“Moving Towards Automation --

First Step”
Basics of Hydraulics & Pneumatics
Jayant Karandikar
Moving Towards Automation First Step
09.30 am - 10.00 am Registration
10.00 am - 10.05 am Welcome Remark
10.05 am - 10.30 am Introduction: Faculty & Participants
10.30 am - 11.00 am Tea & snacks
Session – I
11.00 am - 1.00 pm Introduction to world of Control Systems,
Introduction to Hydraulics and Pneumatics
1.00 pm - 1.45 pm Lunch
Session – II
1.45 pm - 3.30 pm Introduction to components
Introduction to circuit design using components
Understanding design of hydraulic and pneumatic
system

OMKAR Consultech
3.30 pm - 4.00 pm Tea / coffee
Session – III
4.00 pm - 5.15 pm Review through a test and group discussions
Feedback
Q&A
5.15 pm - 5.30 pm Concluding Remarks & Feed back

2
5.30 pm Program ends
 Understanding the Needs
• Introduce yourself….
– Name, education, field of experience.
• Explain what you expect from this program?
– Theory
– Industrial practice
– Hands on

OMKAR Consultech
– Or else?

3
 Session – I
• Introduction to world of Control Systems,
– Control System:
• Introduction to Hydraulics and Pneumatics

OMKAR Consultech
4
 Introduction to Control Systems
• Objectives:
– A control system, consisting of interconnected
components, is designed to achieve a desired purpose. To
understand the purpose of a control system, it is useful to
examine examples of control system through the course of
history. These early systems incorporated many of the
same ideas of feedback that are in use today
– Modern control engineering practice includes the use of

OMKAR Consultech
control design strategies for improving manufacturing
processes, the efficiency of energy use, advanced
automobile, including rapid transit, among others.

5
 Introduction
• System: An interconnection of elements and devices
for a desired purpose.
• Control system: An interconnection of components
forming a system configuration that will provide
desired response.
• Process The device, plant or a system under control.
The input and output relationship represents the

OMKAR Consultech
cause-and-effect relationship of the process.
Input Process Output

Process to be controlled

6
 Introduction
Open Loop Control System Desired Output Actuating
Process
Utilize a controller or a control Response Device
actuator to obtain desired
response Open Loop Control System without feedback
Desired Output Actuating
Controller Process
Closed-Loop Control Response Device
System utilizes feedback
Measurement
to compare the actual
output to the desired Closed Loop Control System with feedback
output response

OMKAR Consultech
Desired Output Controller Process
Response
Multivariable Control System

Measurement

7
 History
Greece (BC) -- Float regulating mechanism
Holland (16th Century) -- Temperature regulator

Measured Boiler
Speed
Steam Valve
Metal Sphere

Governor

OMKAR Consultech
8
 History
Water-Level Float Regulator Water

Steam
Float

OMKAR Consultech
ValVe

9
 History

DeSireD actual
output output
reSponSe reSponSe

OMKAR Consultech
Closed Loop Feedback System

10
 History…..
• 18th Century – James watt’s centrifugal Governor for speed control of
steam engines,
• 1920s – Minorsky worked on automatic controller foe steering ships,
• 1930s – Nyquist developed a method for analysing the stability of
controlled systems,
• 1940s – Frequency response methods made it possible to design linear
closed-loop control systems,
• 1950s – Root locus method due to Evans was fully developed,
• 1960s – State space methods, optimal control, adaptive control ,
• 1980s – Learning controls are begun to be investigated and developed,

OMKAR Consultech
• Present – An ongoing research field. Recent application of modern control
theory includes such non-engineering systems such as biological,
biomedical, economic and socio-economic systems

11
Example of Modern Control system
Desired Actual
+ Error Steering
course of Driver Automobile course of
- Mechanism
Travel Travel

Measurement
Visual & Tactile
(a) Automobile steering
control system
(b) The driver uses the
difference between the
actual and the desired
direction of travel to
Time Vs Response-Direction of generate a controlled
Response_Direction of Travel

OMKAR Consultech
Travel adjustment of the
steering wheel.
Desired
Actual (c) Typical direction-of-
travel response.

12
Time t sec
 Example Of Modern Control System

+ Error
Reference Control Output
Actuator Process
input Device

Sensor
Measured Output Feedback

OMKAR Consultech
A negative feedback system block diagram depicting a basic closed loop
control system. The control device is often called as “controller”.

13
 Example of Modern Control System

Fluid Input

Fluid Output
Valve

OMKAR Consultech
A manual control system for regulating the level of fluid in a tank by adjusting the output
valve. The operator views the level of fluid through a port in the side of the tank

14
Example of Modern Control System

Servo motor
Computer

Servo motor

Wafer

OMKAR Consultech
A three-axis control system for inspecting individual semiconductor
Servomotor
Servo motor wafers with a highly sensitive camera

15
Example Of Modern Control System
Feed water
Turbine
Actual
Generation

Fuel Boiler Generator

Air
Speed
Measurement

Oxygen
Measurement

Temperature Pressure
Measurement Measurement

OMKAR Consultech
Computer

Desired temperature,
pressure,O2, generation

16
Coordinated Control System for a Boiler-Generator
 Example of Modern Control System

+ Error
Reference Output
Computer Actuation Process
input

Measurement

OMKAR Consultech
A computer based control system

17
 OMKAR Consultech
The Utah/MIT dextrous Robotic Hand : A dextrous robotic hand having 18 degree of
freedom, developed as a research tool by the Centre for Engineering Design at the
University of Utah and the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT. It is controlled by
five Motorola 68000 microprocessors and actuated by 36 high performance electro
pneumatic actuators via high strength polymeric tendons. The hand has three
fingers and a thumb and tendons for control.

18
 Example of Modern Control System
Private Business Investment
Desired + + + Business National
National Government
Production Income
Income -
Govt. + Consumer
Spending Spending

Measurement Consumer

-
- Tax Collection

OMKAR Consultech
+

A Feedback Control System of the National Income

19
Control System Design Process
1
• Establish Control Goals

2
• Identify the variable to control

3
• Write the specifications for the variable

4
• Establish the system configuration and identify the actuator

5
• Obtain a model of the process, the actuator and the sensor

6
• Describe a controller and select key parameters to be adjusted

OMKAR Consultech
7
• Optimize the parameters and analyse the performance

If the performance meets the

If the performance does not meet the
specification, then finalize the design
specifications then berate the

20
configuration and the actuator
21 OMKAR Consultech
 Design Example

22 OMKAR Consultech
Control System Physical
System
Modelling

Sensors and Signals and

Actuators Systems
MECHATRONICS

OMKAR Consultech
Software and Computers
Data and Logic
Acquisition Systems

23
 Session – II
• Introduction to components
• Introduction to circuit design using components
• Understanding design of hydraulic and pneumatic
system

OMKAR Consultech
24
 Session – III
• Review through a test and group discussions
• Feedback

OMKAR Consultech
25
“Moving Towards Automation --
First Step”
Basics of Hydraulics & Pneumatics
Jayant Karandikar
Moving Towards Automation First Step
09.30 am - 10.00 am Registration
10.00 am - 10.05 am Welcome Remark
10.05 am - 10.30 am Introduction: Faculty & Participants
10.30 am - 11.00 am Tea & snacks
Session – I
11.00 am - 1.00 pm Introduction to world of Control Systems,
Introduction to Hydraulics and Pneumatics
1.00 pm - 1.45 pm Lunch
Session – II
1.45 pm - 3.30 pm Introduction to components
Introduction to circuit design using components
Understanding design of hydraulic and pneumatic
system

OMKAR Consultech
3.30 pm - 4.00 pm Tea / coffee
Session – III
4.00 pm - 5.15 pm Review through a test and group discussions
Feedback
Q&A
5.15 pm - 5.30 pm Concluding Remarks & Feed back

2
5.30 pm Program ends
 Understanding the Needs
• Introduce yourself….
– Name, education, field of experience.
• Explain what you expect from this program?
– Theory
– Industrial practice
– Hands on

OMKAR Consultech
– Or else?

3
 Session – I
• Introduction to world of Control Systems,
– Control System:
• Introduction to Hydraulics and Pneumatics

OMKAR Consultech
4
 Introduction to Control Systems
• Objectives:
– A control system, consisting of interconnected
components, is designed to achieve a desired purpose. To
understand the purpose of a control system, it is useful to
examine examples of control system through the course of
history. These early systems incorporated many of the
same ideas of feedback that are in use today
– Modern control engineering practice includes the use of

OMKAR Consultech
control design strategies for improving manufacturing
processes, the efficiency of energy use, advanced
automobile, including rapid transit, among others.

5
 Introduction
• System: An interconnection of elements and devices
for a desired purpose.
• Control system: An interconnection of components
forming a system configuration that will provide
desired response.
• Process The device, plant or a system under control.
The input and output relationship represents the

OMKAR Consultech
cause-and-effect relationship of the process.
Input Process Output

Process to be controlled

6
 Introduction
Open Loop Control System Desired Output Actuating
Process
Utilize a controller or a control Response Device
actuator to obtain desired
response Open Loop Control System without feedback
Desired Output Actuating
Controller Process
Closed-Loop Control Response Device
System utilizes feedback
Measurement
to compare the actual
output to the desired Closed Loop Control System with feedback
output response

OMKAR Consultech
Desired Output Controller Process
Response
Multivariable Control System

Measurement

7
 History
Greece (BC) -- Float regulating mechanism
Holland (16th Century) -- Temperature regulator

Measured Boiler
Speed
Steam Valve
Metal Sphere

Governor

OMKAR Consultech
8
 History
Water-Level Float Regulator Water

Steam
Float

OMKAR Consultech
ValVe

9
 History

DeSireD actual
output output
reSponSe reSponSe

OMKAR Consultech
Closed Loop Feedback System

10
 History…..
• 18th Century – James watt’s centrifugal Governor for speed control of
steam engines,
• 1920s – Minorsky worked on automatic controller foe steering ships,
• 1930s – Nyquist developed a method for analysing the stability of
controlled systems,
• 1940s – Frequency response methods made it possible to design linear
closed-loop control systems,
• 1950s – Root locus method due to Evans was fully developed,
• 1960s – State space methods, optimal control, adaptive control ,
• 1980s – Learning controls are begun to be investigated and developed,

OMKAR Consultech
• Present – An ongoing research field. Recent application of modern control
theory includes such non-engineering systems such as biological,
biomedical, economic and socio-economic systems

11
Example of Modern Control system
Desired Actual
+ Error Steering
course of Driver Automobile course of
- Mechanism
Travel Travel

Measurement
Visual & Tactile
(a) Automobile steering
control system
(b) The driver uses the
difference between the
actual and the desired
direction of travel to
Time Vs Response-Direction of generate a controlled
Response_Direction of Travel

OMKAR Consultech
Travel adjustment of the
steering wheel.
Desired
Actual (c) Typical direction-of-
travel response.

12
Time t sec
 Example Of Modern Control System

+ Error
Reference Control Output
Actuator Process
input Device

Sensor
Measured Output Feedback

OMKAR Consultech
A negative feedback system block diagram depicting a basic closed loop
control system. The control device is often called as “controller”.

13
 Example of Modern Control System

Fluid Input

Fluid Output
Valve

OMKAR Consultech
A manual control system for regulating the level of fluid in a tank by adjusting the output
valve. The operator views the level of fluid through a port in the side of the tank

14
Example of Modern Control System

Servo motor
Computer

Servo motor

Wafer

OMKAR Consultech
A three-axis control system for inspecting individual semiconductor
Servomotor
Servo motor wafers with a highly sensitive camera

15
Example Of Modern Control System
Feed water
Turbine
Actual
Generation

Fuel Boiler Generator

Air
Speed
Measurement

Oxygen
Measurement

Temperature Pressure
Measurement Measurement

OMKAR Consultech
Computer

Desired temperature,
pressure,O2, generation

16
Coordinated Control System for a Boiler-Generator
 Example of Modern Control System

+ Error
Reference Output
Computer Actuation Process
input

Measurement

OMKAR Consultech
A computer based control system

17
 OMKAR Consultech
The Utah/MIT dextrous Robotic Hand : A dextrous robotic hand having 18 degree of
freedom, developed as a research tool by the Centre for Engineering Design at the
University of Utah and the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT. It is controlled by
five Motorola 68000 microprocessors and actuated by 36 high performance electro
pneumatic actuators via high strength polymeric tendons. The hand has three
fingers and a thumb and tendons for control.

18
 Example of Modern Control System
Private Business Investment
Desired + + + Business National
National Government
Production Income
Income -
Govt. + Consumer
Spending Spending

Measurement Consumer

-
- Tax Collection

OMKAR Consultech
+

A Feedback Control System of the National Income

19
Control System Design Process
1
• Establish Control Goals

2
• Identify the variable to control

3
• Write the specifications for the variable

4
• Establish the system configuration and identify the actuator

5
• Obtain a model of the process, the actuator and the sensor

6
• Describe a controller and select key parameters to be adjusted

OMKAR Consultech
7
• Optimize the parameters and analyse the performance

If the performance meets the

If the performance does not meet the
specification, then finalize the design
specifications then berate the

20
configuration and the actuator
21 OMKAR Consultech
 Design Example

22 OMKAR Consultech
Control System Physical
System
Modelling

Sensors and Signals and

Actuators Systems
MECHATRONICS

OMKAR Consultech
Software and Computers
Data and Logic
Acquisition Systems

23
 Session – II
• Introduction to components
• Introduction to circuit design using components
• Understanding design of hydraulic and pneumatic
system

OMKAR Consultech
24
 Session – III
• Review through a test and group discussions
• Feedback

OMKAR Consultech
25
“Moving Towards Automation --
First Step”
Basics of Hydraulics & Pneumatics
Jayant Karandikar
Moving Towards Automation First Step
09.30 am - 10.00 am Registration
10.00 am - 10.05 am Welcome Remark
10.05 am - 10.30 am Introduction: Faculty & Participants
10.30 am - 11.00 am Tea & snacks
Session – I
11.00 am - 1.00 pm Introduction to world of Control Systems,
Introduction to Hydraulics and Pneumatics
1.00 pm - 1.45 pm Lunch
Session – II
1.45 pm - 3.30 pm Introduction to components
Introduction to circuit design using components
Understanding design of hydraulic and pneumatic
system

OMKAR Consultech
3.30 pm - 4.00 pm Tea / coffee
Session – III
4.00 pm - 5.15 pm Review through a test and group discussions
Feedback
Q&A
5.15 pm - 5.30 pm Concluding Remarks & Feed back

2
5.30 pm Program ends
 Understanding the Needs
• Introduce yourself….
– Name, education, field of experience.
• Explain what you expect from this program?
– Theory
– Industrial practice
– Hands on

OMKAR Consultech
– Or else?

3
 Session – I
• Introduction to world of Control Systems,
– Control System:
• Introduction to Hydraulics and Pneumatics

OMKAR Consultech
4
 Introduction to Control Systems
• Objectives:
– A control system, consisting of interconnected
components, is designed to achieve a desired purpose. To
understand the purpose of a control system, it is useful to
examine examples of control system through the course of
history. These early systems incorporated many of the
same ideas of feedback that are in use today
– Modern control engineering practice includes the use of

OMKAR Consultech
control design strategies for improving manufacturing
processes, the efficiency of energy use, advanced
automobile, including rapid transit, among others.

5
 Introduction
• System: An interconnection of elements and devices
for a desired purpose.
• Control system: An interconnection of components
forming a system configuration that will provide
desired response.
• Process The device, plant or a system under control.
The input and output relationship represents the

OMKAR Consultech
cause-and-effect relationship of the process.
Input Process Output

Process to be controlled

6
 Introduction
Open Loop Control System Desired Output Actuating
Process
Utilize a controller or a control Response Device
actuator to obtain desired
response Open Loop Control System without feedback
Desired Output Actuating
Controller Process
Closed-Loop Control Response Device
System utilizes feedback
Measurement
to compare the actual
output to the desired Closed Loop Control System with feedback
output response

OMKAR Consultech
Desired Output Controller Process
Response
Multivariable Control System

Measurement

7
 History
Greece (BC) -- Float regulating mechanism
Holland (16th Century) -- Temperature regulator

Measured Boiler
Speed
Steam Valve
Metal Sphere

Governor

OMKAR Consultech
8
 History
Water-Level Float Regulator Water

Steam
Float

OMKAR Consultech
ValVe

9
 History

DeSireD actual
output output
reSponSe reSponSe

OMKAR Consultech
Closed Loop Feedback System

10
 History…..
• 18th Century – James watt’s centrifugal Governor for speed control of
steam engines,
• 1920s – Minorsky worked on automatic controller foe steering ships,
• 1930s – Nyquist developed a method for analysing the stability of
controlled systems,
• 1940s – Frequency response methods made it possible to design linear
closed-loop control systems,
• 1950s – Root locus method due to Evans was fully developed,
• 1960s – State space methods, optimal control, adaptive control ,
• 1980s – Learning controls are begun to be investigated and developed,

OMKAR Consultech
• Present – An ongoing research field. Recent application of modern control
theory includes such non-engineering systems such as biological,
biomedical, economic and socio-economic systems

11
Example of Modern Control system
Desired Actual
+ Error Steering
course of Driver Automobile course of
- Mechanism
Travel Travel

Measurement
Visual & Tactile
(a) Automobile steering
control system
(b) The driver uses the
difference between the
actual and the desired
direction of travel to
Time Vs Response-Direction of generate a controlled
Response_Direction of Travel

OMKAR Consultech
Travel adjustment of the
steering wheel.
Desired
Actual (c) Typical direction-of-
travel response.

12
Time t sec
 Example Of Modern Control System

+ Error
Reference Control Output
Actuator Process
input Device

Sensor
Measured Output Feedback

OMKAR Consultech
A negative feedback system block diagram depicting a basic closed loop
control system. The control device is often called as “controller”.

13
 Example of Modern Control System

Fluid Input

Fluid Output
Valve

OMKAR Consultech
A manual control system for regulating the level of fluid in a tank by adjusting the output
valve. The operator views the level of fluid through a port in the side of the tank

14
Example of Modern Control System

Servo motor
Computer

Servo motor

Wafer

OMKAR Consultech
A three-axis control system for inspecting individual semiconductor
Servomotor
Servo motor wafers with a highly sensitive camera

15
Example Of Modern Control System
Feed water
Turbine
Actual
Generation

Fuel Boiler Generator

Air
Speed
Measurement

Oxygen
Measurement

Temperature Pressure
Measurement Measurement

OMKAR Consultech
Computer

Desired temperature,
pressure,O2, generation

16
Coordinated Control System for a Boiler-Generator
 Example of Modern Control System

+ Error
Reference Output
Computer Actuation Process
input

Measurement

OMKAR Consultech
A computer based control system

17
 OMKAR Consultech
The Utah/MIT dextrous Robotic Hand : A dextrous robotic hand having 18 degree of
freedom, developed as a research tool by the Centre for Engineering Design at the
University of Utah and the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT. It is controlled by
five Motorola 68000 microprocessors and actuated by 36 high performance electro
pneumatic actuators via high strength polymeric tendons. The hand has three
fingers and a thumb and tendons for control.

18
 Example of Modern Control System
Private Business Investment
Desired + + + Business National
National Government
Production Income
Income -
Govt. + Consumer
Spending Spending

Measurement Consumer

-
- Tax Collection

OMKAR Consultech
+

A Feedback Control System of the National Income

19
Control System Design Process
1
• Establish Control Goals

2
• Identify the variable to control

3
• Write the specifications for the variable

4
• Establish the system configuration and identify the actuator

5
• Obtain a model of the process, the actuator and the sensor

6
• Describe a controller and select key parameters to be adjusted

OMKAR Consultech
7
• Optimize the parameters and analyse the performance

If the performance meets the

If the performance does not meet the
specification, then finalize the design
specifications then berate the

20
configuration and the actuator
21 OMKAR Consultech
 Design Example

22 OMKAR Consultech
Control System Physical
System
Modelling

Sensors and Signals and

Actuators Systems
MECHATRONICS

OMKAR Consultech
Software and Computers
Data and Logic
Acquisition Systems

23
 Session – II
• Introduction to components
• Introduction to circuit design using components
• Understanding design of hydraulic and pneumatic
system

OMKAR Consultech
24
 Session – III
• Review through a test and group discussions
• Feedback

OMKAR Consultech
25
“Moving Towards Automation --
First Step”
Basics of Hydraulics & Pneumatics
Jayant Karandikar
Moving Towards Automation First Step
09.30 am - 10.00 am Registration
10.00 am - 10.05 am Welcome Remark
10.05 am - 10.30 am Introduction: Faculty & Participants
10.30 am - 11.00 am Tea & snacks
Session – I
11.00 am - 1.00 pm Introduction to world of Control Systems,
Introduction to Hydraulics and Pneumatics
1.00 pm - 1.45 pm Lunch
Session – II
1.45 pm - 3.30 pm Introduction to components
Introduction to circuit design using components
Understanding design of hydraulic and pneumatic
system

OMKAR Consultech
3.30 pm - 4.00 pm Tea / coffee
Session – III
4.00 pm - 5.15 pm Review through a test and group discussions
Feedback
Q&A
5.15 pm - 5.30 pm Concluding Remarks & Feed back

2
5.30 pm Program ends
 Understanding the Needs
• Introduce yourself….
– Name, education, field of experience.
• Explain what you expect from this program?
– Theory
– Industrial practice
– Hands on

OMKAR Consultech
– Or else?

3
 Session – I
• Introduction to world of Control Systems,
– Control System:
• Introduction to Hydraulics and Pneumatics

OMKAR Consultech
4
 Introduction to Control Systems
• Objectives:
– A control system, consisting of interconnected
components, is designed to achieve a desired purpose. To
understand the purpose of a control system, it is useful to
examine examples of control system through the course of
history. These early systems incorporated many of the
same ideas of feedback that are in use today
– Modern control engineering practice includes the use of

OMKAR Consultech
control design strategies for improving manufacturing
processes, the efficiency of energy use, advanced
automobile, including rapid transit, among others.

5
 Introduction
• System: An interconnection of elements and devices
for a desired purpose.
• Control system: An interconnection of components
forming a system configuration that will provide
desired response.
• Process The device, plant or a system under control.
The input and output relationship represents the

OMKAR Consultech
cause-and-effect relationship of the process.
Input Process Output

Process to be controlled

6
 Introduction
Open Loop Control System Desired Output Actuating
Process
Utilize a controller or a control Response Device
actuator to obtain desired
response Open Loop Control System without feedback
Desired Output Actuating
Controller Process
Closed-Loop Control Response Device
System utilizes feedback
Measurement
to compare the actual
output to the desired Closed Loop Control System with feedback
output response

OMKAR Consultech
Desired Output Controller Process
Response
Multivariable Control System

Measurement

7
 History
Greece (BC) -- Float regulating mechanism
Holland (16th Century) -- Temperature regulator

Measured Boiler
Speed
Steam Valve
Metal Sphere

Governor

OMKAR Consultech
8
 History
Water-Level Float Regulator Water

Steam
Float

OMKAR Consultech
ValVe

9
 History

DeSireD actual
output output
reSponSe reSponSe

OMKAR Consultech
Closed Loop Feedback System

10
 History…..
• 18th Century – James watt’s centrifugal Governor for speed control of
steam engines,
• 1920s – Minorsky worked on automatic controller foe steering ships,
• 1930s – Nyquist developed a method for analysing the stability of
controlled systems,
• 1940s – Frequency response methods made it possible to design linear
closed-loop control systems,
• 1950s – Root locus method due to Evans was fully developed,
• 1960s – State space methods, optimal control, adaptive control ,
• 1980s – Learning controls are begun to be investigated and developed,

OMKAR Consultech
• Present – An ongoing research field. Recent application of modern control
theory includes such non-engineering systems such as biological,
biomedical, economic and socio-economic systems

11
Example of Modern Control system
Desired Actual
+ Error Steering
course of Driver Automobile course of
- Mechanism
Travel Travel

Measurement
Visual & Tactile
(a) Automobile steering
control system
(b) The driver uses the
difference between the
actual and the desired
direction of travel to
Time Vs Response-Direction of generate a controlled
Response_Direction of Travel

OMKAR Consultech
Travel adjustment of the
steering wheel.
Desired
Actual (c) Typical direction-of-
travel response.

12
Time t sec
 Example Of Modern Control System

+ Error
Reference Control Output
Actuator Process
input Device

Sensor
Measured Output Feedback

OMKAR Consultech
A negative feedback system block diagram depicting a basic closed loop
control system. The control device is often called as “controller”.

13
 Example of Modern Control System

Fluid Input

Fluid Output
Valve

OMKAR Consultech
A manual control system for regulating the level of fluid in a tank by adjusting the output
valve. The operator views the level of fluid through a port in the side of the tank

14
Example of Modern Control System

Servo motor
Computer

Servo motor

Wafer

OMKAR Consultech
A three-axis control system for inspecting individual semiconductor
Servomotor
Servo motor wafers with a highly sensitive camera

15
Example Of Modern Control System
Feed water
Turbine
Actual
Generation

Fuel Boiler Generator

Air
Speed
Measurement

Oxygen
Measurement

Temperature Pressure
Measurement Measurement

OMKAR Consultech
Computer

Desired temperature,
pressure,O2, generation

16
Coordinated Control System for a Boiler-Generator
 Example of Modern Control System

+ Error
Reference Output
Computer Actuation Process
input

Measurement

OMKAR Consultech
A computer based control system

17
 OMKAR Consultech
The Utah/MIT dextrous Robotic Hand : A dextrous robotic hand having 18 degree of
freedom, developed as a research tool by the Centre for Engineering Design at the
University of Utah and the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT. It is controlled by
five Motorola 68000 microprocessors and actuated by 36 high performance electro
pneumatic actuators via high strength polymeric tendons. The hand has three
fingers and a thumb and tendons for control.

18
 Example of Modern Control System
Private Business Investment
Desired + + + Business National
National Government
Production Income
Income -
Govt. + Consumer
Spending Spending

Measurement Consumer

-
- Tax Collection

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A Feedback Control System of the National Income

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Control System Design Process
1
• Establish Control Goals

2
• Identify the variable to control

3
• Write the specifications for the variable

4
• Establish the system configuration and identify the actuator

5
• Obtain a model of the process, the actuator and the sensor

6
• Describe a controller and select key parameters to be adjusted

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• Optimize the parameters and analyse the performance

If the performance meets the

If the performance does not meet the
specification, then finalize the design
specifications then berate the

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configuration and the actuator
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 Design Example

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Control System Physical
System
Modelling

Sensors and Signals and

Actuators Systems
MECHATRONICS

OMKAR Consultech
Software and Computers
Data and Logic
Acquisition Systems

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 Session – II
• Introduction to components
• Introduction to circuit design using components
• Understanding design of hydraulic and pneumatic
system

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 Session – III
• Review through a test and group discussions
• Feedback

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