Problem 1

An open rectangular tank 8m long. 5.5m wide and 5.25m deep is completely filled
with water. If the tank is moved with an acceleration of 3m/s 2, find the slope of the free surface
of water and the quantity of water which will spill out of the tank.

𝜃
h

5.25 m

8m 8m

(a) Before acceleration (b) After acceleration

Given:

𝑙 = 8𝑚

𝑏 = 5.5 𝑚

𝑑 = 5.25 𝑚
𝑎 = 3 𝑚⁄𝑠 2

Required:

(a) Slope (𝜃)

(b) Quantity of water (V)

Solution:
(a) Slope of the free surface of water
𝑎
tan 𝜃 = 𝑔

3
tan 𝜃 = 9.81
3
θ = tan−1 9.81

𝜃 = 17°

(b) Quantity of water which will spill out of the tank

h = 8tan 𝜃

h = 2.45m

1
V = 2 × 8 × 5.5 × 2.45 = 53.81 𝑚3 = 53810 𝐿

V = 53810 L
Problem 2

Determine the maximum horizontal acceleration of the tanker such that the gasoline will
just reach its top end.

Given:

Depth = 2.2 m

L=8m

H=3m

Required:

(a) Maximum ah

Solution:
0.80

4m

𝑎ℎ 0.80
tan 𝜃 = =
𝑔 4

𝑎ℎ 0.80
=
9.81 4

ah = 1.962 m / s2
Problem 3

If the tanker is closed and completely filled with the gasoline and accelerated
horizontally at 2 m / s2 determine the total liquid thrust on the front end and on the rear end.

Given :

a = 2 m / s2

H=2m

L = 10 m

W=2m

S = 0.80

Required :

(a) F(front)

(b) F(rear)

Solution :

(a)
̅̅̅̅
F(front) = 𝛾ℎA
2
F(front) = 0.80(9.81)(2)(2)(2)

F(front) = 31.392 kN

(b)
𝑎ℎ 2 ℎ
tan 𝜃 = = =
𝑔 9.81 10

h = 2.4 m

F(rear) = 𝛾ℎ̅𝐴
2
F(rear) = 0.75(9.81)(2.04 + 2)(2)(2)

F(rear) = 89.47 kN
Problem 4

An open horizontal tank 3 m high, 4 m wide and 10 m long is full of water. It is

accelerated horizontally in the direction parallel to the length of the tank. The magnitude of the
acceleration is 8 m / s2. How much water is spilled out? What is the force acting on the side
with the greatest depth? What is the force acting on the side with the least depth?

Given :

H=3m

W=4m

L =10 m

a = 8 m / s2

Required :

(a) V(spilled)

(b) F(greatest depth)

(c) F(least depth)

Solution :

(a)
𝑎 4 𝑦
tan 𝜃 = = = 10
𝑔 9.81
y = 4.077 m

1
V(spilled) = 2 (10)(4.077)(4)

V(spilled) = 81.55 m3

(b)

F(greatest depth) = 𝛾ℎ̅𝐴

3
F(greatest depth) = 9.81(2)(3)(4)

F(greatest depth) = 176.58 kN

(c)

F(least depth) = 𝛾ℎ̅𝐴

3−4.077
F(least depth) = 9.81( )(3-4.077)(4)
2

F(least depth) = 22.28 kN

Problem 5

A rectangular container mounted on a truck is 4 m long, 0.8 m wide, 3.0 m high,

contains water at about 3/5 full. What horizontal acceleration the container be in order not to
spilled out water? How much water remains in the vessel if it has acceleration of 10 m / s 2.

Given :

L=4m

W = 0.80 m

H=3m

Water = 3 / 5

a = 10 m / s2

Required :

(a) a
(b) V(remain)

Solution :

(a)
2 𝑎
tan 𝜃 = =
5 9.81

a = 3.924 m / s2
 (b)
10
tan 𝜃 = 9.81

10
𝜃 = tan−1 (9.81)

𝜃 = 45.55 °
Problem 1

An open cylindrical tank having a diameter of 5 m and height of 9 m is filled with water
to a depth of 5 m. If it is rotated about its vertical axis. Determine the maximum angular speed
that the tank should be rotated so that no water will be spilled out of the tank.

Given :

D=5m

H=9m

Depth of water = 5 m

Required :

(a) Maximum angular speed

Solution :
𝑤2𝑟2
y= 2𝑔

𝑤 2 (2.5)2
8= 2(9.81)

𝑟𝑎𝑑 60
𝑤 = 5.011 (2𝜋)
𝑠

𝑤 = 47.855 rpm
Problem 2

Determine the angular speed that the tank should be rotated so that the pressure at the
center of the tank is zero. Diameter is 10 m and y is equal to 17 m.

Given :

Y= 17 m

D = 10

Required :

(a) Angular Speed

Solution :
𝑤2𝑟2
y= 2𝑔

𝑤 2 52
17 = 2(9.81)

𝑟𝑎𝑑 60
𝑤 = 3.65 (2𝜋)
𝑠

𝑤 = 34.8799 rpm

Problem 3

What angular speed must the tank with diameter of 3m , 5 m high be rotated so that no
water will be at the bottom of the tank within a radius of 0.5 m?
Given :

D1 = 3m
R1 =1.5 m
R2 = 0.5
H=5m

Required :

(b) Angular Speed

Solution :

𝑦−5 𝑦
=
0.52 1.52

y = 5. 625 m

𝑤 2 (1.5)2
5.625 = 2(9.81)
𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑤 = 7.00357 𝑠
60
7.00357 (2𝜋) = 66.88 rpm

𝑤 = 66.88 rpm
Problem 4

An open cylindrical vessel 3 m in diameter and 4.2 m high is 3/5 full of water. Compute the
amount of water in liters that will be pilled out is the vessel is rotated about its vertical axis at a
constant angular speed of 100 rpm.

𝑤 = 100 𝑟𝑝𝑚

1.68
h

4.2
2.52
r = 0.6 m

Given:

D=3m

H = 4.2 m

H (water) = 3/5

𝑤 = 100 rpm

Required:

(a) V(spilled)

Solution:
𝑤2𝑟2
ℎ= 2𝑔

𝜋
𝑤 = 100 𝑟𝑝𝑚 × 30

10𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑤= 3 𝑠

10𝜋 2
( ) (1.5)2
3
ℎ= 2(9.81)

ℎ = 12.576 𝑚
ℎ
= 6.288𝑚 > 1.68𝑚 (some liquid spilled)
2

V(spilled) = V(air final) - V(air initial)

𝜋(1.5)2 (12.576)
V(spilled) = 2
− 𝜋(1.5)2 (1.68 ) -

V(spilled) = 32.572 m3 x 1000 L/m3

V(spilled) = 32572.03 Liters

Problem 5

A 2 m diameter closed cylinder, 3 m high is completely filled with oil having sp. gr. Of 0.8
under a pressure of 8 kg/cm2 at the top.(a) What angular speed can be imposed on the
cyclinder so that the maximum pressure at the bottom of the tank is 18 kg/cm 2? (b) Compute
the pressure force exerted by oil on the side of the tank in kg.

r=1
m

𝑤
h

ℎ̅ 𝑝1/𝛾

ℎ2 =
𝑝2
3m

𝛾
3
Oil (s=0.8)
m

2𝜋(1)
= 2𝜋

Given:

D=2m

H=3m

sp. gr. = 0.8

P(top) = 8 kg/cm2

P(bottom) = 18 kg/cm2

Required:

(a) 𝑤
(b) 𝐹

Soution:

Unit weight of oil, 𝛾 = 1000(0.8)

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
Unit weight of oil, 𝛾 = 800 𝑚3 = 0.0008 𝑐𝑚3

𝑤2𝑟2
(a) ℎ = 2𝑔
solve for ℎ:
𝑝1 8
= 0.0008 = 10000 𝑐𝑚
𝛾

𝑝1
= 100 𝑚
𝛾

𝑝2
ℎ2 = 𝛾

18
ℎ2 =
0.0008
 𝑝2
ℎ2 = 𝛾

ℎ2 = 22500 𝑐𝑚 = 225 𝑚
𝑝1
ℎ = ℎ2 − 3 − 𝑤

ℎ = 225 − 3 − 100

ℎ = 122
𝑤 2 (1)2
122 = 2(9.81)

𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑤 = 48.92 𝑠

𝑤 = 567.198 𝑟𝑝𝑚

(b) 𝐹 = 𝛾ℎ̅ 𝐴
3
ℎ̅ = ℎ2 − = 223.5 𝑚
2
𝐹 = 800(223.5)[(2𝜋)(1.5)(3)]
𝐹 = 5.06 x 106 kg
Problem 1

A container accelerates up a 45° slope at 8m/s2. Find the angle 𝜃 of fluid surface.

35°

Given:

𝛼 = 35°
𝑚
𝑎=8
𝑠2
Required:

𝜃𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒

Solution:
𝑚 𝑚
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠35° = (8 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠35° = 6.55
𝑠2 𝑠2
𝑚 𝑚
𝑎𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛35° = (8 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛35° = 4.59
𝑠2 𝑠2

𝑎𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑔 ± 𝑎𝑦
𝑚
6.55 2
−1 𝑠
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝑚 𝑚 )
9.81 2 +4.59 2
𝑠 𝑠

𝜃 = 24.45°
Problem 2
𝑚
A vessel containing oil is accelerated on a plane inclined 25° with the horizontal at 2 .
𝑠2
Determine the inclination of the oil surface when the motion is (a) upwards, and (b)
downwards.

25°

Given:

𝛼 = 25°
𝑚
𝑎=2
𝑠2
Required:

(a) 𝜃𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠
(b) 𝜃𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠

Solution:
𝑎𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑔 ± 𝑎𝑦
𝑚 𝑚
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠25° = (2 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠25° = 1.81
𝑠2 𝑠2
𝑚 𝑚
𝑎𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛25° = (2 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛25° = 0.85
𝑠2 𝑠2

(a) 𝜃𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠

𝑚
1.81 2
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1
( 𝑠
𝑚 𝑚)
9.81 2 + 0.85 2
𝑠 𝑠

𝜃 = 9.63°

(b) 𝜃𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠

𝑚
1.81 2
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1
( 𝑠
𝑚 𝑚)
9.81 2 − 0.85 2
𝑠 𝑠

𝜃 = 11.42°
Problem 3

The tank of water accelerates uniformly by rolling without friction down the 15° inclined
plane. What is the angle 𝜃 of the free surface?

Given:

𝛼 = 15°

Required:

𝜃𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Solution:

∑ 𝐹 = 𝑊𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑎= = 𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛15° = 0.26𝑔
𝑚

𝑎𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑔 + 𝑎𝑦
0.26𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠15°
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
𝑔+0.26𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛15°

𝜃 = 15°. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑡𝑠𝑙𝑒𝑓 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑.
Problem 4
𝑚
A vessel containing oil is accelerated on a plane inclined 35° with the horizontal at 5 .
𝑠2
Determine the inclination of the oil surface when the motion is (a) upwards, and (b)
downwards.

Given:

𝛼 = 35°
𝑚
𝑎=5
𝑠2
Required:

(c) 𝜃𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠
(d) 𝜃𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠

Solution:
𝑎𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑔 ± 𝑎𝑦
𝑚 𝑚
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠35° = (5 2
) 𝑐𝑜𝑠35° = 4.096 2
𝑠 𝑠
𝑚 𝑚
𝑎𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛35° = (5 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛35° = 2.868
𝑠2 𝑠2

(c) 𝜃𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠

𝑚
4.096 2
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝑠
𝑚 𝑚)
9.81 2 + 2.868 2
𝑠 𝑠

𝜃 = 17.9°

(d) 𝜃𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠

𝑚
4.096 2
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝑠
𝑚 𝑚)
9.81 2 − 2.868 2
𝑠 𝑠

𝜃 = 30.54°
Problem 5
The tank shown is filled with water and accelerated. Find the pressure at A if: a = 50 m/s 2,
L = 8 m.

Given:
𝑚
𝑎 = 50
𝑠2
𝐿 =8𝑚

Required:
𝑚
𝑃𝐴 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 = 50 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿 = 8 𝑚
𝑠2

Solution:
𝑚 𝑚
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = (50 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠20° = 46.98
𝑠2 𝑠2

𝑚 𝑚
𝑎𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = (50 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛20° = 17.10
𝑠2 𝑠2

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑃2 − 𝑃1 = −𝜌𝑎𝑥 (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) − 𝜌(𝑔 + 𝑎𝑦 )(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑚
𝑃𝐴 = − (1000 ) (46.98 ) (0 − 1.23 𝑚) − (1000 ) (9.81 + 17.10 ) (0 − 1.87 𝑚)
𝑚3 𝑠2 𝑚3 𝑠2 𝑠2

𝑃𝐴 = 108107.1 𝑘𝑃𝑎