Acarology, the study of ticks and mites

Actinobiology, the study of the effects of radiation upon living organisms

Actinology, the study of the effect of light on chemicals
Aerobiology, a branch of biology that studies organic particles that are transported by the air
Aerology, the study of the atmosphere
Aetiology, the medical study of the causation of disease
Agrobiology, the study of plant nutrition and growth in relation to soil
Agrology, the branch of soil science dealing with the production of crops.
Agrostology, the study of grasses
Algology, the study of algae
Allergology, the study of the causes and treatment of allergies
Andrology, the study of male health
Anesthesiology, the study of anesthesia and anesthetics
Angiology, the study of the anatomy of blood and lymph vascular systems
Anthropology, the study of humans
Apiology, the study of bees
Arachnology, the study of spiders
Archaeology, the study of past cultures
Archaeozoology, the study of relationships between humans and animals over time
Areology, the study of Mars
Astacology, the study of crawfish
Astrobiology, the study of origin of life
Astrogeology, the study of geology of celestial bodies
Audiology, the study of hearing
Autecology, the study of the ecology of any individual species
Bacteriology, the study of bacteria
Bioecology, the study of interaction of life in the environment
Biology, the study of life
Bromatology, the study of food
Cardiology, the study of the heart
Cariology, the study of cells
Cetology, the study of cetaceans (e.g., whales, dolphins)
Climatology, the study of the climate
Coleopterology, the study of beetles
Conchology, the study of shells and of molluscs
Coniology, the study of dust in the atmosphere and its effects on living organisms
Craniology, the study of the characteristics of the skull
Criminology, the scientific study of crime
Cryology, the study of very low temperatures and related phenomena
Cynology, the study of dogs
Cytology, the study of cells
Cytomorphology, the study of the structure of cells
Cytopathology, the branch of pathology that studies diseases on the cellular level
Dendrochronology, the study of the age of trees and the records in their rings
Dendrology, the study of trees
Dermatology, the study of the skin
Dermatopathology, the field of dermatological anatomical pathology
Desmology, the study of ligaments
Diabetology, the study of diabetes mellitus
Dipterology, the study of flies
Ecohydrology, the study of interactions between organisms and the water cycle
Ecology, the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment
Ecophysiology, the study of the interrelationship between an organism's physical functioning and its
environment
Edaphology, a branch of soil science that studies the influence of soil on life
Electrophysiology, the study of the relationship between electric phenomena and bodily processes
Embryology, the study of embryos
Endocrinology, the study of internal secretory glands
Entomology, the study of insects
Enzymology, the study of enzymes
Epidemiology, the study of the origin and spread of diseases
Ethology, the study of animal behavior
Exobiology, the study of life in outer space
Exogeology, the study of geology of celestial bodies
Felinology, the study of cats
Fetology , the study of the fetus Sometimes spelled foetology
Formicology , the study of ants
Gastrology or Gastroenterology , the study of the stomach and intestines
Gemology , the study of gemstones
Geobiology , the study of the biosphere and its relations to the lithosphere and atmosphere
Geochronology , the study of the age of the Earth
Geology , the study of the Earth
Geomorphology , the study of present-day landforms
Gerontology , the study of old age
Glaciology , the study of glaciers
Gynecology , the study of medicine relating to women
Hematology , the study of blood
Heliology , the study of the sun
Helioseismology , the study of vibrations and oscillations in the sun
Helminthology , the study of parasitic worms
Hepatology , the study of the liver
Herbology , the study of the therapeutic use of plants
Herpetology , the study of reptiles and amphibians
Heteroptology , the study of true bugs
Hippology , study of horses
Histology , the study of living tissues
Histopathology , the study of the microscopic structure of diseased tissue
Hydrogeology , the study of underground water
Hydrology , the study of water
Ichnology , the study of fossil footprints, tracks, and burrows
Ichthyology , the study of fish
Immunology , the study of the immune system
Karyology , the study of karyotypes (a branch of cytology)
Kinesiology , the study of movement in relation to human anatomy
Kymatology , the study of waves or wave motions
Laryngology , the study of the larynx
Lepidopterology , the study of butterflies and moths
Limnology , the study of fresh water environments
Lithology , the study of rocks
Lymphology , the study of the lymph system and glands
Malacology , the study of mollusks
Mammalogy , the study of mammals
Meteorology , the study of weather
Methodology , the study of methods
Metrology , the study of measurement
Microbiology , the study of micro-organisms
Micrology , the science of preparing and handling microscopic objects
Mineralogy , the study of minerals
Mycology , the study of fungi
Myology , the scientific study of muscles
Myrmecology , the study of ants
Nanotechnology , the study of machines at the molecular level
Nanotribology , the study of friction on the molecular and atomic scale
Nematology , the study of nematodes
Neonatology , the study of newborn infants
Nephology , the study of clouds
Nephrology , the study of the kidneys
Neurology , the study of nerves
Neuropathology , the study of neural diseases
Neurophysiology , the study of the functions of the nervous system
Nosology , the study of disease classification
Oceanology , the study of oceans
Odonatology , the study of dragonflies and damselflies
Odontology , the study of the teeth
Oncology , the study of cancer
Oology , the study of eggs
Ophthalmology , the study of the eyes
Ornithology , the study of birds
Orology , the study of mountains and their mapping
Orthopterology , the study of grasshoppers and crickets
Osteology , the study of bones
Otolaryngology , the study of the ear and throat
Otology , the study of the ear
Otorhinolaryngology , the study of the ear, nose and throat.
Paleoanthropology, the study of prehistoric people and human origins
Paleobiology , the study of prehistoric life
Paleobotany , the study of prehistoric metaphytes
Paleoclimatology , the study of prehistoric climates
Paleoecology , the study of prehistoric environments by analyzing fossils and rock strata
Paleontology , the study of fossils of ancient life
Paleophytology , the study of ancient multicellular plants
Paleozoology , the study of prehistoric metazoans
Palynology , the study of pollen
Parapsychology , the study of paranormal or psychic phenomenon that defy conventional scientific
explanations
Parasitology , the study of parasites
Pathology , the study of illness
Petrology , the study of rocks and the conditions by which they form
Pharmacology , the study of drugs
Phenology , the study of periodic biological phenomena
Phlebology , a branch of medicine that deals with the venous system
Phonology , the study of vocal sounds
Phycology , the study of algae
Physiology , the study of the functions of living organisms
Phytology , the study of plants; botany
Phytopathology , the study of plant diseases
Phytosociology , the study of the ecology of plant communities
Planetology , the study of planets and solar systems
Planktology , the study of plankton
Pomology , the scientific study of fruits
Posology , the study of drug dosage
Primatology , the study of primates
Proctology , the medical study of the rectum, anus, colon and pelvic floor
Psychobiology , the study and psychology of organisms with regard to their functions and structures
Psychology , the study of mental processes in living creatures
Psychopathology , the study of mental illness or disorders
Psychopharmacology , the study of psychotropic or psychiatric drugs
Psychophysiology , the study of the physiological bases of psychological processes
Pulmonology , the specialty in medicine that deals with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tract
Radiology , the study of rays, usually ionising radiation
Reflexology , originally the study of reflexes or of reflex responses
Rheology , the study of flow
Rheumatology , the study of rheumatic diseases
Rhinology , the study of the nose
Sarcology , a subsection of anatomy that studies the soft tissues
Sedimentology , a branch of geology that studies sediments
Seismology , the study of earthquakes
Selenology , the study of the moon
Serology , the study of blood serum
Sexology , the study of sex
Sitiology , the study of diet
Sociobiology , the study of the effect of evolution on ethology
Sociology , the study of society
Somatology , study of human characteristics
Somnology , the study of sleep
Speleology , the study or exploration of caves
Stomatology , the study of the mouth
Symptomatology , the study of symptoms
Synecology , the study of the ecological interrelationships
Technology , the study of the practical arts
Thermology , the study of heat
Tocology , the study of childbirth
Topology , the mathematical study of closeness and connectedness
Toxicology , the study of poisons
Traumatology , the study of wounds and injuries.
Tribology , the study of friction and lubrication
Trichology , the study of hair and the scalp
Typology , the study of classification
Urology , the study of the urogenital tract.
Vaccinology, the study of vaccines
Virology , the study of viruses
Volcanology (or vulcanology) , the study of volcanoes
Xenobiology , the study of non-terrestrial life
Xylology , the study of wood
Zooarchaeology , the study and analysis of animal remains at archaeological sites to reconstruct
relationships between people, animals, and their environment
Zoology , the study of animals
Zoopathology , the study of animal diseases
Zoopsychology , the study of mental processes in animals
Zymology , the study of fermentation
Definitions of the SI base units

Unit of length meter The meter is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a
time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.

Unit of mass kilogram The kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal to the mass of a particular
cylinder of platinum iridium alloy, a prototype kept in paris.

Unit of time second The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation
corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the
ground state of the caesium 133 atom.

Unit of ampere The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight
electric current parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section,
and placed 1 meter apart in vacuum, would produce between these
conductors a force equal to 2 x 10-7 newton per meter of length.

Unit of kelvin The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273.16 of
thermodynamic the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.
temperature

Unit of mole 1. The mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as
amount of many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon
substance 12; its symbol is "mol."

2. When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified and
may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles, or specified
groups of such particles.

Unit of candela The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that
luminous emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz and that has
intensity a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.

factor Prefix Symbol factor Prefix Symbol

10^24 Yotta Y 10^-1 Deci d
10^21 Zetta Z 10^-2 Centi c
10^18 Exa E 10^-3 Milli m
10^15 Peta P 10^-6 Micro ʮ
10^12 Tera T 10^-9 Nano n
10^9 Giga G 10^-12 Pico p
10^6 Mega M 10^-15 Femto f
10^3 Kilo k 10^-18 Atto a
10^2 Hecto h 10^-21 Zepto z
10^1 Deca da 10^-24 Yocto y
Albert Einstein
(1879 - 1955)
He is arguably at the pinnacle, if the popularity of all the scientists is taken into account. He
demonstrated solutions to a trio of mind-boggling topics in Physics in 1905 and shot into the limelight.
Sir Isaac Newton
(1642 - 1727)
"Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica" called "Principia" is acknowledged as the greatest
scientific book ever published. Sir Isaac Newton wrote this in 1687.
Galileo Galilei
(1564 - 1642)
He was the first to use the telescope for furnishing evidence that the Earth revolves around the Sun. This
postulate was in contrast to that held by the majority.
Charles Darwin
(1564 - 1642)
"On the origin of species by means of natural selection" is Darwin's famous book published in 1859.
Johannes Kepler
(1571 - 1630)
Kepler compiled the Mars data which enabled him to propose the "Three Laws of Planetary Motion".
Louis Pasteur
(1822 - 1895)
Some of his works are: separation of mirror image molecules and effect of polarized light, and
identification of the parasite that was killing silkworms.
James Maxwell
(1831 - 1879)
He is known for the "Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism" published in 1873. Maxwell independently
developed the "Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases".
Edwin Hubble
(1889 - 1953)
"Hubble's Law" stated that galaxies move away from each other at a speed determined by the distance
that separated them. He classified galaxies as per their distance, shape, brightness patterns and content.
Emil Fisher
(1852 - 1919)
Some of his works are: synthesis of glucose, fructose, mannose starting with glycerol, and establishing
structures for the 16 stereoisomers of the aldohexoses with glucose as the most prominent member.
Paul Dirac
(1902 - 1984)
He received a Nobel prize in 1933 for the work on anti-particles. The "Dirac equation" was a version of
the Schrodinger's equation.
Archimedes
(287 - 212 BC)
His major achievements are "The Archimedes principle in hydrostatics", the Archimedes screw and the
relation between the surface and volume of a sphere and the circumscribing cylinder.
Marie Curie
(1867 - 1934)
She won the 1903 Nobel prize in Physics and the 1911 Nobel prize in Chemistry.
Thomas Alva Edison
(1847 - 1931)
He set up the first industrial research laboratory in the world and was a world record holder of 1093
patents.
Max Planck
(1858 - 1947)
He introduced the quantum and became the recipient of the Nobel prize for Physics in 1918.
Nikola Tesla
(1856 - 1943)
In 1882, he stated the rotating magnetic field principle and invented the alternating current long-
distance electrical transmission system six years later.
Aristotle
(384 - 322 BC)
His works include Physics, Metaphysics, Politics, Poetics, Nicomachean Ethics and De Anima.
Leonardo da Vinci
(1452 - 1519)
He designed bridges, war machines, buildings, canals and forts.
Niels Bohr
(1885 - 1962)
In 1922, he won the Nobel prize for Physics. He developed the "Bohr theory of the atom and liquid
model of the atomic nucleus".
Nicholas Copernicus
(1473 - 1543)
He theorized that the Sun was the fixed point around which the motions of the planets takes place. The
Earth rotates around its axis once in a day and slow alterations in the direction of this axis cause the
precession of the equinoxes.
Rene Descartes
(1596 - 1650)
He wrote "Meditationes de prima philosophia, in quibus Dei existentia and animae a corpore distinctio,
demonstratur" in 1641.
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen
(1845 - 1923)
In 1901, he won the Nobel prize for Physics as he discovered X-rays.
Carl Sagan
(1934 - 1996)
He promoted the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence and was a pioneer of exobiology.
Jonas Salk
(1914 - 1995)
He developed a vaccine for polio in 1952.
Alexander Graham Bell
(1847 - 1922)
He is the inventor of the telephone and the metal detector.
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
(1888 - 1970)
He developed the Raman spectroscopy that provides information regarding the molecular structure.
Ernest Rutherford
(1871 - 1937)
He developed atomic theory in 1911 and classified forms of radiation.
Joseph John Thomson
(1856 - 1940)
He received the Nobel prize for Physics in 1907 and developed the mass spectrograph.
William Ramsay
(1852 - 1916)
He independently discovered Helium and shared the discovery or Argon, Krypton and Xenon.
Alfred Nobel
(1833 - 1896)
He was a chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer. He is also the inventor of
dynamite. He established a fund for the yearly Nobel prize in the areas of chemistry, physics, literature,
international peace and medicine.
William Thompson
(1775 - 1833)
He derived the second law of thermodynamics and proposed the Kelvin temperature scale.
James Prescott Joule
(1818 - 1889)
One determines the rate at which heat is produced by an electric current by using Joule's law.
Julius Robert von Mayer
(1814 - 1878)
Along with James Joule, he discovered the first law of thermodynamics.
Henry Bessemer
(1813 - 1898)
He invented an economical steel-making procedure that burnt off impurities.
Robert Bunsen
(1811 - 1899)
He developed the spectroscope and discovered Cesium and Rubidium.
Thomas Graham
(1805 - 1869)
He developed a technique to separate crystalloids from colloids, which is called "dialysis".
Michael Faraday
(1791 - 1867)
He stated the laws of electrolysis in 1833.

Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner

(1780 - 1849)
He determined the relation between elements and their atomic weight.
Amedeo Avogadro
(1776 - 1856)
He concluded that equal volumes of gases at similar conditions of temperature and pressure have the
same number of molecules.
William Henry
(1773 - 1841)
Henry's Law states that the amount of gas absorbed by water increases as the gas pressure rises.
John Dalton
(1766 - 1844)
He developed the atomic theory.
Alessandro Volta
(1745 - 1827)
He invented the practical battery using cells of two types of metals.
Antoine Lavoisier
(1743 - 1794)
He recognized and named oxygen and disproved the phlogiston theory.
Charles Augustin de Coulomb
(1736 - 1806)
He discovered the law of force between two charged bodies.
Henry Cavendish
(1731 - 1810)
He discovered hydrogen and nitric acid.
Thomas Newcomen
(1663 - 1729)
He invented the steam engine. It was eventually replaced by James Watt's improved design.
Robert Boyle
(1627 - 1691)
The Boyle's law describes the inversely proportional relationship between absolute pressure and volume
of a gas, that is, if the temperature is constantly maintained in a closed system
Blaise Pascal
(1623 - 1662)

Energy – electron volt (eV) - 1.6202176*10^-19 J

Mass- atomic mass unit- u 1.6605*10^-27 kg
Distance –astronomical unit – ua 1.4959*10^11m
Actinium Greek "aktis meaning beam or ray"
Aluminum Latin "alumen"
Americium After the Americas
Antimony Latin "stibbum meaning mark"
Argon Greek "argon"
Arsenic Greek "arsenikos" meaning male from the belief that metals were different sexes.
Astantine Greek "astatos" meaning unstable
Barium Greek "barys" meaning heavy
Berkelium Berkeley, home of the University of California
Beryllium Greek "beryl" meaning sweet
Bismuth German "weisse masse" meaning white mass
Bromine Greek "bromos" meaning stench
Cadmium Latin "cadmia" ancient name for calamine, a mineral
Calcium Latin "calx" meaning lime or limestone
Californium Named after the State and University of California
Carbon Latin "carbos" meaning charcoal
Cerium Named after the asteroid Ceres which was discovered 2 years before this element.
Cesium Latin "caesius" meaning sky blue
Chlorine Greek "chloros" meaning greenish-yellow
Chromium Greek "chroma" meaning colour
Cobalt German "kobold" meaning goblin or evil spirit
Copper Latin "cuprum" named for an island off the coast of Cypress
Curium Named after Marie and Pierre Curie
Dysprosium Greek "dysprositos" meaning 'hard to get at!'
Einsteinium Named after Albert Einstein
Erbium A town in Sweden
Europium Named after Europe
Fermium Named after Enrico Fermi
Fluorine Latin "fluere" meaning flow or flux
Francium Named after France
Gadolinium Named after Gadolin, a Fininsh chemist
Gallium Latin "gallia" meaning France
Germanium Latin "germania" meaning germany
Gold Latin "arum" meaning 'shining dawn'
Hafnium From Hafnia, the Latin name for Copenhagen
Helium Greek "helios" meaning 'the sun' where helium was first found
Holmium Latin "holmia" the Latin name of Stockholm
Hydrogen Greek "hyro" meaning water and "genes" meaning forming
Indium From the brillant indigo line in it's spectrum
Iodine Greek "iodes" meaning violet
Iridium Latin "iris" meaning rainbow
Iron Latin "ferrum" meaning grey
Krypton Greek "kryptos" meaning hidden
Lanthanum Greek "lantanein" meaning to,'lie hidden'
Lawrencium After E.O. Lawrence
Lead Latin "plumbum"
Lithium Greek "lithos" meaning stone
Lutetium From the name Lutetia, the ancient name for Paris
Magnesium From the word Magnesia which is a district in Thessaly
Manganese Latin "magnes" meaning magnet
Mendelevium After Dmitri Mendeleev, creator of the periodic table
Mercury Latin "hydrogyrum" meaning 'liquid silver' and after the planet Mercury
Molybdenum Greek "molybdos" meaning 'lead'
Neodymium Greek "neos" meaning 'new" and "didymus" meaning 'twin'
Neon Greek "neo" meaning 'new'
Neptunium After the planet Neptune
Nickel German "nickel" referring to Satan or 'Old Nick'
Niobium After 'Niobe' daughter of Tantalus in Greek mythology
Nobelium Named after Alfred Nobel, creator of the Nobel Peace Prize
Osmium Greek "osme" meaning smell
Oxygen Greek "oxys" meaning 'sharp or acid' and "genes" meaning 'forming'
Palladium Named after the asteroid 'Pallus'
Phosphorus Greek "phosphoros" meaning light-bearing, ancient name for the planet Venus
Platinum Spanish "platina" meaning silver
Plutonium After the planet Pluto
Polonium After Poland
Praseodymium Greek "prasios" meaning 'green' and "Didymus" meaning 'twin'
Promethium After Prometheus, who according to Greek mythology stole fire from the Gods on
Mount Olympus
Protactinium Greek "protos" meaning 'first'
Radium Latin "radius" meaning 'ray'
Radon Derived from the name radium
Rhenium Latin "rhenus" meaning 'The Rhine'
Rhodium Greek "rhodon" meaning 'rose'
Rubidium Latin "ribidus" meaning 'deepest red'
Ruthenium Latin "Ruthenia" meaning 'Russia'
Samarium Named after the mineral 'samarskite'
Scandium Latin "Scandia" referring to Scandanavia
Selenium Greek "selena" meaning 'moon'
Silicon Latin "silex" meaning 'flint'
Silver Latin "argentum" meaning 'silver'
Sodium Latin "sodanum", a headache remedy
Strontium Named after Strontion, a Scottish town
Sulphur Latin "sulphurium" meaning 'brimstone'
Tantalum Greek "Tantalos", Father of Niobe
Technetium Greek "technetos" meaning 'artificial'
Tellurium Latin "tellus" meaning 'earth'
Terbium A village in Sweden
Thallium Greek "thallus" meaning 'a green shoot or twig'
Thorium Named after 'thor', the Scandanavian God of War
Thulium Named after 'Thule', the most ancient name of Scandanavia
Tin Latin "stannum" meaning 'tin'
Titanium Latin "titan", the first sons of the Earth
Tungsten Swedish "tung sten" meaning 'heavy stone'
Uranium After the planet Uranus
Vanadium After the Scandanavian Goddess Vanadis
Ytterbium After Ytterby, a village in Sweden
Yttrium Same as above
Zinc German "Zink" meaning 'of obscure origin'
Zirconium Arabic "zargun" meaning 'gold colour'