List of BE based on Tenses

Tense BE
Simple present: is/am/are
Present continuous: is/am/are being
Simple past: was/were
Past continuous: was/were being
Present perfect has/have been
Past perfect had been
Present perfect continuous has/have been being
Future will be
Futute Continuous will be being
Future perfect will have been
Future perfect continuous will have been being

CHAPTER V
EXPOSING PARTS WITHIN POWER PLANTS

5.1. Objective (s)

After studying this lecture students should be able to:
a. expose kinds of power plants
b. expose parts wihin power plants.
c. practice question and answer in passive voice to expose power plants.

5.2. Language Points

What is a hydroelectric dam built for?
A hydroelectric dam is built as a water reservoir for the potential energy of the water
retained in the dam to drive a water turbine which in turn drives an electric generator.
What is photovoltaic cell used for for?
Photovoltaic cell is used as a solar panel to generate electricity from solar energy.
What is a generator composed by?
A generator is composed by certain components to generate electricity.
5.3. Examples of power plant exposition within passives
Many energy sources are used in this centuary to support human life.

Natural flow of water is used in micro hydro to generate electricity.

Boiler is applied in power plants to produce high pressured steam to generate electricity.

Uranium is used in nuclear power plant.

A nuclear reactor coolant is used to remove heat from the nuclear reactor core and transfer
it to electrical generators and the environment.

That hydrogen can be released from the reactor core and containment vessel.

5.4. Exercises
Change each sentence into passive voice
1. People use limited natural flow of water for pico hydro installations below 5 KW.
2. People combine micro hydro systems with solar PV power systems in many areas.

3. People use boilers in power plants to produce high pressured steam.

4. People design boiler better for a lower fuel requirement, lower costs and lower
emissions of pollutants.
5. Nuclear power creates advantages and disadvantages.
6. People build nuclear power stations on the coast.
7. The reactor uses Uranium rods as fuel.
8. People use a nuclear reactor coolant to remove heat from the nuclear reactor core and
transfer it to electrical generators and the environment.
9. The fuel rods create high temperatures which boil water then turn water to steam.
10. The reactor releases hydrogen from the reactor core and containment vessel.

5.5. Assessment
Sentence completion
Use correct form form given verbs by considering each sentence context
1. A dam is a structure _____________________ (build) across a river or stream to
hold back water.
2. Man-made dams create artificial lakes _________________ (call) reservoirs.
 3. A hydroelectric dam ____________________ (use) the potential energy of the water
retained in the dam to drive a water turbine which in turn drives an electric generator.
4. The available energy ___________________ (depend) on the head of the water
above the turbine and the volume of water flowing through it.
5. Turbines are usually reaction types whose blades ___________________
(submerge) fully in the water flow.
6. An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy
____________________ (obtain) from an external source into electrical energy as
the output.
7. The modern-day generator _________________ (work) on the principle of
electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael
8. Solar cells _______________________ (convert) the energy in sunlight to electrical
energy.
9. If the contacts are connected with a conductive wire, current __________________
(flow) from the negative to positive contact.
10. Heat exchangers commonly found in boilers _____________ (allow) boiler to heat
the water that is then pumped through radiators to warm your home.
11. Several photovoltaic cells are electrically connected together to form a photovoltaic
module ____________________ (increase) the output of electricity.
12. Coal ___________________ (be) the most polluting energy source due to its high
proportion of carbon.
13. PT Berau Coal Energy’s biggest market _____________ (be) China which accounts
for about 44 percent of the company's total sales.
14. Berau Coal _______________ (have) three fully operational mines: Lati, Sambarata
and Binungan.
15. Kamojang _________________ (manage) by PGEPertamina Geothermal Energy
(PGE).
16. Geothermal power plants ____________________ use steam turbines to generate
electricity.
17. Donggi-Senoro LNG plant ___________________ (locate) in Banggai Regency, in
the Central Sulawesi Province of Indonesia.
18. DSLNG is the first Indonesian LNG project _____________________ (develop) as a
"downstream business activity" based on Law No. 22 of 2001, which enables
separate.
19. The gas _______________________ (cool) into LNG for storage and then loaded
into DSLNG tankers for transport and sale to LNG buyers.
20. As a downstream company, DSLNG _________________________ (purchase)
natural gas from PT Pertamina EP (Matindok area) and PT PHE Tomori Sulawesi,
PT Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi and Tomori E&P Limited (UK) (Senoro field) as
feedstock gas for the DSLNG-owned liquefaction plant.

5.6. Evaluation
5.6.1. Expose the following topic
Direction: Use passive voice within this exercises.
a. Expose hydro power plant
b. Expose photovoltaic cell working principle to generate electricity
 c. Expose components of the following generator

d. Expose nuclear power plant

5.6.2. Integrated excercises of passive voices, participles and gerund

5.6.2.1. Energy sources
In this centuary, people ________________________ (depend) on unlimited energy to
power their everyday lives. A wide range of energy-run devices and modern conveniences
______________________ (take) take for granted, and although it may seem that we will
never be in danger of ______________ (live) without those conveniences, the fact is that
many supplies of energy are dwindling rapidly. Scientists __________________ (search)
constantly for new sources of power to keep modern society _________________ (run).
Coal, oil, and natural gas ___________________ (supply) modern civilization with most
of its power. However, not only are supplies of these fuels limited, but they
________________ (be) a major source of pollution. If the energy demands of the future are
to be met without seriously ___________________ (harm) the environment, existing
alternative energy sources must ________________ (improve) or further explored and
developed. These __________________ (include) nuclear, water, solar, wind, and
geothermal power, as well as energy from new, nonpolluting types of fuels. Each of these
alternatives, however, _____________________ (have) advantages and disadvantages.
Nuclear power plants efficiently _________________ (produce) large amount s of
electricity without ___________________ (pollute) the atmosphere; however, they are
costly to build and maintain, and they pose the daunting problem of what to do with nuclear
wastes. Hydroelectric power is inexpensive and environmentally safe, but impractical for
communities ____________________ (locate) far from moving water. Harnessing energy
from tides and waves has similar drawbacks. Solar power __________________ (hold) great
promise for the future but methods of _________________ (collect) and
_________________ (concentrate) sunlight are as yet inefficient, as are methods of
harnessing wind power. Every source of energy has its advantages.

5.6.2.2. Micro Hydro

Micro hydro is a type of hydroelectric power that typically ______________________ (produce) from
5 kW to 100 kW of electricity by ___________________ (use) the natural flow of water. Installations
below 5 kW _____________________ (call) pico hydro. These installations can ________________
(provide) power to a remote home or small community. These installations can __________________
(connect) to electric power networks, particularly where net metering _______________ (use). There
______________________ (be) many of these installations around the world, particularly in developing
nations as they can ____________________ (provide) an economical source of energy without
_____________________ (purchase) fuel. Micro hydro systems can _________________ (combine) with
solar PV power systems in many areas. In this way, water flow is available in winter when solar energy
_________________ (be) rare. Micro hydro can _____________________ (accomplish) with a pelton
wheel for high head, low flow water supply. The installation _________________ (require) a small
dammed pool, at the top of a waterfall, with several hundred feet of pipe _____________________
(lead) to a small generator housing. Microhydro systems are very flexible and can _________________
(use) in a number of different environments. Energy can ________________ (store) in battery banks at
sites to _____________________ (reserve) available energy.

5.6.2.3. Boiler
Boilers _______________1 (use) in power plants to produce high pressured steam, so that
the plant can _______________2 (generate) electricity. This process _______________ 3
(know) as the rankine cycle. The boiler takes in energy from some form of fuel such as coal,
natural gas, or nuclear fuel ________________4 (heat) water into steam. Three centuries of
development have led to the steam-producing boilers which ________________5 (produce)
thousands of tones of steam per hour and ________________6 (have) a fuel-to-steam
efficiency as high as 90%. Boiler ___________7 (design) better for a lower fuel requirement,
lower costs and lower emissions of pollutants. _____________8 (design) boiler is intended
to extract as much of the energy from the fuel as possible. To do so, both the fixed carbon
and volatile matter must ___________9 (burn) completely. It _____________10 (challenge)
designers because boiler must be at very high temperatures, anywhere near 500oC, and
must ___________11 (burn) the fuel continuously at a constant rate. The boiler
____________12 (design) to be able to get the best possible heat transfer from the fuel to
the water and steam. It _____________13 (be) usual for boilers to be ____________14
(equip) by several separate heat exchangers. Also, boiler is designed to minimize
undesirable by-products in the form of ash and flue gas which ____________15 (pollute) the
environment.

5.6.2.4. Nuclear
Nuclear energy from Uranium is not renewable. Once we've dug up all the Earth's uranium
and used it, there isn't any more. Nuclear power _______________ (generate) using
Uranium, which is a metal __________________ (mine) in various parts of the world.
Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needs, and produces huge
amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel, without the pollution that you'd get from
_________________ (burn) fossil fuels. Nuclear power stations _______________ (work) in
pretty much the same way as fossil fuel-burning stations, except that a "chain reaction" inside
a nuclear reactor makes the heat instead.
The reactor uses Uranium rods as fuel, and the heat _______________ (generate) by
nuclear fission: neutrons smash into the nucleus of the uranium atoms, which split roughly in
half and release energy in the form of heat. Carbon dioxide gas or water _______________
(pump) through the reactor to take the heat away, this then heats water to make steam. The
steam drives turbines which drive generators. Modern nuclear power stations ___________
(use) the same type of turbine and generators as conventional power stations.
In Britain, nuclear power stations _______________ (build) on the coast, and use sea
water for _______________ (cool) the steam ready to be pumped round again. This means
that they don't have the huge "cooling towers" seen at other power stations. The reactor
_______________ (control) with "control rods", made of boron, which absorb neutrons.
When the rods _______________ (lower) into the reactor, they absorb more neutrons and the
fission process slows down. To generate more power, the rods _______________ (raise) and
more neutrons can crash into uranium atoms.
There _______________ (be) several advantages of nuclear power. Nuclear power
costs about the same as coal, so it's not expensive to make. Nuclear power does not produce
smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. Nuclear power
_______________ (produce) huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel. Nuclear
power produces small amounts of waste. Nuclear power nuclear power is reliable.
On the other hand, there _______________ (be) disadvantages of nuclear power.
Although not much waste _______________ (produce), it is very, very dangerous. It must be
sealed up and buried for many thousands of years to allow the radioactivity to die away. For
all that time it must _______________ (keep) safe from earthquakes, flooding, terrorists and
everything else. This is difficult. Nuclear power is reliable, but a lot of money has to be
_______________ (spend) on safety - if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident can be a major
disaster. People are increasingly concerned about this - in the 1990's nuclear power was the
fastest-growing source of power in much of the world. In 2005 it _______________ (be) the
second slowest-growing.
5.6.3. Passage
Read the passage and translate it into Indonesia
A nuclear reactor coolant is a coolant in a nuclear reactor used to remove heat from the
nuclear reactor core and transfer it to electrical generators and the environment.
Frequently, a chain of two coolant loops are used because the primary coolant loop takes on
short-term radioactivity from the reactor.
Almost all currently operating nuclear power plants are light water reactors using ordinary
water under high pressure as coolant and neutron moderator. About 1/3 are boiling water
reactors where the primary coolant undergoes phase transition to steam inside the reactor.
About 2/3 are pressurized water reactors at even higher pressure. Current reactors stay
under the critical point at around 374 °C and 218 bar where the distinction between liquid
and gas disappears, which limits thermal efficiency, but the proposed supercritical water
reactor would operate above this point.
Heavy water reactors use deuterium oxide which has identical properties to ordinary water
but much lower neutron capture, allowing more thorough moderation. As the hydrogen
atoms in water coolants are bombarded with neutrons, some absorb a neutron to become
deuterium, and then some become radioactive tritium. Water contaminated with tritium
sometimes leaks to groundwater by accident or by official approval.
The fuel rods create high temperatures which boil water then turn water to steam. During a
disaster, when a power outage happens and diesel power generators which provide
emergency power to the water pump are damaged by a tsunami or an earthquake, if no
fresh water is being pumped to cool the fuel rods then the fuel rods continue to heat up.
Once the fuel rods reach more than 1200 degrees Celsius, the zirconium tubes that contain
the nuclear fuel will interact with the steam and split the hydrogen from the water. That
hydrogen can then be released from the reactor core and containment vessel. If that
hydrogen accumulates in sufficient quantities-concentrations of 4 percent or more in the
air, then that hydrogen can explode, as has apparently occurred at Fukushima Daiichi
reactors No. 1, 3, 4 but reactor No. 2 opened its vent to let out radioactive hydrogen gas,
decreasing the pressure of the hydrogen, but it contaminated the environment, so reactor
No. 2 did not explode..
5.7. Summary of passive voice
Usually the passive is used without a ‘by phrase’. Some notes:
1. Passive voices are used when the subject is unimportant/unknown
2. Passive voices are used when the logical object of verb is the topic of the discussion.
3. Passive voices are used whenever the speaker (writer) wants to delay/avoid
mentioning the subject.