INGLES MECANICA I

ENME 01

SECTION 6:
PETROL MAKES A CAR GO
FASTER THAN DIESEL
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Section 6 : Petrol makes a car go faster than
diesel..

5.1.1.- Identifica expresión de procesos en

acción en el manual, expresados mediante
5.1.- Descubre significados, a presente continuo y de consecuencias a
partir de la correcta futuro, mediante presencia de will o going
interpretación de claves to.
morfosintácticas presentes en el 5.1.2.- Traduce artículos, a fin de
texto de la especialidad.
comprender estructuras con variedad de
5.2.- Interpreta manuales de la tiempos verbales, a partir de los elementos
especialidad, en base a su morfosintácticos presentes en el texto de la
reconocimiento de adjetivos especialidad.
regulares e irregulares en sus
formas comparativas o
superlativas.

Estructura verbal de presente simple. Estructura verbal en

presente continuo. Formas verbales con will o going to. Frases.
Párrafos. Comparativos y superlativos aplicados a sustantivos del
área.
La traducción del texto técnico. Correcta traducción de
sustantivos del texto técnico pre modificados por un sustantivo;
collocation noun + noun. Frases en el texto técnico con
sustantivos pre-modificados
Frases en el texto técnico con sustantivos post modificados.

Simple Present Tense

The simple present (also present simple) is used to talk about:

(1) regular or routine events;

(2) machinery / equipment / car descriptions;
(3) processes
(4) definitions.
+S? +ES?

Singular subject : The piston moves up and down.

Plural subject : The pistons move up and down

-s -es -ies
Equivalente en
español
Drive Drives Conduce
Break Breaks Rompe
Strike Strikes Golpea
Loosen Loosens Afloja
Go Goes Va
Pass Passes Pasa
Watch Watches Observa
Wash Washes Lava
Fix Fixes Repara
Fly Flies Vuela
Deny Denies Niega
Verify Verifies Verifica
Modify Modifies Modifica
Classify Classifies clasifica

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Exercise 6-1 Replace the words in italics with a word from the box in the correct form. Remember to
add –s, -es, -ies, if needed.

convert extract operate receive transmit

1. How do you work this machine? __________________

2. The sensor sends signals to the receiving unit. __________________

3. The chief mechanic doesn’t get any complaints. __________________

4. Can you change metres into feet? __________________

5. The most common way to get fuel is by taking oil out from oil wells in oils fields

__________________
Routines
Exercise 6-2 Find these things in the pictures.

a) crane b) underwater pipe c) fire drill

Exercise 6-3 Write questions and answers about these people. What are they doing today? What do
they usually do?

1 What is Sven doing today?

He is repairing an underwater pipe.

2 What does Sven usually do?

He trains sub-sea engineers.

3 What is Hans doing today?

__________________________________
____________________

4 What does Hans usually do?

__________________________________
____________________

5 What is Eric doing today?

_____________________________
_________________________

6_________________________________
_____________________?

He checks the electrical equipment .

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Do you know these everyday objects in your job? Tell your teacher about them.

The first picture shows a graph. The graph line is curved.

The next picture shows an engine block. The block is cracked.
The third picture shows a filter. The filter is unattached.

Exercise 6-4 Look at pictures four, five and six. Complete the sentences below.

4. The …………………………..… picture ………………….…………a wheel gun.

5.The ……………………….is made of rubber.

6. The ……………………………shows a ……………………………………coolant.

7. The gallon ……………………………………………….…(label).

8. The ………………………………………………………………shows a toolbox.

9. ………………………………………………………………..…………(lock).

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Descriptions
Internal Parts of a car
Exercise 6-5 Complete the text with words from the diagrams. Some are used more than once.

On a front-wheel drive vehicle, the (1) engine is at the front of the car, between the two

wheels. Two (2)_____________________ drive the front wheels.

The (3)_____________________ is at the rear of the car, between the rear wheels and below

the passenger seat. It holds fuel for the engine. A (4)_____________________ carries fuel

below the car to the (5)_____________________ at the front. The (6)___________________

on the instrument panel shows the quantity of fuel in the (7)_____________________.

Each wheel is fitted with (8)_____________________. When the footbrake is pressed, the

(9)_____________________ slow the moving car. At rest, the handbrake stops the car from

moving.

The car’s exhaust system has a (10)_____________________ and an (11)______________.

The function of the (12)_____________________ is to reduce the noise from the engine. The

(13)_____________________ carries exhaust gases from the engine under the car between

the two rear wheels to the exit point at the rear.

Exercise 6-6 Match the parts with their functions.

1 silencer _______ a) slow and stop the wheels

2 fuel gauge_______ b) carries fuel to the engine from the fuel tank

3 engine _______ c) measures the fuel in the tank

4 pipeline _______ d) holds the fuel for the car

5 brakes _______ e) carries the exhaust gases to the rear of the car

6 drive shafts _______ f) makes the car quieter

7 fuel tank _______ g) turns the drive shaft

8 exhaust pipe _______ h) turn the wheels of the car

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Functions
NOUNS ENGINES COOLING COOLING AND
(vehicle) NOUNS AND HEATING
HEATING (VERBS)
(NOUNS)
Benefit Cam Coil Absorb
Buoy Compression Compressor Compress
Energy Crankshaft Condenser Condense
resource
Fossil fuel Cylinder Cycle Decompress
Pendulum Exhaust port Evaporator Displace
VERBS Exhaust valve expansion Evaporate
Oscillate Explosion Fluid Expand
Reciprocate Force High pressure Extract
ADJECTIVE Hydrogen Operation Melt
(ALL)
Geotermal Ignition Principle operate
Linear Inlet Reaction Reverse
Oscillating Intake port Refrigerant Solidify
Reciprocating Intake valve Refrigeration Transfer
Rotary Internal- Upthrust
ADVERBS combustion
(ALL) engine
Anti-clockwise Piston
Clockwise Spark plug
Rapidly Stroke
Simultaneously Torsion
Top dead Vacuum
centre VERBS
(TDC) Compress
Expand
ignite

Exercise 6-7 Label the diagram with nouns from column 2.

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Four – stroke diesel engine

Exercise 6-8 Write the heading for the operation of a four-stroke diesel engine. Find letters for parts in
the diagram and write them in the text.

Intake stroke. Air (1) D alone is drawn into the cylinder (2) through the intake port (3) _______

by the vacuum created by the descending piston (4) _______.

Compression stroke. The intake valve (5) _______ closes and the piston ascends (6) _______.

Air is compressed in the top of the cylinder (7) _______ and is heated to 700-900° C.

Combustion stroke. Diesel oil (8) _______ is injected into the top of the cylinder by the oil

injector (9) _______. It mixes with the compressed air above the piston. Combustion drives the

piston down wards, and turns the crankshaft (10) _______.

Exhaust stroke. The exhaust valve (11) _______ opens. Exhaust gases (12) _______ are

pushed out of the cylinder through the outlet port (13) _______ by the rising piston.

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Exercise 6-9 Match the part of the car with its function.

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Exercise 6-10 Match these descriptions of a 4x4 vehicle.

1 it has a long wheelbase a) it can drive a long way on one tank of petrol
2 it has low fuel consumption b) it can pull another vehicle or trailer easily
3 it has high clearance c) the petrol tank is very big
4 it has strong towing power d) the drive shaft is long
5 it has large fuel capacity e) the driver can see clearly all around
6 it has good driver visibility f) there’s a lot of space between the ground and
the chassis

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Functions and Processes
Learn these verbs. Use your dictionary:
cool lubricate
push flow
known refer
use is

Engine components
An oil pump a cooling system
A water pump a lubricating system
A sump moving parts
A passage metal pipe
An oil passage

Prepositions
From…….to
through

Exercise 6-11 Use the description of the cooling system to complete the description of the lubricating
system; refer to Figure A and B and the lists above.

Most cars use water to cool the engine. Water flows from the radiator through a system of
water passages and rubber hoses. A water pump pushes the water round. This system is
known as the cooling system. (See Fig.A)
Cars use ___________ to lubricate the ___________. Oil _________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________(See Fig. B)

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The Present Continuous
The present continuous is used to talk about (1) things happening now; (2) things happening
temporarily around now; (3) plans or intentions for the near future.

I am pressing the brake pedal now.

You /We/They are breaking the safety rules.
He / She is turning the steering wheel.
The car (It) is moving to the left.

Things happenning now.

What’s Sebastian doing now?

a) He’s cutting a body panel.
b) He’s painting the car with a paint-sprayer.
c) He’s assessing the damage.
d) He’s straightening the metal frame.
e) He’s sanding the filler.
f) He’s fitting the new parts to the car.
g) He’s welding the panel to the body.
h) He’s labelling the parts that he can reuse.
i) He’s masking the paintwork with masking tape
j) He’s flattening the dents.
k) He’s dismantling the front of the car.
l) He’s putting on body filler.

Exercise 6-12 Write the –ing form (present continuous) of the verbs on the correct line.

assess / connect / cut / dismantle / fit / flatten / grip / hit / label /

measure / pull / push / put / raise / slide / straighten / use / wipe

1 Add – ing: assessing, ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________,

2 Double the last letter and add –ing: cutting, ___________,__________,

___________,___________, ___________

3 Drop the –e and add –ing: dismantling, ___________,___________,___________,

___________, ___________

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Exercise 6-13 Match the actions with the verbs in the box.

BEND / COMPRESS / CUT / DROP / HEAT / SCRATCH / STRETCH / STRIKE

Exercise 6-14 Transform each of these verbs into gerunds. Follow the rules mentioned above

Bend ……bending……… Scratch ……………………

Compress …………………… Stretch……………………
Cut …………………… Strike ……………………
Drop ……………………
Heat ……………………

Exercise 6-15 Complete the text, using the verbs in the present continuous.

CUT / DO / PAINT / PUT / REMOVE / REPLACE / SAND / USE / WELD

The first repair job won’t take long. The mechanic is (1) doing a patch repair on the
bonnet. He’s (2) ____________ a small patch of filler onto the fiberglass bonnet.
Now, he’s (3) ____________ the patch with a sanding block. Now he’s (4) )
____________ the repaired bonnet with some paint. Job done!. The second job will
take longer. Look at that damaged door frame. First, he’s (5) ) ____________ the
corrosion. He’s (6) ) ____________ a sanding disk. Now, he’s (7) ) ____________
out the corroded section with a power tool. Finally, he’s (8) ) ____________ a new
bar to the chassis, so the chassis will stay rigid. The third job has the most damage,
but will be the easiest. Look at the nearside rear panel. Watch. He’s (9) )
____________ the damaged panel with new one.

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What are these people doing?
Exercise 6-16 Describe the pictures using the verbs in the box in the present continuous tense.

activate carry examine insert put raise

receive replace rotate run step strip

1 He’s replacing the spark plugs. (B)

2 They’re carrying some batteries. (K)

3 She’s ___________________________________________________ the wheel.

4 They __________________________________________________the generator.

5 She ____________________________________________________off the old paint.

6 He_____________________________________________________ the alarm.

7 He ______________________________________________________a key.

8 She ____________________________________________________a training course.

9 He ______________________________________________________the car.

10 She __________________________________________________on the alarm pad.

11 He ______________________________________________________on a fire suit.

12 She____________________________________________________ a mobile signal.

Exercise 6-17 Read this dialog. Underline the present continuous tense.

Julia: Hi, Charles. What’s the matter?

Charles: Oh! My car isn’t working. I’m waiting for a tow-truck.
Julia: Do you have a ride home?
Charles: Yes, my wife is coming to get me.
Julia: That’s good. Do you live near here?
Charles: I live downtown, with my parents.
Julia: Do you have a car?
Charles: I don’t need a car. I walk to work.
Julia: You’re lucky!!!

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(Simple Present) v.s. (Present continuous).

(Habitual activities) v.s. (Temporary activities).

Exercise 6-18 Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1. The wheel-jack mechanics lower / raise the car off the ground.

2. They put the new wheel on the car and tighten / loosen the nuts.

3. You pull / press the cord to start the motor.

4. I report to / supervise a team of five technicians.

5. John operates / replaces the machines and checks them daily for any

problems.

6. Fran Neumann is working / works for a car manufacturing company in

Santiago. He is visiting / visits a factory in Buenos Aires this week.

7. They are planning / plan to go to Brazil this year. They are having / have

their car annual meeting in August every autumn.

8. I normally am operating / operate the drilling equipment, but I am training /

train new pump man at the moment.

9. I am / hope to meet the chief mechanic next week. We are discussing / are

going to discuss the new pit stop procedures.

10. They want to make / are making a new robot. They finish / are finishing it

by next year.

The new pit stop procedures

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…..but the forklift truck is NOT working.

the truck

the car is not going faster

But
the engines

those pumps are not working properly

the forks

Exercise 6-19 There’s a problem with the forklift truck. Say what’s going wrong.

“I’m pressing the pedal, but the truck is

not going faster.”

1. The truck driver is pressing (press) the accelerator truck, but the truck is not going

(not go) faster.

2. He ______________________ (pull) the lever back, but the forks

______________________________________________________(not rise).

3. The chief mechanic ______________________(push down) the brake pedal, but

the truck _______________________________________________(not slow).

4. Mario ______________________(slide) the lever forwards, but the forks

__________________________________________________(not tilt) upwards.

5. Sebastian ______________________(pull) the direction lever backwards, but the

truck___________________________________________________(not reverse).

6. Alfredo ______________________(move) the direction lever forwards, but the truck

____________________________________________________(not go) forwards.

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Check your vocabulary
Exercise 6-20 Guess the device from its description. There’s one extra option.

1 This item covers the head and protects it. Skateboarders use it

2 This tool has handles and jaws. It can grip nuts and bolts. It pulls nails out.

3. This equipment converts ( or changes) sunlight into electricity.

4. You rotate these items onto bolts. You tighten them with a spanner.

5. This item receives radio and TV signals. You can see it on a house or a car.

Exercise 6-21 Identify the equipment from the description

1. It converts energy from the Sun into heat or electricity thermostat

2. It pushes water around a water supply system, or around a car engine.
3. It blows cold air onto a car radiator and cools the water inside it.
4. It controls the temperature of water or air in a heating or cooling system.

pump Solar panel

fan

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Exercise 6-22 Match 1 – 5 with a – e.

1 Open a the engine.

2 Remove and replace b the cover.
3 Plug in c the lever.
4 Turn on d the lead.
5 Pull e the fuse.

Fig 1. A Voltmeter Basic components

Fig 2. A fuse external and internal components

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Comparatives
Observe these four structures to compare steel and cast iron.

Steel Cast iron

Steel is as useful as cast iron

almost as useful as
almost as useful a material as

Steel is stronger than cast iron

far stronger
slightly stronger
more expensive
much more expensive

Cast iron is weaker than steel

less expensive
a much less expensive material
a much less expensive material to produce

Cast iron is not so expensive as steel

not quite so expensive
not quite such an expensive material
not quite such an expensive material to produce

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Exercise 6-23 Read this passage, and then complete the sentences below:

There are three main materials used in making pipes: metal, rubber and plastic. Metal is
stronger than rubber or plastic. It is also heavier and more rigid than rubber or plastic.
Rubber is the most flexible of the three materials, but it is also the weakest. The lightest
of the three materials is plastic. It is also the less expensive than either or rubber.

Exercise 6-24 Now complete these sentences. Use the correct form of one of the words in brackets.
Example : (a) Rubber is weaker than metal or plastic.

(a) Rubber is ___________than metal or plastic. (strong / weak)

(b) Rubber is also ______ _______than the other two materials. (flexible / rigid)

(c) The ___________ of the three materials is metal. (strong / weak)

(d) The ________ ___________ of the three material is plastic (expensive)

(e) Plastic is ___________than metal. (heavy / light)

(f) Metal is the ___________ of the three materials. (heavy / light)

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Exercise 6-25 Use the picture and the words in the box to complete the text.

greatest softest quickest

smallest hardest slowest

Hard steel is the hardest material in the table. Drills for hard steel have the
(1)__________ point angle and the (2)__________ helix angle. They have the
(3)__________ spiral.
Aluminum is the (4) __________ material in the table. Drills for alluminum have the
(5)__________helix angle and the (6)__________point angle. They have the
(7)__________spiral.

_
Types of drill for different metals

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Exercise 6-26 Tick the words and phrases that you remember. Check the others in your dictionary.

NOUNS NOUNS (other) VERBS ADJECTIVES

(vehicle)
4x4 Catalogue Board classic
accelaration coin cancel coal-fired
cab hire complain external
clearance mode cruise normal
combination nanometre idle portable
consumption nanotube tow rapid
cruising nuclear power rechargeable
speed
diesel propeller standard
dimensión purchase unleaded
fleet recommendation IRREGULAR
idle speed strength COMPARATIVES
luggage tender AND
performance transistor SUPERLATIVES
petrol weakness better
roof rack wingspan best
steel wheel world record worse
rim worst
storage farther
capacity farthest
trailer further
van furthest
vehicle more
wheelbase most
less
least

Exercise 6-27 Label the parts of the vehicle with words from the Word list # 2

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Exercise 6-28 Choose the correct comparative expression in the text.

Which is the better fuel for a car? is it petrol or diesel? Petrol is (1) more common / commoner because

it makes a car go (2) faster / more fast than diesel. It’s also much (3) less noisy / less noisier than

diesel. Diesel usually costs less than petrol, and you can travel for more

kilometers per litre, because diesel has about 10% more energy per litre

than petrol. But diesel engines are (4) more noisy / noisier and (5)

heavier / more heavy than petrol ones, although they last longer. From

an environmental point of view, diesel oil is(6) more good / better than

petrol, because the exhaust from diesel engines produces less pollution. It’s also (7) more safe / safer.

Because diesel is (8) combustibler / more combustible than petrol, it’s less likely to catch fire in an

accident. A newer fuel; LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas), makes cars go as fast as petrol, but produces less

energy per liter. However, LPG is becoming very popular in some countries because it’s the (9) least

harmful / less harmful / most harmful to the environment compared with diesel or petrol. Of the three

types of fuel (LPG, petrol and diesel) , cars that use LPG emit the (10) most small / smallest amount of

pollution from their exhaust. LPG is also the (11) cleanest / most cleanest / least clean when you’re

filling the car, because the gas is completely sealed. There are two more strengths of LPG: it’s the (12)

quietest / most quiet fuel, and the (13) most expensive / least expensive of the three. LPG engines

are about the same weight as petrol ones, but they’re much (14) more durable / less durable.

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 Part 6 Answer Key
Exercise 6-1: : 1 operate 2 transmits 3 receive 4 convert 5 extracting

Exercise 6-2 a) pumps b)sub-sea engineers c) electrical equipment

Exercise 6-3: Answers may vary: 3 He’s operating a crane. 4. He maintains the pumps. 5 He’s checking
the electrical equipment. 6 What does Eric usually do?

Exercise 6-4: 4. fourth / shows. 5 handle 6. Fifth / gallon of. 7 is labelled. 8. Sixth picture. 9 the toolbox is
locked.

Exercise 6-5: 2 drive shafts. 3 fuel tank. 4 pipeline. 5 engine. 6 fuel gauge. 7 fuel tank. 8 brakes 9 brakes.
10 silencer. 11 exhaust pipe. 12 silencer. 13 exhaust pipe.

Exercise 6-6: 1 f, 2c, 3g, 4b, 5a, 6h, 7d, 8e.

Exercise 6-7: 1 internal combustion engine; 2 cam; 3 exhaust port; 4 exhaust valve; 5 spark plug; 6
cylinder; 7 crankshaft; 8 piston; 9 intake valve.

Exercise 6-8: : 1D; 2 A; 3 C; 4 B; 5 E; 6 G; 7 F, 8 I ; 9 H; 10 J; 11 L ; 12 K; 13 M.

Exercise 6-9: steering wheel – used by the driver…/ exhaust manifold – carries waste gases… / radiator –
cools water… / Fuel tank – holds fuel. / brake line – connects the brake cylinder… / silencer
/ muffler – reduces the exhaust noise / battery – stores electricity / clutch – disconnects the
engine from the gearbox while … / differential – ensures that the rear wheels… / engine –
provides the power… / brake cylinder – holds brake fluid… / accelerator - makes the car go
faster… / distributor – sends an electric current to the spark plugs… / alternator – produces
electricity… /

Exercise 6-10: 1d; 2a; 3f; 4b; 5c; 6e

Exercise 6-11: …oil / …moving parts / … flows from the sump through metal pipes. The oil pump
pushes the oil round. This system is known as the lubricating system.

Exercise 6-12: 1. connecting, flattening, pulling, pushing. 2 fitting gripping, hitting, labelling, putting. 3.
measuring, raising, sliding, using, wiping

Exercise 6-13: 1 scratch; 2 compress; 3 stretch; 4 bend; 5 strike; 6 drop; 7 cut; 8 heat

Exercise 6-14: COMPRESSING, CUTTING, DROPPING, HEATING, SCRATCHING, STRETCHING,

STRIKING

Exercise 6-15: 2 putting; 3 sanding; 4 painting; 5 removing; 6 using; 7 cutting; 8 welding: 9 replacing

Exercise 6-16: 3. Rotating (I); 4. Examining (C); 5. Stripping (E) ; 6. activiting (J); 7. Inserting (L) ; 8.
Running (F); 9 raising (A); 10. Stepping (G); 11. Putting (D); 12 receiving (H).

Exercise 6-17 : isn’t working; I’m waiting for; is coming;

Exercise 6-18: 1 lower / 2 tighten / 3 pull / 4 supervise / 5 operates / 6 works, is visiting / 7 are planning,
have / 8 operate , am training / 9 hope to , are going to discuss 10 are making, are finishing

Exercise 6-19: 2 is pulling, are not rising. 3. Is pushing down, is not slowing. 4 is sliding are not tilting. 5 is
pulling / is not reversing 6. Is moving , is not going

Exercise 6-20: 1 helmet; 2 pliers; 3 solar panel; 4 nut; 5 antenna

Exercise 6-21: 1 solar panel; 2 pump; 3 fan; 4 thermostat

Exercise 6-22:
1 b
2 e
3 d
4 a
5 c

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Exercise 6-24: a stronger / b more flexible / c strongest / d least expensive / e lighter / heaviest

Exercise 6-25: 1 greatest; 2 smallest; 3 slowest; 4 softest ; 5 greatest; 6 smallest; 7 quickest

Exercise 6-26: 1 trailer; 2 luggage; 3 storage capacity; 4 roof rack; 5 4x4; 6 steel rim wheel; 7 wheel base;
8 clearance; 9 cab

Exercise 6-28: 1 more common; 2 faster; 3 less noisier; 4 noisier; 5 heavier; 6 better; 7 safer; 8 more
combustible;
9 least harmful; 10 smallest ; 11 cleanest; 12 quietest; 13 least expensive; more durable

End of Section 6

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