Geology and Oceanography: The Earth-its status & art-interior-age; Active geological

processes (volcanoes, earthquakes, erosion, glaciations); Genesis of rocks, types of rocks,

distribution of rocks in the continents and oceans; Plate tectonic model- critical assessment
of various views; Bathymetric studies in understanding the oceans- PDR, SOPAR, Mohole
project, and Preparation of submarine atlas; Oceanic features (contain shelf-floor slope
ridges, oceanic sedimentation, and understanding of modern terminology); General
characteristics of the seas, bottom topography, coastline and beaches; Physical properties of
seawater, light penetration and colour of the sea; heat budget of the oceans, distribution of
salinity, temperature and density, water masses; Causes of ocean currents, surface& sub-
surface circulation; Ice formation and decay, distribution and movement of ice;