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2 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to define the basic information and design criteria to execute Civil & Structural
analysis and design of all facilities identified as part of RT, Onshore pipeline in Turkey and new Access Roads
(PR81 and PR82).
The work covered in this Basis of Design shall comply with all relevant governmental and local laws,
specifications, regulations and standards.
In case of conflict between above-mentioned codes and standards and this specification, the order of
precedence to be followed is:
Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS
DocID: PET-CVL-BOD-800115 Revision: 04
External DocID: 107250-000-CV-BOD-00001-0000 Page: 5 of 32
a) Statutory / Legislative requirements
b) Contract / Purchase Order / Requisition
c) Technical Requirements (This document)
d) Other Project Drawings / Specifications
e) International Codes / Standards
For the purpose of this document, the words and expressions listed below shall have the meanings assigned
to them as follows:
Table 1: Abbreviation
Abbreviation Description
ASTM American Standards for Testing of Materials
BS British Standards
3.2 Definitions
COMPANY South Stream Transport BV
CONTRACTOR The party which has been contracted by Company to
perform duties as specified in the Contract and scope
of work
SUPPLIER/ SUB-CONTRACTOR The party which manufactures and /or supplies
material, equipment and services to perform duties
as specified in the scope of work
The following represents a brief summary of the key Civil & Structural design parameters for RT, Onshore
pipeline in Turkey and New Access Road (PR81 and PR82) [These are sourced from Basis of Design for feed,
ITF-PEG-BOD-211163, meteorological data of Turkey and technical query PET-PSE-QRY-800386]:
5 Reference Documents
The following specifications, codes (including applicable addenda) and standards shall constitute the
minimum requirements for this Basis of Design.
6 Units of Measurements
Unless otherwise indicated, the following units shall be used:
Elevations: Metre (m)
Dimensions: Millimetre (mm)
Force: Kilo Newton (kN)
Mass: Kilogram (kg), or Tonne (MT)
Moment: Kilo Newton Meter (kN-m)
Stress: Newton/mm2 (N/mm2, MPa) or Kilo Newton/m2 (kN/m2)
7 Meteorological Data
Following data are provided as per meteorological data of Turkey and technical query PET-PSE-QRY-800386.
7.1 Wind
Basic wind velocity shall be considered as 33m/s (Vb,0 as per EN 1991-1-4), based on meteorological data.
7.3 Rainfall
The rainfall intensity for drainage design is 60mm/hr for 50-year return period, based on meteorological
data.
8 Design
8.1 Basic Loads
8.1.1 Dead Load
Dead load of Equipment
The equipment dead load produced by the weight of items such as vessels, heat exchangers, stacks, pumps
etc., the load shall include the dead weight of the equipment, plus all materials permanently fastened to it.
Dead load of Pipe
The following requirements apply to elevated and grade level pipes less than 12'' diameter. For larger pipes
individual conditions must be investigated.
For pipes < 300mm (12'') dia., design for a minimum of 1.2 kN/m2 (considering 6 inch lines spaced at 300
mm) over the pipe-rack plan area.
Dead load of Structure
The structural dead load shall be the self-weight of all the structural materials, handrails & grating, including
fireproofing, that form a permanent part of the completed structure. A contingency load of 10% of the self-
weight of the structure shall be allowed in the analysis to account for items such as connections, splicing and
connection bolts. The weights for various elements shall be considered as follows:
Cement mortar = 20 kN/m3 Table A.1, EN 1991-1-1
Reinforced Concrete = 25 kN/m3 Table A.1, EN 1991-1-1
Stee l= 7850 kg/m3 = 78.5 kN/m3 Table A.4, EN 1991-1-1
Grating = 0.5 kN/m (30 mm deep bearing bars)
2
Stairs, ramps, escape route and assembly areas 5.0 kPa (5.0 kN/m2) 5.0 kN
Roofs accessible for inspection and repair (as per Table 1.5kN for all
1.0 kPa (1.0 kN/m2)
6.10, EN 1991-1-1) roof members
Covers of sumps and pits -
a) For Vehicular Movement 10.0 kPa (10.0 kN/m2) 10.0 kN
b) For Non-vehicular Movement 5.0 kPa (5.0 kN/m2) 5.0 kN
Offices, first-aid buildings, guard houses, toilets, wash and
locker rooms, analyser houses, computer rooms, electrical 3.0 kPa (3.0 kN/m2) 4.5kN
rooms, laboratory rooms (2) (as per Table 6.2, EN 1991-1-1)
Canteens, lunchrooms, training centres, corridors, and halls
4.0 kPa (4.0 kN/m2) 4.0kN
(as per Table 6.2, EN 1991-1-1)
Control Room / Auxiliary rooms (2) 7.5 kPa (7.5 kN/m2) 7.0 kN
Notes:
(1) Railing and handrails shall be conforming to EN 14122.
(2) Uniform loads and concentrated loads do not occur simultaneously.
(3) Concentrated loads shall be placed upon any contact area 0.05 m x 0.05 m and shall be located
to produce the maximum load effects in the structural members. A contact area of 200 x
200mm shall be allowed on grating or chequered plate and conforming to EN 14122.
(4) Where applicable, the weight of vehicles shall be included as live loading and shall be applied to
produce the most critical design cases.
(5) For the design of each structural element the live loads shall be applied in the most
unfavourable pattern.
(6) For Workshop/Warehouse building, design of grade slab shall be verified with additional
concentrated load of heaviest equipment stored inside the building.
Friction loads shall be considered as indicated in the piping input data. Friction load along the pipe for
pipes which have not been anchored shall be applied as percentage of the vertical load and depending
upon the number pipes running in the tier as follows,
1-3 0.4
4-6 0.2
7 or more 0.1
Half of above friction load shall be applied in lateral direction of the pipe for pipes which have not been
anchored in lateral direction.
8.1.10 Wind Load
Wind load for open structures (Pipe Bridges, Platforms)
Wind loads and wind speed at any height above ground and any other related parameters shall be in
accordance with BS EN 1991.
Wind Speed
Terrain Exposure
Wind loads to be developed to suit the location. Terrain shall be assumed to be category 0.
The following shape increase factors may be used to modify the projected areas of vertical and horizontal
vessels (including insulation, if any) to allow for attachments such as manholes, nozzles, piping, ladders, and
platforms.
Table 8: Shape Increase Factors
Turbulence Intensity (Iv), for main wind resisting systems of flexible buildings, structures, and vertical vessels
having a height exceeding five times the least horizontal dimension or a fundamental natural frequency less
than 1.0 hertz shall be calculated.
Calculations of Turbulence Intensity (Iv) & Peak wind pressure (By multiplying Turbulence intensity with mean
wind pressure) shall be respectively based on clause no 4.4 & 4.5 of BS EN 1991-1-4:2005.
Table 9: Peak Wind Velocity Pressure
Shielding Effect
No reduction shall be made for the shielding effect of vessels or structures adjacent to the structure being
designed.
Wind and Earthquake Loads
Wind and earthquake loads shall not be assumed to act concurrently.
Seismic loading shall be in accordance with Eurocode 1998-1:2004, henceforth referred as EN 1998-1.
Ground Type – C
PGA value – 0.19 (for a return period of 475 years, no-collapse requirement)
Spectra Type – 1
Importance Factor – 1.2 based on the above mentioned details, the horizontal elastic spectra (Refer
Below Figure) shall be generated as described in Section 3.2.2.2 and Vertical elastic spectra shall be
generated as described in section 3.2.2.3 of EN 1998-1.
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000
Time period
For pipeline support design, the load obtained from stress analysis shall be multiplied by the factor as
described in section 5.5, EN 1998-4.
Slability of slopes shall be as described in section 4.1.3, EN 1998-5.
The blast load shall be as per the HSE document Vent Stack and Safety Distances Assessment Report Doc
No - PET-SRK-REP-800456.
9.1 Materials
All structural concrete shall be min. CLASS C30/37, with a characteristic cube compressive strength of 37MPa
after twenty-eight (28) days, except where otherwise specified herein or on the design drawings. Concrete
shall be in accordance with BS EN 1992, EN 206 and TS 13515.
Concrete Grade
Elevated structures Precast • Blinding concrete Mass Concrete
Type of
Piles (if any) Concrete (Used as foundation
structures • Mass Concrete
Equipment Foundation Block for fence
(Fill only, not used
Shallow foundation post)
as foundation
Pavings and Duct banks
Pits and Trenches
Gate post foundation
10 Foundations
Foundation design criteria and related soil parameters are described in this section. Grading and earthwork
shall be done in accordance with project specification for paving, document no. PET-CVL-SPE-800188 and
project specification for earthworks, document no. 107250-000-CV-STD-00002.
Allowable Bearing Capacity of Foundations placed on filled-up soil and other areas shall be based on
recommendations provided in Final Geotechnical Interpretative and Engineering Recommendations Report
Document No. PET-SUR-REP-804101 (107250-000-CV-REP-00001-0000).
Major foundation includes buildings, shelter, major/critical equipment, column, tank, large diameter
pipe supports, valve support and rest shall be considered as minor foundations.
The founding depth for major foundations shall be based on the geotechnical report.
Minimum dimension of the shorter side of the foundation shall be 300 mm.
Anchor bolts shall be positioned within the reinforcing bar cage. Generally, anchor bolts shall be
installed before concrete is cast.
Requirement of sunshades over equipment shall be verified from Mechanical, Piping and HSE to fulfil
necessary functional requirement. Requirement of Fire-Protection to be as per safety requirement.
11 Steel Structures
11.1 Materials (Structural Steel and Bolts)
Generally, materials are as follows:
a. All structural steel sections and plates shall conform to BS EN 10025 grade S355J0 (or
equivalent).
b. Secondary structures (for fences, gratings, chequered plates, platform bracing, handrails,
ladders) shall be of minimum steel grade S235J0 conforming to BS EN 10025 or equivalent.
c. Crane runway beams and monorails shall be of minimum steel grade S275J0 conforming to
BS EN 10025 or equivalent.
d. Section thickness limitation shall be verified as per EN 1993-1-10:2005. Required change in
grade or verification through Charpy impact test to be specified accordingly. As a general
guideline to use in the project at -15.8oC, the below table may be followed:
To be selected as per a to c
≤35mm S235J0, S275J0, S355J0
above
To be selected as per a to c
>35mm; ≤50 mm S235J0, S275J2, S355J2
above
>50mm Refer EN 1993-1-10
e. Structural sections (UB, UC, PFC) shall conform to BS EN codes (Profiles and Channels –
BS EN 10365, Angles – BS EN 10056). Structural hollow sections shall conform to BS EN
10210.
f. Structural steel pipe sections shall conform to BS EN 10210 – Part 1 and 2 or Equivalent.
g. High strength bolts shall conform to the requirements of EN ISO 898 Grade 8.8 or
Equivalent. Bolts, nuts and washers shall comply with EN ISO 0898 Class 8 or approved
equivalent.
h. Flooring shall be open grid, serrated bars of 30mm deep x 5 mm thick hot-dip
galvanised rectangular type welded steel grating at locations indicated in the design
drawings. Bearing bars shall be spaced at 30mm c/c for Type-1 grating and 25mm c/c
for Type-2 grating. Type-2 grating shall be used for flooring located above a place where
people are working on frequent basis as per section 4.2.4.5 EN ISO 14122-2. Applicable
grating types shall be mentioned in design drawings. For grating details refer project
standard drawing for grating, document no. PET-CVL-DWG-800709 (107250-000-CV-STD-
00014).
i. Chequered plate flooring / covering at locations indicated in the design drawings shall be
6 mm O/P raised angular pattern rolled on to one surface, material conforming to BS EN
10025 grade S355J0 or equivalent. Chequered plates shall be galvanized conforming to
BS EN ISO 1461.
All steel structures and connections shall be designed in accordance with EN 1993 (EC3) unless
otherwise specified. Properties of structural steel to be considered in design shall be as follows:
11.5 Deflections
Horizontal elements of all structural frames shall be designed for the following vertical deflection criteria
(Serviceability Design Consideration):
The maximum total horizontal deflection of portal frame construction due to all loads except thermal forces
shall be as follows:
a. Pipe-racks and equipment structures: H/200
The maximum deflection of flooring shall not exceed L/360.
Where, L= Span Length and H= Height of the Structure
Due consideration shall be taken of the deflection limitations laid down in the relevant contract specification
for overhead cranes.
11.6 Connections
Generally, connections shall be simple shear connections. Where moment connection is required for stability,
fully restrained connections shall be used. High strength bolted joints shall be bearing type connections with
bolt threads included in the shear planes. Nominal stresses for high strength bolts shall be considered as per
EN1993-1-8: 2005. Shop connections shall be welded and field connections shall be bolted. Field welds shall
be avoided as far as practicable. All bolts shall be fully threaded.
For high strength bolts, two hardened washers per assembly shall be provided for connections with slotted
holes.
The diameter of bolt holes shall be as per the standard nominal hole dimensions as per EN1993-1-8: 2005
unless otherwise noted on the drawings. Minimum diameter of bolt for main members shall be 20 mm, for
11.9 Ladders
Multiple stage ladders shall be staggered at least every 6 m.
Starting at minimum 2.2 m and maximum 2.7 m from the base of ladder, all ladders shall be
provided with safety cages. The safety cage shall extend 1 m above the top of the ladder and
the distance from the rungs to the back of the cage shall not exceed 780 mm.
Headroom clearance under cages shall be minimum 2300 mm from grade or platform level.
Where an intermediate ladder on tower is positioned at an extreme edge of a platform, ladder
shall be made with side steps. All ladders shall be side step unless otherwise specified.
Self-closing safety gates shall be provided across the top of the ladder.
For ladder details refer project standard drawing for ladders, drawing no. 107250-000-CV-
STD-00018 (PET-CVL-DWG-800714).
15 Road Crossings
Road crossing detail for UG pipes and electrical/Instrument/Telecom lines shall be as per Project Specification
for Drainage System document no. PET-CVL-SPE-800185 (107250-000-CV-SPE-00002).
17 Building/Shelter Design
For design detail and construction requirements, refer to project specifications for building, document number
PET-CVL-SPE-800781 (107250-000-CV-SPE-00008).
DL + LL
1.0 x
+ Temp 1.0 1.0
0.8=0.8
+ Acc.
1.35 1.5 x
x2 0.6 x
DL +
(alon 2
Local 1.35 1.50 1.5 1.35
g (alon
Check
pipe) g
pipe)