International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) Vol-3, Issue-5, Sept-Oct, 2019

https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.3.5.1 ISSN: 2456-8635

Infiltration Capacity of Some Land Units at Manado State

University as a Lecture Reference.

Novita Sari Mamonto1, Jovialine A. Rungkat2, Christophil S. Medellu3

1
Students, Department of Natural Sciences Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
Manado State University
2
Department of Natural Sciences Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Manado
State University
3
Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Manado State
University
Corresponding Author: chmedellu@yahoo.com
Abstract- This study aims to 1). Explore the concepts and processes of infiltration science in
various places (plant slope and vegetation) at UNIMA 2). Produce reference lectures in the
science department. This research was conducted in July 2019 at Manado State University.
This research is a collaborative research consisting of two researchers. This research uses
exploratory research. The results of the study explored infiltration measurements on the four
fields using an infiltrometer showing that sloping land with many trees had an infiltration rate
of 20.59 cm / hour and infiltration capacity of 16.8 cm / hour (medium), sloping land with little
trees infiltration rate 48.72 cm / hour infiltration capacity 34.8 cm / hour (fairly fast), flat land
of many trees infiltration rate of 18.09 cm / hour and infiltration capacity of 14.4 cm / hour
(rather slow), and flat land of few trees infiltration rate of 9.27 cm / hour and infiltration
capacity of 8.4 cm / hour (slow). Infiltration rate with fast criteria is found in sloping land with
few trees 48.72 cm / hour and infiltration capacity 34.8 cm / hour and slow infiltration rate, ie
on flat land with slightly 9.27 cm / hour trees and infiltration capacity of 8.4 cm / hour. In
conclusion, land that has less slope and humidity or moisture in the soil that is classified as
dry, and many trees / grasses have a higher infiltration rate. Whereas land that has dense soil
texture and no trees / plants has a small infiltration rate. As for explorative infiltration research
there are facts that can be linked to scientific concepts and processes and presented in the form
of matrices and can be utilized in soil science courses in the Department of Natural Sciences.
Keywords- Infiltration Capacity, Explorative, Land, Concept and Science Process,

INTRODUCTION human activities in past and present, insofar

as these identifiers exert influence on
Land is defined as a surface area
mankind on land use by humans in the
of the earth's land surface whose
present and the future, (FAO 1977 in
characteristics include all identification,
Notohadiprawirio, 2006). According to
both of a fairly steady and predictable
FAO (1995) quoted by Djayanegara A
nature, from the biosphere, atmosphere,
(2013) in Fitriani (2016), land has many
soil, geology, hydrology and plant and
animal populations, and the results of

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International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF)
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functions, one of which is hydrological
function.
Hydrology is the study of the
occurrence, movement of water and
distribution on earth, both above and below
the earth's surface, about the physical,
chemical nature of water and its reaction to
the environment and relationships with life
(Joyce marta and Wanny Adidarma 1978 in
Sulastriningsi, 2011) . The existence of
water on earth follows a natural law called
the hydrological cycle. Hydrological cycle
is a term used to describe the circulation of
water in three phases (gas, liquid, and solid)
on earth. The part of the hydrological cycle
is infiltration.
Irawan (2016) states that infiltration is the
movement of water down through the soil
surface into the soil profile. Infiltration
causes water to be available for plant
growth and ground water to be replenished.
This process is a very important part in the
hydrological cycle that can affect the
amount of water that is on the surface of the
land, where the water that is on the surface
of the ground will enter the soil and then
flow into the river.
The study of infiltration is
important for students to find out how to
preserve the surrounding environment and
how the infiltration process occurs so that
the supply of water for living things will
continue to be fulfilled and the absorption
of rain water into the soil on higher ground
in order to minimize accumulation of
inundation (flood) in areas that are flooded
I. RESEARCH METHODS
A. Research Type
This type of research is exploratory
research using qualitative methods. Processing
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lower. Everything we can enjoy when the
dry season does not occur drought and
when the rainy season is not flooded. The
land is preserved sustainably so that the
absorption of rainwater can be adequate
and the source of clean water for living
things will still be fulfilled. Therefore, this
research needs to be done in order to
increase students' insights about
infiltration.
It is hoped that this exploratory research will
produce lecture references in the science
education department especially specifically in
the subject of soil science. Students are
expected to be able to explore science concepts
and processes related to infiltration phenomena
in several UNIMA fields. Explorative research
is also expected to be one example of research
that raises facts or natural phenomena around to
be raised and used as scientific concepts. In
addition, it is also hoped that the results of this
study will enable a teacher to utilize the
surrounding land to be used as a reference in
lectures.
From the results of observations made by
researchers that the land of UNIMA still has
many biotic and abiotic components. Although
UNIMA has several buildings for lectures, the
land still has the proper function of the land.
Currently UNIMA land use is used as a
reference in lectures on campus is still very
lacking because teachers tend to use books that
are already available and do not use the natural
environment to be used as a reference in the
lecture process and currently the facts that are
around are still very rare to be explored and
used as scientific concepts and processes as
references in lectures, especially in the
infiltration process.
of data the researcher uses qualitative, namely
processing data from research results.
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B. Place and Time of Research of the components that interact to affect the
This research was carried out in July 2019 phenomenon.
on the land of Manado State University b. Identify variables that influence
(UNIMA) on land (Location 1: sloping land phenomena and relationships between
with lots of trees), (location 2: sloping land with variables based on scientific concepts and
less trees), (Location 3: flat land with lots of processes.
trees), (location 4: flat land less that of trees). c. Take measurements in the field of
variables.
C. Research Objects 1) Measurement of soil moisture
The object of this research is the Researchers measured soil moisture using
measurement of infiltration capacity at Manado a soil tester. As for how to use tools (Udin,
State University. 2014)
2) Infiltration Measurement
D. Research Tools and Materials At this stage the researchers made
Tools and materials measurements in the field using an
The tools used in this study are double infiltrometer
ring infiltrometer, stop watch, bucket, a. Analyzing graph data and understanding
hammer, ruler, beam, soil tester and water the infiltration process.
material. b. Formulate scientific concepts and
processes based on the results of data
E. Research Procedure analysis and references
This research procedure uses an F. Data Collection Techniques and
exploratory research procedure in which Instruments
there are 3 procedures according to 1. Data Collection Techniques
(Mesellu, 2019) namely: a. Observation
b. Documentation
1. Observation and Identification of 2. Instruments
Phenomenon Facts and the Relationship a. Observation sheet
Between Objects and Phenomenon Facts b. Documentation sheet
a. Observation of Phenomenon Facts and G. Data Analysis Techniques
the Relationship Between Objects and The data analysis technique used in this
Phenomenon Facts. study is qualitative analysis, including:
1. Presentation of data graphically and the
b. Identification of Phenomenon Facts and meaning to explain the phenomenon /
the Relationship between Objects and infiltration process
Phenomenon Facts. 2. Determine infiltration in land 1-4
3. Comparing charts and infiltration
2. Analyze facts and phenomena capacity of land 1-4 and understanding the
3. Explore Science Concepts and Processes difference associated with land conditions
a. Observe the phenomenon of the details

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and is approximately 40 km from Manado City.

A. Description of Manado State University
Manado State University (UNIMA) is one of the
state universities located in North Sulawesi
Province and its location is in the Tonsaru Hills,
Tataaran Tondano, Indonesia. Manado State
University is in the mountainous area of
Minahasa Regency, 800 meters above sea level
The university is 270ha wide, is in an area with a
rather cold temperature around 24-27 degrees
Celsius (during the day) and can reach 18 degrees
Celsius (at night) so as to make the atmosphere
of teaching and learning more conducive.
(Anonymous, 2013).

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Based on the results of observations made with
the lecturer that UNIMA has many lecture
buildings, and residence for students in the form
of dormitories and boarding houses, but UNIMA
also still has land that is overgrown with trees or
commonly referred to as large plant vegetation or
commonly referred to as campus forest.
Vegetation The dominant plants at UNIMA in
the form of Spathodea campanulata are lush and
tall plants. Therefore, UNIMA has a rather cold
temperature. Besides that, UNIMA also has
sloping land.
B. Description of Explorative Research on
Infiltration Capacity
Explorative research consists of 3 stages
(Medellu, 2019) namely:
1. Observation and Identification of Facts,
Phenomena and Relationships Between Objects
and Fact Phenomena.
a. Observation of Facts, Phenomena and
Relationships Between Objects and Facts,
Phenomena
This observation was made in January at UNIMA
together with the lecturer and the collaborative
research team. The researcher uses an
observation sheet with item number 5 to
determine the land to be the place of research.
b. Identification of Facts, Phenomena and
Relationships Between Objects and Facts,
Phenomena.
From the results of observations made by
researchers using the observation sheet obtained
4 land in accordance with the criteria sought in
order to get a comparison in infiltration
measurements. The results of the observation of
the study location:
1) The first research location is in front of the
workshop building at the coordinate point
1o16'08.11 "LU 124o53'09.34" East. This
location has a slope of 25o and has a lot of
vegetation in the form of lush trees which are
dominated by lush tall plants and ferns and has a
soil moisture of 30% and a soil pH of 6.3. This
location was chosen because of the geographical
location in accordance with the results of the
observation sheet in search of a location that has
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a slope tophography and there are many trees.
2) The second research location is on the path
between the Faculty of Social and Political
Sciences to FBS at the coordinate point 1o15
'59.03 "LU 124o52 '49.70" BT. This location has
a slope of 10o and only has a few trees such as
coconut trees and manga trees that are far from
each other but this location is dominated by
grass. At this location it has a soil moisture of
20% and a soil pH of 6.8. This location was
chosen because of the geographical location in
accordance with the results of the observation
sheet in search of a location that has a slope
tofography and a few trees.
3) The third research location is on the path
towards the UNIMA bidikmisi hostel at the
coordinate point 1o15 '59.03 "LU 124o52 '49.70"
East. This location has a flat land that has many
trees that are lush and has 30% soil moisture and
a soil pH of 6.3. This location was chosen
because of the geographical location in
accordance with the results of the observation
sheets in search of locations that have flat land
and lots of trees.
4) The fourth location is next to the workshop
building at the coordinate point 1o15 '59.64 "LU
124o52 '59.63" East. This location has flat land
and no lush trees and only has grass. This
location has a soil moisture of 10% and a soil pH
of 6. This location was chosen because of the
geographical location in accordance with the
results of the observation sheet in search of
locations that have flat land and less trees.
2. Analyze the Phenomenon Facts
Analysis of facts and phenomena in infiltration
according to several sources, namely:
a. Infiltration
Infiltration is defined as the process of entry of
water into the ground through the surface of the
ground. Water enters the ground. (Irawan 2016)
b. Soil
For the same type of soil with different densities
having different infiltration rates, the denser the
soil the smaller the infiltration rate. Soil moisture
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that is always changing at any time also affects Bidikmisi hostel where this location has components
the rate of infiltration, the higher the water in the form of:
content in the soil, the infiltration rate of the a) flat land
infiltration rate of the soil is smaller. the first fact b) Has several tall, lush trees.
is that rain water enters the ground is an c) Soil conditions on this land are very wet which is
caused by lush trees so that it covers the sunlight
infiltration process, in the process of infiltration entering the surface of the land
the rain water will enter the ground continuously d) The soil structure is not as dense as in the first
until it reaches the point of water saturation location
where the soil cannot soak up the incoming e) 30% soil moisture and soil pH of 6.3
water. (Harimi 2018)
c. Soil moisture 4) The fourth research location is a flat area of little
The more humid the condition of a soil, the rate of trees, this location is next to the worshop building
infiltration decreases because the soil is getting closer where this location has components in the form of:
to a saturated state. (2015 candidates) a) flat land
b) Having trees that are far from the measurement
3. Explore Science Concepts and Processes location
a. Observing the Phenomenon Details of Interacted c) There is grass
Components Affecting Phenomenon. d) Very dense soil
After observing and identifying the researchers e) 10% soil moisture and soil pH of 6
determine the four fields that are the focus of the II. 4) The fourth research location is a flat
research while the components that are in the four area of little trees, this location is next to
fields: the worshop building where this location
1) The location of the first study, namely the sloping has components in the form of:
land of many trees, this location is in front of the a) flat land
workshop building where this location has b) Having trees that are far from the
components in the form of: measurement location
a) The slope of the land reaches 25O c) There is grass
b) Has tall lush trees in the form of spathodea d) Very dense soil
campanulata plants. e) 10% soil moisture and soil pH of 6
c) Soil conditions on this land are very wet which is
caused by lush trees so that it covers the sunlight b. Identifying Variables That Influence
entering the surface of the land Phenomena and Relationships Between
d) Non-dense soil structure Variables in Science Processes and
e) 30% soil moisture and soil pH of 6.3 Concepts.
1) Plants, where dense or dense plants
2) The second research location is a sloping land with such as lush tall plants or grasses will
a few trees, this location is on the path between the have roots that tend to increase rainwater
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences to FBS where infiltration. In this case the capillary
the location has components in the form of: force will carry water to the roots.
a) The slope of the land reaches 10O 2) Soil moisture, the amount of soil
b) Only have a few tall trees in the form of 2 coconut moisture greatly affects the rate of
trees, 1 mango tree which is very far apart from the infiltration.
duannya. 3) Compression by bulk particles /
c) Has a very dense grass vegetation raindrops, the force of raindrops on the
d) The structure of the soil is loose and classified as surface will reduce rainwater infiltration.
dry 4) Soil structure. The structure of the soil
e) 20% soil moisture and soil pH of 6.8 also affects infiltration if the soil has very
tightly absorbed rainwater for very long
3) The third research location is a flat area with lots pores.
of trees, this location is on the path to the UNIMA

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c. Measurement Results in the Field
Against Variables.
Infiltration measurement results at 4
different locations:
1) The first location of the sloping land is
a lot of trees
The results of research conducted on
sloping land with many trees with 30%
humidity can be seen in Figure 4.6:
Figure 4.6. Infiltration Rate
Curve in the First Land
Based on the 4.6 curve, it can be seen
that each additional 5 minutes decreases
the infiltration rate until it reaches a
constant at the 35th minute. Results
obtained using the horton method where
the average infiltration rate ranges from
20.59 cm / hour and infiltration capacity
of 16.8 cm / hours which are included in
the medium classification according to
US Soil Conservation in (Harimi, 2018).
On this land (sloping lots of trees) where
water will enter less quickly into the
ground, due to the condition of the soil on
this land is very wet caused by lush trees
so that it covers the sunlight entering the
surface of the soil. However, water
continues to enter until it reaches its
saturation point in the 35th minute
because of the lush trees that cause roots
to plants will continue to absorb the
incoming water.
2) The location of the two land sloping
slightly trees
The results of research conducted on
sloping land with few trees with 20%
humidity can be seen in Figure 4.7:
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Figure 4.7. Infiltration
Rate Curve in the Second Land
Based on the 4.7 curve, it can be seen
that each additional 5 minutes decreases
the infiltration rate until it reaches a
constant at the 45th minute. Based on
calculations using the horton method, the
average infiltration rate is 48.7 cm / hour
and the infiltration capacity is 34.8 cm /
hour including into the classification
rather quickly according to US Soil
Conservation in (Harimi, 2018). This is
because at this location rain water will
enter continuously into the ground due to
the condition of land that has low
humidity because there are no trees that
block sunlight from entering the ground
so that soil conditions that have a
humidity of 20% so that the water
content in the soil at the location it's
classified as dry. Besides this land has
vegetation vegetation in the form of
dense grass so that the roots of grass tend
to increase rainwater infiltration.
III. 3) The location of the three flat plots of
trees
The results of research conducted on flat
plots of trees with 30% humidity can be
seen in Figure 4.8:
Figure 4.8.
Infiltration rate curve in the third land
Based on the 4.8 curve, it can be seen
that each additional 5 minutes decreases
the infiltration rate until it reaches a
constant at 35 minutes. Based on
calculations using the Horton method,
the average infiltration rate is 18.0 cm /
hour and infiltration capacity of 14.4 cm
/ hour including into classification rather
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slowly according to US Soil
Conservation in (Harimi, 2018). This is
because water will enter very slowly into
the ground due to the condition of the
land which has high humidity and is
affected by the lack of light entering the
ground. However, in this land water
continues to come in because at this
location there are lush trees which cause
the water will continue to seep into the
soil until the soil experiences a saturation
point and causes puddles on flat land.
4) The fourth location is a small flat area
of trees
The results of research conducted on flat
land with few trees with a humidity of
10% can be seen in Figure 4.9.
Figure 4.9. Infiltration
rate curve on the fourth land
Based on curve 4.9, it can be seen that
each additional 5 minutes decreases the
infiltration rate until it reaches a constant
in the 20th minute. Based on calculations
using the horton formula, the average
number of infiltration rates is 9.3 cm /
hour and infiltration capacity is 8.4 cm /
hour, or categorized as slow, according to
US Soil Conservation in (Harimi, 2018).
This is because the water will enter
slowly because the condition of the soil
that has pores of the soil is very tight
(solid) so that the infiltration rate is
getting smaller. Even on this land if it
reaches saturation, there will be a puddle.
d. Conducting Graph Data Analysis and
Understanding the Infiltration Process
Infiltration capacity measurements
were carried out at four different
locations. The average number of
infiltration rates and infiltration capacity
in 4 different locations can be seen in
table 4.1
Table 4.1 Average number of infiltration
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capacities at 4 Measurement Points
Location of the average infiltration rate
measurement (cm / hour) Infiltration
capacity (cm / hour) Remarks
Sloping land of many trees 20.59 16.8
Medium
Sloping land slightly trees 48.72 34.8
Somewhat fast
Flat lots of trees 18.09 14.4 A little slow
Flat land with few trees 9.27 8.4 slow
IV.
V. 5000/5000
VI. Wates karakter: 5000
VII. From table 4.1 it can be seen that the
sloping land of many trees has an
average infiltration rate of 20.59 cm /
hour and the infiltration capacity of
16.8 cm / hour or belongs to the
medium category according to US
Soil Conservation in (Harimi 2018),
while the sloping land of a few trees
has an average average infiltration
rate of 48.72 cm / hour and infiltration
capacity of 34.8 cm / hour are
included in the rather fast category
because, on sloping land, few trees
have less moisture and the soil tends
to be very dry or the water content in
the soil is very low and there is grass.
dense so that the roots in the grass
tend to increase the absorption of rain
water, therefore at this location the
infiltration is relatively high. besides
that on flat land many trees have an
average infiltration rate of 18.09 cm /
hr and infiltration capacity of 14.4 cm
/ hr belong to the rather slow category
while flatlands of few trees have an
average infiltration rate of 9.27 cm /
hr and infiltration capacity of 8.4 cm
/ hr hour is included in the category of
slow, because on this land there is no
vegetation pepohona / grass and
dense soil so that the infiltration rate
is very small. From this information,
the four research sites have different
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infiltration values and infiltration the horizontal. □ (F = G m1m2 / r2)

capacities, where land that has low
humidity or low soil water content, F = mg
and has loose soil tectus and has solid
pepohonana / grass tends to increase
rainwater infiltration so that it y = (2y cos⁡0) / (p.g.r)
includes into the medium and fairly
fast categories. In a flat area, puddles
will occur if they reach the saturation water vapor or H2O, nitric acid,
point. carbon, sulfuric acid, gara
Formulate concepts and networks of Rainwater splash 1. Collide on the
science process concepts based on the ground
results of data analysis and (P)
references. 2. mass of rain grain (ma) and mass of
Table 4.2. Explorative Infiltration soil grain (mt)
Capacity When rain water falls, splashes of
Facts, Variable phenomena Physical rainwater occur where rainwater
concepts related Biological concepts grains have a mass that can release
related Chemical concepts Related ground surface grains that collide
scientific processes Analysis of directly with the ground, making the
synthesis ground surface grains loose. Collision
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (P)
Rain water enters the ground ρ = m / V
Rainfall
Ground surface pores The intensity of sunlight
Free fall motion
Gravity

Gravity Evaporation of heat energy Emitted

Capillary style sunlight produces changes in heat
energy that can cause the evaporation
of water so that from the evaporation
condensation event occurs and by the
influence of gravity falls rain to the
ground surface. I = F / w
Chemical content of rainwater
vt = gt
The process of the entry of rain water
into the soil through the pores of the □ (F = G m1m2 / r2)
soil surface then influenced by the F = mg
force of gravity, rain water flows
perpendicularly to the ground through
the soil profit. On the other hand the Q = m.c.ΔT
capillary force is channeling the water Infiltration in various land slope
firmly straight up, down and towards variations of trees

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1. Tilt (α)
2.Vegetation of infiltration plants □ (F = G m1m2 / r2)
Gravity F = mg
Capillary style
The intensity of the sun's light y = (2y cos⁡0) / (p.g.r)
Soil moisture type rooting
Hydrology Infiltration in the Variation of flat
Soil chemical structure land in many trees
Soil pH In the infiltration process on Vegetation Infiltration plants
sloping land many trees have a Gravity
moderate infiltration rate due to plant Capillary style
vegetation, soil moisture and the pull The intensity of sunlight
of gravity and capillary forces. Where Soil moisture.
the capillary force makes the Hydrology
incoming rainwater will flow in all Types of roots kimia tanah structure
directions including the rooting of the Soil pH On flat land many sunlight
trees. ft = fc + (fo - fc). e-tt trees will not enter into this matter
due to the canopy of plants that inhibit
□ (F = G m1m2 / r2) incoming light so that the soil
F = mg conditions become wet this results in
the rate of infiltration in the area i
y = (2y cos⁡0) / (p.g.r) VIII.
IX. f. Evaluating the Implementation of
Exploration Activities Design as
I = F / w Feedback in the Development of
Infiltration in the slope variations less Lectures and Research in the Department
of Natural Sciences.
trees
This research is a collaborative research
Slope (α) consisting of 2 researchers in a team,
There are no lush trees which is divided into science researchers
Infiltration of grass (exploring scientific concepts and
Graffiti on sloping land processes) and learning researchers
Capillary style (implementing science concepts and
Humidity processes). Science researchers also
Hydrology evaluate exploratory designs together
Types of roots in the soil chemical with learning researchers to students
structure of the soil where researchers evaluate students who
Soil pH Infiltration process on are the subjects of learning researchers.
sloping land with less trees where the
The results in this evaluation where
increase in capillary potential students still lack in finding facts and
together with gravity will accelerate linking facts with concepts. In addition,
infiltration, if the lack of soil in the process of filling the matrix, there
moisture. Besides the infiltration rate are some students who are only able to
on this land is also influenced by the fill the concepts of physics and
amount of grass tends to increase chemistry, but the concepts in biology
rainwater infiltration. ft = fc + (fo - are experiencing obstacles.
fc). e-tt
C. Discussion

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Based on research that has been carried
out at Manado State University to
explore the concepts and processes of
science in infiltration using explorative
research procedures this is new for
researchers and some students in the
research process. Because it involves the
natural environment to find a fact to be
associated with the concepts and
processes of science in infiltration.
Through observations made by
researchers with the collaboration team
of UNIMA, there are a lot of campus
areas that have lecture buildings, and
residences for students in the form of
dormitories and boarding houses, but
UNIMA also still has land that is
overgrown with trees or commonly
called large vegetation or commonly
referred to as campus forest.
This research focuses on exploring the
concepts and processes of science that
exist in infiltration. Where researchers
conducted 3 exploratory research
processes according to Medellu (2019)
the first stage of observation and
identification of the facts of the
phenomenon as well as the relationship
between the objects and the facts of the
phases of this stage, to find the land that
will be the place of research and the four
lands were obtained. The second stage is
analyzing facts and phenomena then
exploring the concepts and processes of
science in infiltration.
X.
XI. The results of the study explored
infiltration measurements on all four
fields using an infiltrometer. In
maintaining a constant height of water
that is measured is the time and large
infiltration rate only on the inner ring, the
outer part is only used to reduce the
influence of the boundary of the drier
surrounding soil so that water seepage
does not occur from the inner ring, this is
in accordance with Subagyo's statement
in Harimi (2018) which states that each
addition of water to maintain a constant
height is only measured in time and the
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Vol-3, Issue-5, Sept-Oct, 2019
ISSN: 2456-8635
amount in the inner ring. After
completing the measurements, the
necessary data is obtained, then the data
is processed using Microsoft Excel 2010
by using the Horton formula f = fc + (f0-
fc) e ^ -kt (cm / hour) to get the value of
infiltration rate and infiltration capacity
then presented in graphical form. The
results of the shaving of the four fields
there are significant differences, where
on sloping land many trees have an
average infiltration rate of 20.59 cm /
hour and infiltration capacity of 16.8 cm
/ hour or fall into the medium category
according to US Soil Conservation in
Harimi (2018) , due to soil conditions on
this land is very wet caused by lush trees
so that it covers the sunlight entering the
surface of the soil. Based on research
conducted by Wibowo (2014) infiltration
is influenced by soil moisture (moisture
conditions) on the land. High conditions
of water content in a soil cause faster
achievement of the minimum infiltration
rate. Whereas sloping land with few trees
has an average infiltration rate of 48.72
cm / hour and an infiltration capacity of
34.8 cm / hour is included in the rather
fast category, this is because in this land
there are no lush trees which cause direct
sunlight to penetrate the ground so that
the soil becomes dry and causing
infiltration to be high, this is confirmed
by Wisler and Brater (1959) in Wibowo
(2014) this effect can be demonstrated if
the soil is dry enough, then the wetting of
the upper layer and the gravitational
force cause high water potential
differences thereby increasing the
infiltration rate. On this land also has
vegetation vegetation in the form of
dense grasses so that the roots of the
grass which results in higher infiltration
rates. This is in accordance with
Kartasapoetro's statement in Harimi
(2018) which states that the speed of
infiltration will be greatly supported by
the number of soil pores where plant
roots are very supportive of the formation
of porosity in the soil. On flat land many
trees have an infiltration rate of 18.09 cm
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International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF)
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.3.5.1
/ hour and an infiltration capacity of 14.4
cm / hour are included in the rather slow
category, because the soil conditions on
this land are wet due to the lush of trees
so that it covers the sunlight entering the
surface of the soil. Based on research
conducted by Wibowo (2014) infiltration
is influenced by soil moisture (moisture
conditions) on the land. High conditions
of water content in a soil cause faster
achievement of the minimum infiltration
rate. Whereas flat land with few trees has
an average infiltration rate of 9.27 cm /
hour and an infiltration capacity of 8.4
cm / hour is included in the category of
slow or small infiltration, because this
land has dense soil so the infiltration rate
is very small. According Harimi (2018),
for the same type of soil with different
densities have different infiltration rates,
the denser the soil the smaller the
infiltration rate. From the four fields, it
can be seen that there are several factors
that affect the infiltration rate and
infiltration capacity, among others, soil
moisture, soil density and plant
vegetation. Flat land will occur
inundation if it reaches saturation point
or the intensity of the rain exceeds the
infiltration capacity. This is in
accordance with the statement of Hanks
& Ashcroft (1986) in Aidatul (2015). If
the intensity of the rain exceeds the
CONCLUSIONS
Based on research into infiltration capacity in several
fields of the State University of Manado, the
following items were found:
1. Land that has less slope and humidity or moisture
in the soil that is classified as dry, and many trees /
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Vol-3, Issue-5, Sept-Oct, 2019
ISSN: 2456-8635
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a surface runoff that can cause puddles.
The results of explorative infiltration
research have facts that can be linked to
scientific concepts and processes and
presented in matrix form. Furthermore,
the results of this study were continued
by the learning researcher in which the
learning researcher implemented the
students majoring in science education
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