StanilandReadingsCivilWar11 18 19

Reading List on Civil War and Political Violence
Paul Staniland
University of Chicago
November 2019: v1.0
It’s become impossible to survey the field in my Civil War seminar. I’m providing a list of
readings that I think could be helpful in advancing students’ knowledge of the full scope of the
field, grouped in very loose general categories. This is just a starting point, and not an effort to
define a clear “canon” or to exclude important work: apologies in advance if your research, or
favored style of work, is not adequately represented. I hope it’s useful, and I’ll try to sporadically
update it, though the formatting errors will remain. For criminal conflict, see my colleague Ben
Lessing’s syllabi.
“Classics”
Paige, Jeffery M. Agrarian Revolution: Social Movements and Export Agriculture in the
Underdeveloped World. New York: Free Press, 1975.
Anderson, Perry. Lineages of the Absolutist State. London: N.L.B, 1974.
Foucault, Michel. 1995. Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan
Sheridan. 2nd edition. New York: Vintage Books.
Guha, Ranajit. Elementary aspects of peasant insurgency in colonial India. Durham: Duke
University Press, 1999 [1983].
Mann, Michael. 1986. The Sources of Social Power: Volume 1, A History of Power from the
Beginning to AD 1760. Cambridge University Press.
Skocpol, Theda. States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and
China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
———. “What Makes Peasants Revolutionary?” Comparative Politics 14, no. 3 (April 1, 1982):
351–75. https://doi.org/10.2307/421958.
Leites, Nathan Constantin, and Charles Wolf. Rebellion and Authority: An Analytic Essay on
Insurgent Conflicts. Chicago: Markham Pub. Co, 1970.
Wolf, Eric R. Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press,
1999.
Trinquier, Roger. Modern Warfare: A French View of Counterinsurgency. Westport, Conn:
Praeger Security International, 2006.
Selznick, Philip. The Organizational Weapon: A Study of Bolshevik Strategy and Tactics. 1st ed.
Rand Series. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1952.
Popkin, Samuel L. The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam.
Berkeley, Ca: University of California Press, 1979.
Scott, James. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1985.
Scott, James C. “Revolution in the Revolution: Peasants and Commissars.” Theory and Society
7, no. 1/2 (March 1979): 97–134.
Scott, James C. The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast
Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976.
Giap, Vo Nguyen. 1970. Military Art of People’s War. New York usw.: Monthly Review Press.
Horowitz, Donald L. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
Weiner, Myron. Sons of the Soil: Migration and Ethnic Conflict in India. Princeton N.J.:
2
Princeton University Press, 1978.

Enloe, Cynthia. Ethnic Soldiers: State Security in Divided Societies. Athens: University of
Georgia Press, 1980.
Tilly, Charles. From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co,
1978.
Skocpol, Theda. States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and
China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
Skocpol, Theda. “What Makes Peasants Revolutionary?” Comparative Politics 14, no. 3 (April
1, 1982): 351–75. https://doi.org/10.2307/421958.
Migdal, Joel S. 1975. Peasants, Politics, and Revolution; Pressures toward Political and Social
Change in the Third World. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Migdal, Joel S. 1988. Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State
Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Goodwin, Jeff, and Theda Skocpol. “Explaining Revolutions in the Contemporary Third World.”
Politics & Society 17, no. 4 (December 1, 1989): 489–509.
https://doi.org/10.1177/003232928901700403.
Tilly, Charles. “War Making and State Making as Organized Crime.” In Bringing the State Back
In, edited by Theda Skocpol, Peter Evans, and Dietrich Rueschemeyer, 169–91. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, n.d.
Gurr, Ted Robert. Why Men Rebel. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1970.
Huntington, Samuel P. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University
Press, 1968.
Tse-tung, Mao, and Samuel B. Griffith. 2000. On Guerrilla Warfare. Urbana: University of
Illinois Press.
Taylor, Michael, ed. Rationality and Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Moore, Barrington. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the
Making of the Modern World. Boston: Beacon Press, 1966.
Anderson, Benedict R. O’G. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread
of Nationalism. Rev. and extended ed London: Verso.
McAdam, Doug. Political Process and the Development of Black insurgency, 1930-1970.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.
Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press, 2004.
Jeffrey Race, War Comes to Long An: Revolutionary Conflict in a Vietnamese Province
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972).
Mack, Andrew. “Why Big Nations Lose Small Wars: The Politics of Asymmetric Conflict.”
World Politics 27, no. 2 (January 1975): 175-200.
Krepinevich, Andrew F. The Army and Vietnam. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
1986.
Gramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International
Publishers Co.
Concepts, Ethics, and Data

Everything on this Advancing Research in Conflict (ARC) Bibliography:
https://advancingconflictresearch.com/resources-1
3
Varshney, Ashutosh. 2007. “Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict.” In The Oxford handbook of
comparative politics, eds. Carles Boix and Susan Carol Stokes. Oxford University Press,
p. 274-296.
Davenport, Christian, Erik Melander, and Patrick M. Regan. 2018. The Peace Continuum: What
It Is and How to Study It. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Malejacq, Romain, and Dipali Mukhopadhyay. 2016. “The ‘Tribal Politics’ of Field Research: A
Reflection on Power and Partiality in 21st-Century Warzones.” Perspectives on Politics 14
(4): 1011–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592716002899.
Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2019. “The Landscape of Political Violence.” The Oxford Handbook of
Terrorism. At
https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732914.001.0001/oxfo
rdhb-9780198732914-e-1, accessed October 23, 2019.
Todd Landman and Anita Gohdes, “A Matter of Convenience: Challenges of Non-Random Data
in Analyzing Human Rights Violations in Peru and Sierra Leone,” in Taylor Seybolt, Jay
Aronson, and Baruch Fischhoff, eds., Counting Civilian Casualties: An Introduction to
Recording and Estimating Nonmilitary Deaths in Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University
Press (2013),
Weidmann, Nils B. 2016. “A Closer Look at Reporting Bias in Conflict Event Data.” American
Journal of Political Science 60, no. 1: 206–18.
Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2003. The Ontology of ‘Political Violence’: Action and Identity in Civil
Wars. Perspectives on Politics 1 (3): 475–494.
Leader Maynard, Jonathan. “Ideology and Armed Conflict.” Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 5
(September 1, 2019): 635–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343319826629.
Eck, Kristine. 2012. “In Data We Trust? A Comparison of UCDP GED and ACLED Conflict
Events Datasets.” Cooperation and Conflict 47 (1): 124–41.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836711434463.
Raleigh, Clionadh, Andrew Linke, Håvard Hegre, and Joakim Karlsen. 2010. “Introducing
ACLED: An Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 47
(5): 651–60.
Shesterinina, Anastasia. 2019. “Ethics, Empathy, and Fear in Research on Violent Conflict.”
Journal of Peace Research 56 (2): 190–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318783246.
Bendor, Jonathan, and Jacob N. Shapiro. 2019. “Historical Contingencies in the Evolution of
States and Their Militaries.” World Politics 71 (1): 126–61.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887118000229.
Campbell, Susanna P. 2017. “Ethics of Research in Conflict Environments.” Journal of Global
Security Studies 2, no. 1: 89–101.
Fazal, Tanisha M. 2014. Dead Wrong?: Battle Deaths, Military Medicine, and Exaggerated
Reports of War’s Demise. International Security 39 (1): 95–125.
Kreutz, Joakim. 2010. “How and When Armed Conflicts End: Introducing the UCDP Conflict
Termination Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 47, no. 2: 243–50.
———. 2015. “The War That Wasn’t There Managing Unclear Cases in Conflict Data.” Journal
of Peace Research 52, no. 1: 120–24.
Tarrow, Sidney. “Inside Insurgencies: Politics and Violence in an Age of Civil War.”
Perspectives on Politics 5, no. 03 (2007): 587-600.
Blattman, Christopher, and Edward Miguel. “Civil War.” Journal of Economic Literature 48, no.
1 (3, 2010): 3-57.
4
Brubaker, Rogers, and David D. Laitin. “Ethnic and Nationalist Violence.” Annual Review of
Sociology 24 (1998): 423-452.
Kalyvas, Stathis N. “"New" and "Old" Civil Wars: A Valid Distinction?” World Politics 54, no.
1 (October 2001): 99-118.
Eckstein, Harry. “On the Etiology of Internal Wars.” History and Theory 4, no. 2 (1965): 133-
163.
Kalyvas, Stathis N., Ian Shapiro, and Tarek Masoud, eds. 2008. Order, Conflict, and Violence.
Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hegre, Håvard, and Nicholas Sambanis. “Sensitivity Analysis of Empirical Results on Civil War
Onset.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 50, no. 4 (August 2006): 508-535.
David, Steven R. “Internal war: causes and cures.” World Politics 49, no. 4 (1997): 552-576.
Wood, Elisabeth Jean. “Civil Wars: What We Don't Know.” Global Governance (April 2003)
247-260.
Gohdes, Anita, and Megan Price. 2013. “First Things First: Assessing Data Quality before
Model Quality.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 57 (6): 1090–1108.
Salehyan, Idean, Cullen S. Hendrix, Jesse Hamner, Christina Case, Christopher Linebarger,
Emily Stull, and Jennifer Williams. 2012. “Social Conflict in Africa: A New Database.”
International Interactions 38 (4): 503–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2012.697426.
Kate Cronin-Furman and Milli Lake, “Ethics Abroad: Fieldwork in Fragile and Violent
Contexts,” PS: Political Science & Politics 51, no. 3 (July 2018): 607–14,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096518000379.
Fujii, Lee Ann. 2010. “Shades of Truth and Lies: Interpreting Testimonies of War and
Violence.” Journal of Peace Research 47 (2): 231–41.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309353097.
King, Charles. “The Micropolitics of Social Violence.” World Politics 56, no. 3 (2004): 431-455.
Kaufmann, Chaim. “Rational Choice and Progress in the Study of Ethnic Conflict: A Review
Essay.” Security Studies 14, no. 1 (2005): 178-207.
Lacina, Bethany, and Nils Petter Gleditsch. 2013. The Waning of War is Real A Response to
Gohdes and Price. Journal of Conflict Resolution 57 (6): 1109–1127.
Sambanis, Nicholas. “Using Case Studies to Expand Economic Models of Civil War.”
Perspectives on Politics 2, no. 2 (June 2004): 259–79.
———. “What Is Civil War? Conceptual and Empirical Complexities of an Operational
Definition.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 48, no. 6 (December 2004): 814–58.
Staniland, Paul. 2017. “Armed Politics and the Study of Intrastate Conflict.” Journal of Peace
Research 54, no. 4: 459–67.
Sambanis, Nicholas, and Jonah Schulhofer-Wohl. “Sovereignty Rupture as a Central Concept in
Quantitative Measures of Civil War.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no. 6 (July 1,
2019): 1542–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002719842657.
Pettersson, Therése, Stina Högbladh, and Magnus Öberg. “Organized Violence, 1989–2018 and
Peace Agreements.” Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 589–603.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343319856046.
Civil War Onset (including civil resistance as “non-onset”)

Fearon, James D., and David D. Laitin. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.” The American
Political Science Review 97, no. 1 (February 2003): 75–90.
5
Roessler, Philip. Ethnic Politics and State Power in Africa: The Logic of the Coup-Civil War
Trap. Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Kocher, Matthew Adam, Adria K. Lawrence, and Nuno P. Monteiro. 2018. “Nationalism,
Collaboration, and Resistance: France under Nazi Occupation.” International Security 43,
no. 2: 117–50.
Cramer, Christopher. Civil War Is Not a Stupid Thing: Accounting for Violence in Developing
Countries. London: Hurst & Company, 2006.
Cederman, Lars-Erik, Andreas Wimmer, and Brian Min. 2010. “Why Do Ethnic Groups Rebel?:
New Data and Analysis.” World Politics 62 (1): 87–119.
Thurber, Ches. “Social Ties and the Strategy of Civil Resistance.” International Studies
Quarterly, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz049.
Mach, Katharine J., Caroline M. Kraan, W. Neil Adger, Halvard Buhaug, Marshall Burke, James
D. Fearon, Christopher B. Field, et al. “Climate as a Risk Factor for Armed Conflict.” Nature
571, no. 7764 (July 2019): 193–97. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1300-6
Lewis, Janet I. 2017. “How Does Ethnic Rebellion Start?” Comparative Political Studies,
October, 10414016672235. doi:10.1177/0010414016672235.
Kaufman, Stuart J. 2001. Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War. 1 edition New
York: Cornell University Press.
Fearon, James D. 1995. “Rationalist Explanations for War.” International Organization 49 (3):
379–414.
———. 2005. “Primary Commodity Exports and Civil War.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution
49 (4): 483–507.
Fearon, James D., and David D. Latin. 2000. “Review: Violence and the Social Construction of
Ethnic Identity.” International Organization 54 (4): 845–77.
Mukherjee, Shivaji. 2018. “Colonial Origins of Maoist Insurgency in India: Historical
Institutions and Civil War.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 10: 2232–74.
Chandra, Kanchan, and Omar García-Ponce. “Why Ethnic Subaltern-Led Parties Crowd Out
Armed Organizations: Explaining Maoist Violence in India.” World Politics 71, no. 2 (April
2019): 367–416. https://doi.org/10.1017/S004388711800028X.
Bates, Robert H. 2008. When Things Fell Apart: State Failure in Late-Century Africa. New
York: Cambridge University Press.
Rotberg, Robert I, ed. When States Fail: Causes and Consequences. Princeton, N.J: Princeton
Vogt, Manuel. 2018. “Ethnic Stratification and the Equilibrium of Inequality: Ethnic Conflict in
Postcolonial States.” International Organization 72, no. 1: 105–37.
Chenoweth, Erica, and Maria J. Stephan. 2012. Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic
of Nonviolent Conflict. New York: Columbia University Press.
Political Instability Task Force. http://globalpolicy.gmu.edu/pitf/
King, Gary, and Langche Zeng. “Improving Forecasts of State Failure.” World Politics 53, no. 4
(2001): 623-658.
Schoon, Eric W. 2018. “Why Does Armed Conflict Begin Again? A New Analytic Approach.”
International Journal of Comparative Sociology 59, no. 5–6: 480–515.
Chenoweth, Erica, and Adria Lawrence, eds. 2010. Rethinking Violence: States and Non-State
Actors in Conflict. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
6
Bowlsby, Drew, Erica Chenoweth, Cullen Hendrix, and Jonathan D. Moyer. “The Future Is a
Moving Target: Predicting Political Instability.” British Journal of Political Science, 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123418000443.
Erica Chenoweth, Cullen Hendrix, and Kyleanne Hunter “Introducing the Nonviolent Action in
Violent Contexts (NVAVC) Dataset,” Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 56, No. 2 (March
2019), pp. 295-305
Keen, David. 2012. Useful Enemies: When Waging Wars Is More Important Than Winning
Them. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Goodwin, Jeff. 2001. No Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945-1991.
Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press.
Hegre, Håvard et al. “Toward a Democratic Civil Peace? Democracy, Political Change, and Civil
War, 1816–1992.” American Political Science Review 95, no. 01 (2001): 33-48.
DeVotta, Neil. 2004. Blowback: Linguistic Nationalism, Institutional Decay, and Ethnic
Conflict in Sri Lanka. Contemporary Issues in Asia and the Pacific. Stanford, Calif:
Stanford University Press.
Cederman, Lars-Erik, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, and Halvard Buhaug. Inequality, Grievances,
and Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Vreeland, James Raymond. “The Effect of Political Regime on Civil War: Unpacking
Anocracy.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 52, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 401-425.
Hendrix, Cullen S. “Measuring state capacity: Theoretical and empirical implications for the
study of civil conflict.” Journal of Peace Research 47, no. 3 (May 1, 2010): 273 -285.
Bakke, Kristin M., and Erik Wibbels. “Diversity, Disparity, and Civil Conflict in Federal States.”
World Politics 59, no. 1 (2006): 1-50.
Miguel, Edward, Shanker Satyanath, and Ernest Sergenti. “Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict:
An Instrumental Variables Approach.” JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 112 (2004):
725--753.
Salehyan, Idean, and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch. “Refugees and the Spread of Civil War.”
International Organization 60, no. 02 (2006): 335–66.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818306060103.
Zürcher, Christoph. 2007. The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in
the Caucasus. New York: New York University Press.
Sambanis, Nicholas. “Do Ethnic and Nonethnic Civil Wars Have the Same Causes?: A
Theoretical and Empirical Inquiry (Part 1).” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 45, no. 3
(June 2001): 259–82.
Stanley, William Deane. The Protection Racket State : Elite Politics, Military Extortion, and
Civil War in El Salvador. Philadelphia : Temple University Press, 1996.
Cederman, Lars-Erik, and Manuel Vogt. 2017. “Dynamics and Logics of Civil War.” Journal of
Conflict Resolution 61, no. 9: 1992–2016.
Walter, Barbara F. “Does Conflict Beget Conflict? Explaining Recurring Civil War.” Journal of
Peace Research 41, no. 3 (May 2004): 371–88.
Walter, Barbara F. Reputation and Civil War: Why Separatist Conflicts Are so Violent.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Wimmer, Andreas. Waves of War: Nationalism, State Formation, and Ethnic Exclusion in the
Modern World. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Bunce, Valerie. Subversive Institutions: The Design and the Destruction of Socialism and the
State. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
7
Brancati, Dawn. “Decentralization: Fueling the Fire or Dampening the Flames of Ethnic Conflict
and Secessionism?.” International Organization 60, no. 03 (2006): 651-685.
Kohli, Atul. Democracy and discontent: India's growing crisis of governability. Cambridge
Englebert, Pierre, and James Ron. 2004. “Primary Commodities and War: Congo-Brazzaville’s
Ambivalent Resource Curse.” Comparative Politics 37 (1): 61–81.
https://doi.org/10.2307/4150124.
Staniland, Paul. “Cities on Fire: Social Mobilization, State Policy, and Urban Insurgency.”
Comparative Political Studies (December 2010).
Tajima, Yuhki. 2013. The Institutional Basis of Intercommunal Order: Evidence from
Indonesia’s Democratic Transition. American Journal of Political Science 57 (1): 104–119.
Hechter, Michael. Containing Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Robinson, Geoffrey. “Rawan Is as Rawan Does: The Origins of Disorder in New Order Aceh.”
Indonesia 66 (October 1998): 127-157.
Ganguly, Sumit. “Explaining the Kashmir Insurgency: Political Mobilization and Institutional
Decay,” International Security, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Autumn, 1996), pp. 76-107.
Kaufman, Stuart J. “Symbolic Politics or Rational Choice? Testing Theories of Extreme Ethnic
Violence.” International Security 30, no. 4 (2006): 45-86.
Mueller, John. “The Banality of "Ethnic War".” International Security 25, no. 1 (Summer 2000):
42-70.
Varshney, Ashutosh. “Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Rationality.” Perspectives on Politics 1,
no. 1 (2003): 85-99.
Cederman, Professor Lars-Erik, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, and Halvard Buhaug. 2013.
Inequality, Grievances, and Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sambanis, Nicholas. “Do Ethnic and Nonethnic Civil Wars Have the Same Causes? A
Theoretical and Empirical Inquiry (Part 1).” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 45, no. 3
(June 2001): 259-282.
Petersen, Roger. Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred, and Resentment in Twentieth-
Century Eastern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Fearon, James D., and David D. Laitin. “Review: Violence and the Social Construction of Ethnic
Identity.” International Organization 54, no. 4 (Autumn 2000): 845-877.
Hassner, Ron E. War on Sacred Grounds. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009.
Toft, Monica Duffy. The Geography of Ethnic Violence. Princeton University Press, 2003.
Collier, Paul, and Anke Hoeffler. 2004. “Greed and Grievance in Civil War.” Oxford Economic
Papers 56 (4): 563–95.
Mylonas, Harris. 2013. The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and
Minorities. 1st edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Fearon, James D., and David D. Laitin. “Explaining Interethnic Cooperation.” The American
Political Science Review 90, no. 4 (December 1996): 715-735.
Gagnon, V. P. The Myth of Ethnic War: Serbia and Croatia in the 1990s. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell
Frymer, Paul. 2014. “‘A Rush and a Push and the Land Is Ours’: Territorial Expansion, Land
Policy, and U.S. State Formation.” Perspectives on Politics 12 (01): 119–144.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592713003745.
8
Kennedy, Jonathan, and Sunil Purushotham. 2012. “Beyond Naxalbari: A Comparative Analysis
of Maoist Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Independent India.” Comparative Studies in
Society and History 54 (4): 832–62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417512000436.
Walter, Barbara F. Reputation and Civil War: Why Separatist Conflicts Are so Violent.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Varshney, Ashutosh. Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India. New Haven,
CT: Yale University Press, 2002.
Brass, Paul. The production of Hindu-Muslim violence in contemporary India. Seattle:
University of Washington Press, 2003.
Chandra, Kanchan, and Steven Wilkinson. “Measuring the Effect of "Ethnicity".” Comparative
Political Studies 41, no. 4-5 (April 1, 2008): 515-563.
Reno, William. Warlord Politics and African States. Boulder, Colo: Lynner Rienner Publishers,
1998.
Atzili, Boaz. 2011. Good Fences, Bad Neighbors: Border Fixity and International Conflict.
University of Chicago Press.
Humphreys, Macartan. “Natural Resources, Conflict, and Conflict Resolution: Uncovering the
Mechanisms.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 49, no. 4 (August 2005): 508-537.
Ross, Michael. “A Closer Look at Oil, Diamonds, and Civil War.” Annual Review of Political
Science 9, no. 1 (6, 2006): 265-300.
Boix, Carles. “Economic Roots of Civil Wars and Revolutions in the Contemporary World.”
World Politics 60, no. 3 (2008): 390-437.
Cramer, Christopher. “Homo Economicus Goes to War: Methodological Individualism, Rational
Choice and the Political Economy of War.” World Development 30, no. 11 (November
2002): 1845-1864.
Sanín, Francisco Gutiérrez. “Criminal Rebels? A Discussion of Civil War and Criminality from
the Colombian Experience.” Politics & Society 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 257 -285.
Ballentine, Karen, and Jake Sherman, eds. The Political Economy of Armed Conflict: Beyond
Greed and Grievance. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003.
Keen, David. The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars. Oxford: Oxford University
Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1998.
Acemoglu, Daron and James Robinson. Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy.
Cambridge: New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Paige, Jeffery M. Agrarian Revolution: Social Movements and Export Agriculture in the
Underdeveloped World. New York: Free Press, 1975.
Aspinall, Edward. “The Construction of Grievance: Natural Resources and Identity in a
Separatist Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 51, no. 6 (December 1, 2007): 950-
972.
Lawrence, Adria. “Triggering Nationalist Violence: Competition and Conflict in Uprisings
against Colonial Rule,” International Security (2010).
Lawrence, Adria. 2013. Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest
in the French Empire. Cambridge University Press.
Asal, Victor, Michael Findley, James A. Piazza, and James Igoe Walsh. 2015. “Political
Exclusion, Oil, and Ethnic Armed Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Resolution, February,
0022002714567948. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002714567948.
9
Cederman, Lars-Erik, Simon Hug, and Lutz F. Krebs. 2010. “Democratization and Civil War:
Empirical Evidence.” Journal of Peace Research 47 (4): 377–94.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343310368336.
Chaudoin, Stephen, Zachary Peskowitz, and Christopher Stanton. 2015. “Beyond Zeroes and
Ones The Intensity and Dynamics of Civil Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Resolution,
February, 0022002715569773. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002715569773.
Nielsen, Richard A., Michael G. Findley, Zachary S. Davis, Tara Candland, and Daniel L.
Nielson. 2011. “Foreign Aid Shocks as a Cause of Violent Armed Conflict.” American
Journal of Political Science 55 (2): 219–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-
5907.2010.00492.x.
Hassner, Ron E. 2009. War on Sacred Grounds. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Lacina, Bethany. 2013. How Governments Shape the Risk of Civil Violence: India’s Federal
Reorganization, 1950–56. American Journal of Political Science.
Hegre, Håvard, and Nicholas Sambanis. 2006. “Sensitivity Analysis of Empirical Results on
Civil War Onset.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 50 (4): 508–35.
Ward, Michael D., Brian D. Greenhill, and Kristin M. Bakke. 2010. “The Perils of Policy by P-
Value: Predicting Civil Conflicts.” Journal of Peace Research, March, 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309356491.
Ferwerda, Jeremy, and Nicholas L. Miller. 2014. “Political Devolution and Resistance to Foreign
Rule: A Natural Experiment.” American Political Science Review 108 (3): 642–660.
doi:10.1017/S0003055414000240.
Kocher, Matthew A., and Nuno P. Monteiro. 2016. “Lines of Demarcation: Causation, Design-
Based Inference, and Historical Research.” Perspectives on Politics 14 (4): 952–75.
doi:10.1017/S1537592716002863.
Kalyvas, Stathis N., and Laia Balcells. 2010. International System and Technologies of
Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict. American Political
Science Review 104 (03): 415–429.
Collier, Paul, Anke Hoeffler, and Dominic Rohner. “Beyond greed and grievance: feasibility and
civil war.” Oxford Economic Papers 61, no. 1. Oxford Economic Papers (2009): 1-27.
Ross, Michael L. “How Do Natural Resources Influence Civil War? Evidence from Thirteen
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Reading List on Civil War and Political Violence

Princeton University Press, 1978.

Concepts, Ethics, and Data

Civil War Onset (including civil resistance as “non-onset”)

Individual and Community Mobilization and Recruitment

Wartime: A Survey Experiment in Afghanistan.” American Political Science Review 107

Counterinsurgency and State Strategy

Armed Groups: Organization, Alliances, and Governance

Gates, Scott. “Recruitment and Allegiance: The Microfoundations of Rebellion.” Journal of

Violence against Civilians

Special Report 323, February 2013,

War Termination and International Intervention/Peacekeeping

State Building, Policing, and Violence

Elections and Conflict

Staniland, Paul. “Democracy and Violence.” Comparative Politics (October 2014).

Legacies and Aftermaths

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