ARCHITECTUR.

AL
UTILITIES 2
ELECTRICAL
&
MECHANICA
L
EOUIPMEN
TS

• THE NEW∙
LADDER
TYPE
CURRICULUM
REVISED EDITlON

GEORGE SALINDA SALVAN ... fuap

• ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
College of Engineering and Architecture
Baguio Colleges Foundation 1980-1988
• First and lone graduate of B.S.
Architecture, 1963 North of Manila, St.
Louis University Baguio City
• Former instructor 1965-1969 at St. Louis University
• Recipient of various ACE certificates, Architects
Continuing Education Program
• A licensed Architect, active practitioner and
a licensed building constructor, inyentor and a board topnotcher.
• Past president of United Architects Phils. Baguio Chapter 1982 and 1983
• Elected National Director; UAP, Regional District I for the year 1987.
• Conferred the title of "FELLOW" United
Architects Phils. College of Fellows, October,
1988

. JMC PRESS, INC.

388 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City
PhHippine Copyright 1999 by:
JMC PRESS,
INC. and
GEORGE S. SALVAN

All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced
in any manner without permission of
the publisher.

REVISED EDITION

ISBN : 971-11-0997-2
Published and Printed
by:
JMC PRESS, INC.
388 QUEZON AVENUE, QUEZON
CITY Tel. Nos. 410-9534 •
740∙8817 TELEFAX: 712-4929

Distributed by:
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 Dedicated to all future
Architects and Engineers

The hope for a functional,

comfortable and convenient
designs for better living.
..
'
 ACKNOWLEDGM∙EN
TS

The completion of this book was made into reality through the patient and
efforts of the artist and graduate of architecture, Mr. Johnny Tino Camsol.
Special thanks are also acknowledge to the following artist who
contributed in making draw-ings notably, Roy Pagador, Albert Martin, who
help in the cover design, Fermin Balangcod, Jerry Jun Suyat; Geoffrey
Behis, Charles Alanqui and Clamor Lecitona, all from the GSS Construction
and Trading Enterprises.
To the ones who lent unselfishly their Books, like Dean Aveline Cruz of the
Baguio Colleges Foundation Engineering Department and Miss Macabiog, a
Librarian of the same school.
To Mr. Luis V. Canave who guided me on the complete process of publishing
and printing books and to Mr. Francisco C. Malicsi, Teresita G. Espinoza,
Eduardo C. Villanueva and Paraides G. Aragones for their untiring
cooperation in preparing the manuscripts typewritten by Miss Thelma T.
Villareal in computerized typesetting.
To the many students of Architecture whose curiosity about and interest in
Electrical and Mechanical Equipment and its realization in book form have
been a source of inspiration.

And lastly the author wants to acknowledge his heavy indebtedness to the
various authors listed in the bibliography.
v
 PREFAC
E

Since the curriculum for B.S. Architecture was revised, there is a need
for a more comprehensive study of the subject in Electrical and
Mechanical equipments.

The Architect is the prime professional and author of the building

aesign with which a project will be constructed, he functions as the
creator and coordinator of the different aspects involved in the planning
and as such, Architects has to be knowledgeable in a summer of fields
in addition to those that are concerned mainly with the building design
for him to properly assist and serve his client. After the design is
approved, the complete con-struction drawings and specifications are
prepared. It is here where the specifications and detailed construction
drawings setting forth in detail the work required for Electrical and
Mechanical equipments and other service-connected equipments is
done.

This book is intended as a practical guide to good electrical and

mechanical designing in architecture. It is written primarily for
architects, engineers, and students of architecture, electrical
engineering and civil engineering, and all others who wish a non-
mathematical but comprehensive treatise on this subject. Useful design
data have been presented in such a manner that the text can serve as a
convenient handbook in the solution of most problems encountered in
Architecture & Electrical/Mechanical equipments. A strong trend in
modern architectural treatment is the casual acceptance of equipment
as a design element, together with aesthetics, function, and structure.
For example, the inclination to hide equipment behind furring is
diminishing.

The book is divided into three parts. It is arranged in a sequential

manner so as to guide the reader from the energy and environment to
the indoor climate control which is discussed lengthily here, the author
features the solar energy and fireplace designs which is fast becoming
a part of modern design.

The second part deals with electricity and starts from the principles to
the systems and wiring materials to the service and utilization. When
the reader has a background of these subject matter then he is new
ready for the wiring design of the whole system.
The third part deals on Signal equipment and the vertical transportation
which comprises the elevator and escalators. On the Appendix is included
some highlights of acoustics and lighting which is to be discussed more in
detail in a future book the author is preparing.

Each subject matter is accompanied immediately with the

corresponding illustrations for clarity and the excerpts from the
electrical code is also included.
vii
 TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Chapte
r
1 PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY..........................................................1
Electric Energy, 2
Unit of Electric Current; The Ampere, 2
Unit of Electric Potential; The Volt, 3
Unit of Electric Resistance; The Ohm, 3
Ohm'sLaw, 4
Circuit Arrangements, 4 ..
Direct Current and Alternating Current (d-e and a-c}, 9
Electric Power Generation, 10
Power and Energy, 11
Power and Electric Circuits, 11
Energy and Electric Circuits, 12
Chapte Electric Load Control, 13
r Electrical Measurements, 19

2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM AND MATERIALS: WIRING ..........21

System Components, 22
National Electric Code, 24
Economics of Material Selection, 41
Energy Consideration, 41
Electrical Equipment Rating
Interior Wiring System, 42
Conductors, 43
Conductor Ampacity, 44
Conductor Insulation and Jackets, 44
Copper and Aluminum Conductors, 47
Flexible Metal Clad Cable, 47
Conductors for General Wiring, 48
Non Metallic Sheated Cable, 48
Special Cable Types, 49
Busway, 50
Cable Bus, 52
Flat Cable Assemblies, 53
Cable Tray, 56
Closed Raceways, 56
Chapt Floor Raceways, 63
er Ceiling Raceway System, 70
Prewired Ceiling Distribution System, 72
Boxes and Cabinets, 72

3 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS SERVICE &

UTILIZATION
......................................................................................................................................
Electric Service, 75
75 Overhead Service, 76
Underground Service, 76
Underground Wiring, 78
Service Equipment; 79
Transformers, 79
Service Equipment∙Arrangements and Metering, 82
ix