use water, soda acid and foam)
4. Class D- special powder
5. Class K- all agents
METHODS OF EXTINGUISHMENT
1. COOLING
2. SEPERATION
3. SMOTHERING
4. INHIBITION or the interruption of chemical chain reaction
Strategies Used in Firefighting:
1. Locate the Fire
2. Confine the Fire
 3. Extinguish the Fire
4. Exposures
Factors to Consider in Extinguishment:
1. Time
2. Weather
3. Terrain (location)
4. Occupancy (people)
5. Ventilation (used for clearing the bldg. of smoke and gases
Types of Ventilation;
a. Vertical ventilation
b. Cross or horizontal ventilation
c. Mechanical force ventilation
Factors to determine the location for the opening:
1. Location of intensity of fire
2. Highest point on the roof
3. Direction of wind
4. Existing exposure
5. Extent of fire
6. Obstruction
Additional basic Tactics used in Extinguishing Fire
1. Rescue
2. Overhaul
3. Salvage
Types of ladder
1. Ground ladders
2. Aerial ladders
Purpose of Ladders
a. For rescue
b. To stretch line into a fire building
c. To provide ventilation by giving access to places that are hard to reach
Forms of Ground Ladders
a. Wall
b. Extension
c. Hook or straight ladder
d. Attic ladder
LADDER TERMINOLOGY
1. Bed ladder
2. Fly ladder
3. Butt
4. Heel
 5. Halyard
6. Pawl or dog
7. Rung
8. Top or tip
9. Hooks
10. Stops
11. Guides
ARSON INVESTIGATION GUIDE AND PROCEDURES
- ARSON
- INVESTIGATION

Elements of Arson
1. Actual burning took place
2. Actual burning is done with malicious intent
3. The actual burning is done by perso(s) legally and criminally liable
LAWS ON ARSON
1. ARTICLE 320
2. PD 1613
3. RA 7659
4. RA 6975 Sec. 54
What Constitutes Arson?
1. Burning
2. Willfulness
3. Malice
4. Motive
5. Intent
FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Republic Act No. 9514
-Approved on December 19, 2008
-Repealed PD 1185
-known as the “Revised Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008”.

“The Secret of Getting Ahead is Getting Started.”

-Mark Twain