v2.08.012 Modal Analysis Code Aster

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Titre : FORMA12 - Travaux pratiques de la formation « Anal[...] Date : 31/07/2015 Page : 1/22
Responsable : TAMPANGO Yannick Clé : V2.08.012 Révision :
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FORMA12 – Practical works of the formation

“introduction to the linear & non-linear dynamic
analysis”
Summary:
This case east is an introduction to the use of Code_Aster for the dynamic transitory analysis (linear and non-
linear). It deals with thick plate of steel, prone to a sinewave excitation on a mobile plate.
The plate is modelled in elements 3D. One compares the transitory analysis on modal basis with a direct
transitory analysis. In the last part one takes into account the plasticity of steel by a non-linear law.
Various modelings approached are:
• modeling a: analyzes modal;

• direct modeling b: transitory;
• modeling C: transient on modal basis;
• modeling D: T transitory on modal basis with static correction;
• modeling E: non-linear transient.
The first chapter presents the geometry and the data common to all modelings.
Warning : The translation process used on this website is a "Machine Translation". It may be imprecise and inaccurate in whole or in part and is
provided as a convenience.
Copyright 2019 EDF R&D - Licensed under the terms of the GNU FDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
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1 Introduction
1.1 Geometry
The study relates to a thick steel plate. Its geometry is simple. It is about a simple flattened cube:
length 2,0 mètres , width 2,0 mètres and thickness 0,003 mètre [Figure 1.1-1].
The plate firmly is embedded on one on its sides (ENCAS) and is fixed on a mobile plate.
One wishes to calculate the displacement of a point located on the higher face in a corner of plate,
contrary to embedding (not P) [Figure 1.1-2].
2m
2m
0.03 m
z
y
x
Figure 1.1-1
E
N
C
A
S
y
x
Figure 1.1-2
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1.2 Materials
Steel, for the linear analyses, is regarded as an isotropic, elastic material linear: S
• Young modulus: E =200 000.106 Pa ,
• coefficient of Fish: =0,3 ,
• density: =8 000 kg /m3
1.3 Boundary conditions and loading

The plate is embedded on one on its sides.
An engineer inattentive (or somewhat facetious) made an error in the parameters of the mobile plate.
Instead of the request envisaged (a synthetic accélérogramme), he sent a simple sinusoidal signal but
of very strong amplitude. The plate was not designed for such a jolt and one seeks to determine the
movement which the plate could undergo during this unfortunate test.
The entry signal is a simple sine of frequency 15 Hertz .

The amplitude is 30g horizontally and 30g vertically to the bottom ( g =10 m/s 2 ).
The duration of the signal is 0.5 s .
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2 Modeling A – modal Analysis

2.1 Objectives
To have an idea of the dynamic properties of the system, one starts with a modal analysis.
The geometry is drawn then with a grid under SALOME-MECA. The first modes of the plate are then
calculated with Code_Aster.
2.1.1 Geometry in SALOMÉ

One models the system in SALOMÉ.
In the module Geometry, the menu is used New Entity > Primitive > Box to build a box
with the dimension of the problem.
To specify in Code_Aster the boundary conditions and to identify the nodes useful for postprocessings,
one needs to name some elements of the geometry and some nodes.
It is done thanks to New Entity > Group > Create.
The plate is fixed on one on the sides. One makes use of a point of the higher face, in an opposite
angle at the embedded edge, like node of postprocessing.
To be able to specify the smoothness of the grid in the thickness of the plate, it can be useful to create
a group corresponding to stops vertical of one of the corners of the plate.
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2.1.2 Grid in SALOMÉ

The following stage is the creation of the grid by the module Mesh. Many mailleurs are available in
the software.
To obtain a regulated and prédictible grid, a choice possible is:
Hexahedron (I, J, K) /Quadrangle (Mapping) /Wire discretization
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To avoid a too fine grid in the thickness of the plate, one advises to create a under-grid on one of stop
corner.
N.B.: one should not forget “to propagate” the discretization of stops corner chosen on the others by
specifying it in “ Add. Hypothesis ”.
Like compromise meanwhile of calculation and precision, one will be able to create 40 elements in the
width from the plate and 2 in the thickness.
A coarse grid then is obtained but this defect can be to compensate by quadratic elements.
To pass from linear elements to quadratic elements one uses the following option in the menu
meshing : Modification > Convert to/from quadratic .
At the end of the procedure, the grid understands 4725 nodes and 800 elements 3D.
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2.2 Modal analysis with Code_Aster

To calculate the first modes in simple cases with Code_Aster, the simplest tool is probably the
assistant available in SALOME-MECA.
Once activated the module Aster, one uses Wizards aster > Modal Analysis and one can
let oneself guide by the few dialog boxes.
If the calculation of 4 modes is asked for, one should obtain the modes until a frequency of 50 Hz .
It is a careful choice since the frequency of excitation rises only with 15 Hz .
N.B.: thanks to the editor of orders Eficas, one can modify the command file and directly choose the
option of calculation on a tape frequencies.
It is simply enough to specify, in CALC_MODES, the following option:
OPTION=' BANDE', CALC_FREQ=_F (FREQ= (0. , 50.),)
2.3 Postprocessing in PARAVIS

Postprocessing in SALOME/PARAVIS is rather intuitive. However some stages should be known:
• initially to charge the module PARAVIS
• To explore a result with format MED, one imports the file of results thanks to
WireE > Open Paraview Slips by.
• One “creates” the vectors of visualization of displacements by reading the modes by the
action of the button “apply ” (not to forget to notch the option “ GenerateVectors ”)
• The filter “warp” makes it possible to obtain the deformation of the mode.
• By a menu of the bar top, One can also choose to color the deformation.
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Here, by way of an example some modal deformations:
Illustration 1: First mode (6.3 Hz) Illustration 2: Second mode (13.4 Hz)
Illustration 3: Third mode (38.6 Hz) Illustration 4: Fourth Mode (49.0 Hz)
To check the quality of the grid, one can, of course, make a study of convergence according to the
smoothness of the grid. But on such a simple geometry, it is possible to find a good approximation by
an analytical formula (for example in Formulated for Stress, Structural Strain, and Matrices, Walter D.
Pikey – éd. John Wiley & Sounds, Inc. 1994).
In the studied case, one finds:

f1=6.23 Hz
f3=38.16 Hz
The results given by Code_Aster are thus rather precise, in spite of the coarseness of the grid.
With a linear grid, the results would not have been also good.
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3 Modeling B – direct transitory Analysis

3.1 Problem and draft of calculation
One now wishes to calculate the movement of the plate on his mobile plate. One starts with the most
natural calculation, direct calculation on physical basis. Platform SALOME-MECA does not propose
yet of assistant. But one can help oneself of the graphic and syntactic assistance to the drafting of the
command files, EFICAS:
The principal stages of the command file are;
• beginning: BEGINNING
• reading of the grid: LIRE_MAILLAGE
• construction of the model: AFFE_MODELE
• definition of materials: DEFI_MATERIAU
• affection of materials to the various groups of the grid: AFFE_MATERIAU
• boundary conditions: AFFE_CHAR_MECA
• definition of the loading:
AFFE_CHAR_MECA (PESANTEUR=_F (GRAVITE=300., DIRECTION= (- 1,0,1))
• construction of the matrices of mass and stiffness and of the vector of second
member:ASSEMBLY
• definition of a list of moments (One can take a list of moments on 0.5 s with a step of
time of 0.002 s ) : DEFI_LIST_REEL
• definition of the modulation in time (sine of period 15×2 π seconds): FORMULA
• transitory analysis: DYNA_VIBRA (TYPE_CALCUL=' TRAN', BASE_CALCUL=' PHYS')
• recovery of displacement in a point: RECU_FONCTION
• impression of the curve: IMPR_FONCTION
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3.2 Results
Let us see the curve of the results:
One observes a sinusoidal answer to the frequency of excitation. This sinusoidal answer nevertheless
is strongly modulated by the answer of the first clean mode of the plate.
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4 Modeling C – analyzes transitory on modal basis

4.1 Problem and indices
The transitory analysis can also be done more effectively by projecting the problem on a modal basis.
One proposes to compare this method with direct transitory calculation.
The procedure is close to that of modeling B. One must simply pay attention to be projected
(PROJ_BASE) S equations on the modes, which one already calculated with modeling A. to save time,
if one took the precaution to save the modal base in a “base” ASTER, one can avoid taking again
modal calculation and directly beginning the command file with CONTINUATION.
• recovery of the results of modeling a: CONTINUATION

• definition of the loading of gravity:
• elementary calculation of the second member: CALC_VECT_ELEM
• assembly of the vector of loading to the second member : ASSE_VECTEUR
• projection of the matrices of mass, stiffness and the vector of loading: PROJ_BASE
• data of the multiplicative function in time (sine of period 15×2 π s) : FORMULA
• transitory calculation on modal basis: DYNA_VIBRA (TYPE_CALCUL=' TRANS',
BASE_CALCUL=' GENE')
• recovery of the displacement of the point P RECU_FONCTION (RESU_GENE)
• impression of curved P/temps displacement:IMPR_FONCTION
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4.2 Results
For vertical displacement one gets results very close to direct transitory calculation.
But if one examines displacements in the horizontal direction, they are rather different!!!
Though the modal base was calculated beyond 45 Hz and that the usual rule was complied with
recommending to twice cover the maximum frequency of the excitation, in the horizontal direction,
the method by modal projection moves away from the direct result.
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What did it occur?

The plate is in fact very stiff in its plan (horizontal direction). The clean modes thus represent only
imperfectly this movement. To restore it correctly, it would be necessary to take much more clean
modes.
A method is shown however much more powerful. It is the method of the static correction, which
makes it possible to take into account the “static” contribution of the structure the movement.
Following modeling is an example of its use.
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5 Model D static correction a posteriori

5.1 Procedure of calculation
The stages are rather close to the method without static correction. But one adds some stages to take
into account the deformations due to the static effects of the loading.
Caution! One should not forget to include the correction at the time of the return towards the physical
base.
• taken again modal base:CONTINUATION

• definition of the loading of gravity:
• elementary calculation of the second member: CALC_VECT_ELEM
• assembly of the vector of loading to the second member : ASSE_VECTEUR
• calculation of the static correction: MACRO_ELAST_MULT
• projection of the matrices of mass, stiffness and the vector of loading: PROJ_BASE
• data of the multiplicative function in time (sine of period 15×2  s) : FORMULA
• One needs also the derivative first and seconds for the multiplicative function in time
: formula (if one knows their analytical form or CALC_FONCTION for a digital
approximation)
• transitory calculation on modal basis: DYNA_VIBRA (TYPE_CALCUL=' TRANS',
BASE_CALCUL=' GENE') – to give behind MODE_CORR static deformation and to
specify behind D_FONC_DT and D_FONC_DT2 the derivative first and seconds
• recovery of the displacement of the point P RECU_FONCTION (RESU_GENE).
Not to forget CORR_STAT=' OUI'
• impression of curved P/temps displacement:IMPR_FONCTION
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5.2 Results
Thanks to the static correction, the results are much better.
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6 Modeling E – dynamics non-linear

6.1 Objective
One now seeks to determine the damage of the plate caused by the excessive amplitude of the instruction in
acceleration. One uses a law of plasticity to consider the deformation residual, following the unfortunate test.
6.2 Procedure of calculation

To calculate the dynamic non-linear behavior, one uses the operator of use general DYNA_NON_LINE.
It is close to STAT_NON_LINE and its use as a close relation. The principal difference is due to the
diagram of integration in time and the influence of inertia (matrix of mass).
To compare the linear and non-linear results, one can leave modeling B.
The first orders (reading of the grid, definition of the model, materials… °) are the same ones.
The principal stages are:
• beginning: BEGINNING
• reading of the grid: LIRE_MAILLAGE
• construction of the model _AFFE_MODELE
• definition of the properties nonlinear materials: DEFI_MATERIAU
• assignment of materials: AFFE_MATERIAU
• boundary conditions: AFFE_CHAR_MECA
• loadings: AFFE_CHAR_MECA
• definition of a list of moments (one can calculate on 0.5 s with a step of 0.002 s ) :
DEFI_LIST_REEL then DEFI_LIST_INST
• modulation in time (sine of pulsation 15×2  ) : FORMULA
• transitory calculation: DYNA_NON_LINE (one can use the diagram of NEWMARK)
• recovery of displacement at the point P RECU_FONCTION
• impression of the curve:IMPR_FONCTION
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6.3 To enter a non-linear behavior

One considers, for the behavior of the plate, a behaviour elastoplasic with a kinematic damping.
The elastic limit is 200 MPa .

And one takes E /100 like rate of work hardening.
The properties of steel thus entered as follows:
E = 2.E11
BA_PLAS=DEFI_MATERIAU (ELAS=_F (E=E, NU=.3, RHO=8000.,),
ECRO_LINE=_F (D_SIGM_EPSI = E/100, SY = 200.0E6),)
In DYNA_NON_LINE one specifies an incremental behavior with a field of elasticity delimited by a

criterion of Von Mises:
COMPORTEMENT=_F (RELATION = ‘VMIS_CINE_LINE’,

DEFORMATION=' PETIT',
TOUT=' OUI',),
To facilitate convergence, one can exploit the iteration count before the procedure of linearization of
Newton-Raphson is declared in failure:
CONVERGENCE=_F (ITER_GLOB_MAXI=30,),
If the algorithm still does not converge, the step of time will be reduced. With this intention, one must
create heuristics of choice of step of time using DEFI_LIST_INST. If the convergence criteria are
not reached with a step of time, it will be subdivided in 5 pas de smaller times.
LIS=DEFI_LISTE_INST (DEFI_LIST=_F (METHODE=' MANUEL',

LIST_INST=LIR,),
ECHEC=_F ( SUBD_NIVEAU=5,
SUBD_PAS_MINI=1e-5,
SUBD_METHODE=' MANUEL',),);
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6.4 Analysis of the results

6.4.1 Course of calculation
With the reading of the file of message “.mess”, one observes that the iteration count increases when
the material enters a non-linéairre field, a contrario linear elastic steps, where convergence is done in
a single iteration.
For example of time t=0.264 s at time 0.266 s :

---------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT OF CALCULATION: 2.640000000E-01
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| ITERATIONS | RESIDUE | RESIDUE | OPTION |
| NEWTON | RELATIVE | ABSOLUTE | ASSEMBLY |
| | RESI_GLOB_RELA | RESI_GLOB_MAXI | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | 4.08427E-15 | 2.33520E-10 |TANGENT |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT OF CALCULATION: 2.660000000E-01
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| ITERATIONS | RESIDUE | RESIDUE | OPTION |
| NEWTON | RELATIVE | ABSOLUTE | ASSEMBLY |
| | RESI_GLOB_RELA | RESI_GLOB_MAXI | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 X | 3.15414E-03 X | 2.09053E+02 |TANGENT |
| 1 X | 3.65097E-04 X | 2.41984E+01 | |
| 2 X | 4.13886E-05 X | 2.74321E+00 | |
| 3 X | 4.69114E-06 X | 3.10926E-01 | |
| 4 | 5.31736E-07 | 3.52431E-02 | |
In certain cases, the algorithm can not converge before the 30 allowed iterations. That causes a
subdivision of the step of time. Total time CPU increases.
One can compare the computing times required by DYNA_LINE_TRAN and DYNA_NON_LINE in the
file “.resu”.
For example one finds 7 s for DYNA_VIBRA (TYPE_CALCUL=' TRAN', BASE_CALCUL='
PHYS') and 692 s for DYNA_NON_LINE.
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6.4.2 Analysis of the curve of displacement
It is observed that, compared to elastic design:

• plasticity “deadens” the amplitude of the answer;
• the apparent frequency of the structure decreases slightly.
These observation are a sign of the easing of the structure under the effect of plasticity.

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FORMA12 – Practical works of the formation

Various modelings approached are:

• modeling a: analyzes modal;

1.3 Boundary conditions and loading

The entry signal is a simple sine of frequency 15 Hertz .

2 Modeling A – modal Analysis

2.1.1 Geometry in SALOMÉ

2.1.2 Grid in SALOMÉ

2.2 Modal analysis with Code_Aster

2.3 Postprocessing in PARAVIS

Here, by way of an example some modal deformations:

In the studied case, one finds:

3 Modeling B – direct transitory Analysis

The principal stages of the command file are;

4 Modeling C – analyzes transitory on modal basis

• recovery of the results of modeling a: CONTINUATION

What did it occur?

5 Model D static correction a posteriori

• taken again modal base:CONTINUATION

6 Modeling E – dynamics non-linear

6.2 Procedure of calculation

The principal stages are:

6.3 To enter a non-linear behavior

The elastic limit is 200 MPa .

The properties of steel thus entered as follows:

In DYNA_NON_LINE one specifies an incremental behavior with a field of elasticity delimited by a

COMPORTEMENT=_F (RELATION = ‘VMIS_CINE_LINE’,

LIS=DEFI_LISTE_INST (DEFI_LIST=_F (METHODE=' MANUEL',

6.4 Analysis of the results

For example of time t=0.264 s at time 0.266 s :

MOMENT OF CALCULATION: 2.640000000E-01

MOMENT OF CALCULATION: 2.660000000E-01

6.4.2 Analysis of the curve of displacement

It is observed that, compared to elastic design:

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