Sound waves

Task of english lesson

By :
Ridwan Pratama Yudha (1717041046)
Dea Amanda (1717041047)

Physics Department
Faculty Mathematic and Natural Science
University Of Lampung
2018
 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

A. Issue background

1.1 Background

Waves are vibrations that propagate, either through the medium or not
through the medium. Any wave propagation requires a medium, such as a
wave of rope through a string and some that do not require a medium
meaning that the wave can propagate through a vacuum, just as a magnetic
wave can travel in a vacuum. The wave propagation in the medium is not
followed by media propagation, but the medium particles will vibrate.
Mathematical formulation of a wave can be derived by reviewing the
propagation of a pulse. Seen from the provision of repetition of the form,
the wave is divided over periodic waves and non-periodic waves.

Based on the source of vibration, without the intermediate medium, waves

can be classified into two categories, mechanical waves and
electromagnetic waves. Sound is a mechanical wave in the direction of its
propagation parallel to the direction of vibration (longitudinal waves).
Sound waves are longitudinal mechanical waves. This means that sound
requires a medium to propagate. Medium sound propagation can be either
solid or fluid (a flow agent, including liquids and gases). The particles of
materials that transmit such a wave oscillate in the direction of the
propagation of the wave itself.
There is a large frequency range which can produce longitudinal
mechanical waves and sound waves are limited by the frequency range
that can stimulate the ear and the human brain to the sensation of hearing.
This range is about 20 cycles / second (or 20 Hz) to about 20,000 Hz and
is called audible range. The human perception of sound is related to the
characteristics of the perceived sound. In general there are two
characteristics of sound that can be perceived by humans, namely the
sound-loud sound and high low sound. loud sounds are related to the
amplitude and energy of the sound wave

1.2 Problem Formulation

What are the sound traits?

What is a sound spectrum: fundamental and harmonic?
What is a rhythm note?
 What is sound reproduction and noise?

1.3 Purpose of Writing

Knowing the notion of sound waves, the nature of the sound, and the
spectrum of sounds and explanations.

1.4 Benefits of Writing

Adding knowledge of wave physics and optics, especially regarding sound

waves that are expected to facilitate the process of lectures
 CHAPTER II. DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition of Sound Waves

Sound or sound is a longitudinal wave that propagates through the

medium, generated by mechanical vibration and is the result of energy
propagation. The sound source as a vibrating source emits longitudinal
waves in all directions.

Sound waves consist of air molecules that never creep but vibrate
back and forth. Each time, the molecules jostle in several places, resulting
in a high pressure area, but elsewhere stretching, resulting in a low
pressure region.
High and low pressure waves alternately move in the air,
spreading from the sound source. That is the reason why Sound Waves are
longitudinal waves. Sounds experience wave symptoms such as
interference, reflection, refraction and diffraction. Sound is a mechanical
wave because it can only propagate through a medium (solid, liquid or
gas) and can not propagate in a vacuum.

The sound travels in the air at a speed of 1,224 km / hour. The

sound will propagate more slowly if the temperature and air pressure are
lower. In thin and cold air at a height of more than 11 km, the speed of
sound is 1,000 km / hour. On the water, its speed is 5,400 km / h, much
faster than in the air.

Sometimes the frequency heard by the observer changes suddenly

when the source of the sound (eg car horn) moves closer to or away from
by a silent observer. This phenomenon is known as the Doppler Effect, ie
the difference in frequency received by the listener with the original
frequency of the source of the relative vibration between the listener and
the sound source. When the position between the observer and the source
approaches each other, the observer hears the higher frequency, and when
the position is away each other then the observer hears the lower
frequency. And this phenomenon was successfully explained by the
physicist Christian Johann Doppler (1803-1855) in 1842.

2.2 Sound Characteristics

A branched tone produces a weak and unattractive sound. This is

because the branch vibrates like an electric current generating device,
producing a simple sine wave. Sound made by humans and musical
instruments more complicated, both waves have the same frequency or
peak, but the sound is very different. The elaborate waves are the waves
generated by using the principle of the positional positions of the waves of
an additional range of frequencies.

The shape of the waves depends on the relative frequency

amplitude. in terms of musical comedy, differs between the 2 waves called
the color of the tone, the tone, or the nature of the tone

Sound properties include:

Merambat needs medium

It is a longitudinal wave
Can be reflected
Sound Characteristics there are several kinds, among others:

Tone is a regular frequency sound.

Wheezing is an irregular sound.
The color of the sound is a sound of the same frequency but sounds
different.
Dentum is a sound that amplitude is very large and sounded
sudden.
Hurry up the sound

Because the sound is a wave, the sound has a fast propagation that
is influenced by 2 factors, namely:

Medium particle density through which sounds. The closer the

arrangement of the medium particles the faster the sound creeps, so that
the sound travels most quickly on solids.
Temperature medium, the hotter the medium temperature through
the faster the sound creeping. This relationship can be formulated into a
mathematical equation (v = v0 + 0.6.t) where v0 is the rapid propagation at
zero degrees and t is the temperature of the medium.

Recharging sounds are divided into 3 kinds:

The reflected sound amplifies the original sound of a reflective

sound that can amplify the original sound. Usually occurs in the state
between the sound source and the reflected wall the distance is not so far
(less than 10 meters).
 An echo is a reflective sound that sounds almost simultaneously
with the original sound. Usually occurs at a distance of 10 to 20 meters.
An echo is a reflective sound that sounds after the original sound.
Usually occurs at a distance of more than 20 meters
Difference between Tone with wheeze, Tone is a sound that has a
regular frequency whereas Desah is a sound that has irregular frequencies.

2.3 Types of Sound Waves

According Ruwanto (2007) concluded that, "sound waves can be

grouped into three namely infrasonic waves, audio waves (audiosonik) and
ultrasonic waves".

Infrasonic Waves
Infrasonic waves are sound waves whose frequency is less than 20
Hz. This wave can not be detected by the human ear. for example
infrasonic wave sources such as earthquakes (seismic activity) and
volcanic activity (volcanic activity). Infrasonic waves of seismic or
volcanic activity are also capable of being detected by nearby animals.
Therefore, usually before the occurrence of disasters in the form of
erupting volcanoes or earthquakes, the animals first migrate or move from
that location. Although not able to detect it, it turns out humans have a
certain reaction to the presence of infrasonic waves. Some research experts
suggest that someone who is around infrasonic waves will tend to feel
anxious, anxious, horrified and feel something of an emotional weirdness.
 CHAPTER III. FINAL

3.1. Conclusion

Sound waves are longitudinal mechanical waves. Sound waves are

grouped into 3, ie infrasonic waves, audio waves and ultrasonic waves.
Infrasonic waves are waves whose frequency is less than 20 Hz. This wave
can not be heard by humans. Audio waves are waves that can be heard by
humans. This wave has frequencies between 20 Hz to 20 KHz. Ultrasonic
waves are frequencies greater than 20 KHz. this wave can not be heard by
humans.

Characteristics of sound are characterized by loud and high sounds.

The loudness of sound depends on the size of the amplitude of the sound
waves. Sound waves can be reflected (reflected), refracted, flexed and
absorbed. Like waves in general, sound waves also experience
interference. Sound incision occurs when two equal and nearly equal
sounds are joined, a kite is defined as two weak sounds or two strong
sounds. Doppler effect on sound waves occurs when there is a relative
motion between the listener and the sound source.

3.2. Suggestion

For readers can add can add insight and can provide constructive
criticism for the author.
For educational institutions expected to be able to apply in
learning.
For the research institute is expected to produce a better discovery