Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

ABSTRACT

‘Solar water pump’ are being widely promoted by the Central government as it is
very economical and eco-friendly. They need very less maintenance and their running
cost is drastically reduced as compared to the conventional IC engine supported water
pumps. Solar pumps convert the freely available solar energy into the useful form
electrical energy which is used to run the water pump and other accessories if any. The
initial cost of Solar operated water pump may be high but it is compensated by its low
running cost.

The mountings which are required for the installation of solar pump are design and
analyzed with all the considerations for its safety and avoiding accidental damage. Also,
the amount of radiations which impinge on the solar panel according to the position of
sun is to be studied. This will provide an optimum amount of energy at the output with an
advantage of extended life. Various materials are also studied in varied conditions to
obtain a sustainable and durable material. The four leg structure is to be designed with a
single pole which provides various advantages

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

INTRODUCTION

Problem statement
Solar panels are commonly being used in todays world. The supports and mountings
play a very vital role in the installation process. It is necessary to make the structure more
rigid and durable as the solar plant when installed is considered to be one time
investment. The four leg conventional structure which is being used is to be converted to
a unipole design. The design should be more rigid and also cost effective. The problem
statement was proposed by Energica Pvt. Ltd.

Objectives
To Design a unipole design this provides better rigidity and stability to the solar panel.
The four legs are being replaced by a single leg so the amount of material required is also
reduced. This is directly related to the cost of the mountings. The weight of the material
is also reduced without compramising the strength. Therefore the strength to weight ratio
is also optimized. The unipole design also makes the unit aesthetic and with ergonomic
considerations. We are trying to build an efficient and cost-effective Design

Scope
Most farmers have started opting for a solar water pump as Govt, of Maharashtra has
targeted deployment of 1,00,000 nos off Grid Solar Powered Ag pumps in phase wire
manner under “ Mukhyamantri Saur Krishi Pump Yojana “ The system is a onetime
investment and requires very low maintenance and observation. The total of this kind of
system is much lesser then that of the conventional system which are available currently
in the market.

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

Methodology
 Market research & study of available system.
 Specify parameters &specification for design.
 Changes in designing and optimization by trial and error method.
 Material
 Mechanism
 Attachments
 Manufacturing process
 Structure and shapes
 Reaching optimum by trial and error method & comparison.
 Checking for availability of components cost effectiveness.
 Proposing durability and effectiveness.
 Finalization of design from final results .
 2D draft, 3D design, with final practical coasting.

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

ATTAL KRISHI PUMP YOJANA

The government of Maharashtra has decided to give two LED bulbs, a DC fan and a
mobile charging socket as freebies to farmers enrolling under the Atal Solar Krishi Pump
Yojana. Atal Solar Krishi Pump Yojana The government of Maharashtra introduced the
Atal Solar Krishi Pump Yojana to reduce losses due to non-payment of electricity bills
and also promote solar energy. The features of the Atal Solar Krishi Pump Yojana are:
The government would provide solar pumps at subsidised rates for the farmers. Under the
Scheme, farmers with less than five acres will have to pay 5 per cent of the cost of a 3 HP
solar pump while farmers with more than five acres will get a 5 HP solar pump for Rs
30000. With the scheme, the government aims to reach out to farmers from remote areas
where the agricultural feeder is not possible.

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

About Organization
Incepted in the year 2015, Energica is one of the well-known manufacturers, traders
and suppliers of a qualitative assortment of Solar Module, Solar Connector, Solar Net
Meter, Distribution Box, Solar Cables, Solar Battery, Solar Power Conditioning Units,
etc. The offered solar products are widely utilized in offices, hotels, homes and many
more places. These solar products are widely recommended and acclaimed amongst our
customers due to their finest quality, rugged design, durability, high efficiency, optimum
functioning, longer working life, fine finish and low maintenance. Provided products are
manufactured in compliance with industry laid standards by using high quality
components that we procured from the genuine vendors of the market. These products are
available in several specifications, in line with customers’ specific needs. Moreover, we
test these products on varied parameters, in order to offer the flawless products at patrons'
end. Our esteemed customers can avail these other products from us at industry leading
prices. In order to accomplish the diverse requirements of the customers, we have
developed an ultra modular infrastructural unit that is segregated in varied functional
units such as procurement, production, quality testing, warehousing & packaging, sales &
marketing and many more

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

WHAT IS SOLAR MOUNTING?

Ground-mounted PV systems are usually large, utility-scale photovoltaic power stations.
The PV array consists of solar modules held in place by racks or frames that are attached
to ground-based mounting supports.
Ground-based mounting supports include:
Pole mounts, which are driven directly into the ground or embedded in concrete.
Foundation mounts, such as concrete slabs or poured footings
Ballasted footing mounts, such as concrete or steel bases that use weight to secure the
solar module system in position and do not require ground penetration. This type of
mounting system is well suited for sites where excavation is not possible such as capped
landfills and simplifies decommissioning or relocation of solar module systems.

History of Solar Pumps

A solar-powered pump is a pump running on electricity generated

by photovoltaic panels or the radiated thermal energy available from collected sunlight as
opposed to grid electricity or diesel run water pumps. The operation of solar powered
pumps is more economical mainly due to the lower operation and maintenance costs and
has less environmental impact than pumps powered by an internal combustion
engine (ICE). Solar pumps are useful where grid electricity is unavailable and alternative
sources (in particular wind) do not provide sufficient energy.
Solar powered water pumps can deliver drinking water as well as water for livestock
or irrigation purposes. Solar water pumps may be especially useful in small scale or
community based irrigation, as large scale irrigation requires large volumes of water that
in turn require a large solar PV array. As the water may only be required during some
parts of the year, a large PV array would provide excess energy that is not necessarily
required, thus making the system inefficient.
Solar PV water pumping systems are used for irrigation and drinking water in India.
The majority of the pumps are fitted with a 2000 watt - 3,700 watt motor that receives
energy from a 4,800 Wp PV array. The 5hp systems can deliver about 124,000 liters of
water/day from a total of 50 meters setoff head and 70 meters dynamic head. By 30
August 2016, a total of 1,20,000 solar PV water pumping systems have been installed in
India and many other places around the world. Energy storage in the form of water
storage is better than energy storage in the form of batteries for solar water pumps
because there is no intermediary transformation of one form of energy to another. The
most common pump mechanics used are centrifugal pumps, multistage pumps, borehole
pumps, and helical pumps. Important scientific concepts of fluid dynamics like pressure
vs. head, pump heads, pump curves, system curves, and net suction head are really
important for the successful deployment and design of solar powered pumps.
COMPARISON OF SOLAR WATER PUMPING WITH DIESEL PUMPING
In rural areas where adequate electrical power is not available for water pumping, in such
places agriculture is fully depend on hand pumps or water from distant rivers. At that
time the best solution is Water Pumping using Solar energy and this pumping can also be

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

done using the diesel powered motors. The differences between these two systems are, by
considering the cost and efficiency the capital cost for diesel powered motors are low but
the running cost and maintenance is high. For solar water pumping the capital cost is very
high but the running cost and maintenance is low. For solar water pumping it requires
high initial investment and the system requires proper maintenance because the panels
should be cleaned properly. The maintenance can be done by local workman and this
system completely ecofriendly. For diesel motors the investment is low at initial stage but
it becomes costlier on running and it requires proper lay man for maintenance and
working. The diesel powered system is hazardousness to environment and there are
chances for fire. The diesel powered system requires high storage area. By considering all
these factors the best method for water pumping in isolated areas is solar water pumping.

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Water Pump: -

 Solar panels can be reliable, even in regional and remote areas.

They make an ideal choice when grid power is irregular or unavailable. When properly
serviced and maintained and with adequate water storage, solar pumps offer great
reliability. Some systems even offer apps to help you remotely monitor performance and
flow rate.

 They have extremely low operating costs.

One of the major advantages of a solar pump is that its energy comes straight from the
sun, lowering operating costs and its environmental footprint. Solar panels may even be
eligible for technology certificates from the Small-Scale Renewable Energy Scheme that
can help recoup purchase costs.

 They’re easy to transport and relocate.

Need to move a large mob of stock, or change your pump location based on the seasons?
Depending on your system and site, solar water pump systems can be shifted relatively
easily.

 Solar pumps are generally low-maintenance.

Upkeep is typically minimal compared to grid power or generators – an important factor
when these pumps are often used hundreds of kilometres from service bases. If PV panels
lose efficiency, they can be replaced separately to the whole system.

 Productivity increases in times of need.

When it’s hot and sunny people tend to use more water, and livestock will hang closer to
water troughs. A solar water pump moves more water in sunny weather and slows
appropriately when it’s overcast or raining, with the option to store a backup supply if
your storage tank is adequately sized.

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

Literature Review

Alex Mathew & B. Biju et al. studied design and stability analysis of solar panel
supporting structure subjected to wind force. In this study the arrangement of solar panels
in structure is similar to double sloped roof trusses. Due to this wind force, the structure
experiences an overturning effect. This overturning couple imparts a reaction force at the
base of the structure. The structure is symmetric along any vertical plane. They used
CAD modeling software CREO 2.0, the test model of solar panel supporting structure
was created steel. They concluded that the design of solar panel supporting structure is
done and the effects of wind force on its structure stability are analyzed. Due to the wind
force, a reaction force is experienced on the structure and the structure will retain its
stable state, only if this reaction force is compensated by the force due the self-weight of
the structure. this structure will be used as the fuel stations to meet the energy
requirement of solar cars, as it can be used for domestic purpose, commercial purpose.
A. Mihailidis et al.represented the analysis of two different design approaches of solar
panel support structures which are 1) Fixed support structure design, 2) Adjustable
support structure design. They did analysis according to the following steps. 1) Load
calculation, 2) Analysis of the structure, which includes the creation of a Finite element
model using ANSA as preprocessor. Loads calculated in the first step are applied to the
model. As solver MSC Nastran is used.3) Identification of the structure critical points.
According to the results weak points are redesigned in order to increase the end.
Jinxin Cao et al.performed a wind tunnel experiment to evaluate wind loads on solar
panels mounted on flat roofs. In order to find module force characteristics at different
locations on the roof they use solar array which were fabricated with pressure taps. They
consider two different cases 1) single array, 2) multi-array and find mean and peak
module force co-efficient. They also find effect of mean module force co-efficient on
design parameter of solar panel. They found effect of mean module force co-efficient on
design parameters (tilt angle, height) of solar panel. The results show module force
coefficient for single array cases is larger than multi array cases.
Chih-Kuang Lin et al.use FEA approach to find the effects of self weight and wind loads
on structural deformation and misalignment of solar radiation. They consider distribution
of stress and deformation with wind speed 7 ms-1 and 12 ms-2 with various blowing
directions including gravity. The result shows that this CAE technique is applicable for
designing a reliable and efficient tracking photovoltaic system. Highly stressed regions
are located at bushing and ball bearing & according to von-mises criterion there is no
structural failure forgiven photovoltaic system. The result also indicate displacement and
angular displacement increase with an elevation angle for wind directions at 00, 300 and
600 but it will started decrease with wind direction of 1200, 1500 and 1800.
Sayana M. et al. studied Buckling analysis of solar panel supporting structures. In this
study buckling analysis is done by 1) Eigen value buckling analysis, 2) Non Linear
buckling analysis.In this project Finite element procedureis carrying out. In which the
body is sub divided into small discrete regions known as finite elements. These elements
are defined by nodes and interpolation functions. Governing equations are written for
each element and these elements are assembled in to a global matrix. Loads and
constraints are applied and the solution is then determined. ANSYS software which is

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

finite element software has been used for this study. They concluded that the stability of a
structure depends several factors such as sectional properties, sectional arrangements,
modeling of the structure etc. From the results they concluded that the standard sections
improve the stability of the structure, the arrangements of I, C, and L section affect the
buckling behavior of the structure. Among these sections I section have more stability but
it is not economical, and the C section is less stable during buckling. During loading such
as due to the weight of the panel and the effect of wind, more stress occurring at the roof
of the panel supporting structure, the L section is more suitable at the place of maximum
stress.

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

Design of proposed work

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

CLAMPS

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

CONCLUSION
The Solar operated water pumps are the need for the future. They are reliable and
convenient to operate to operate over long time span with most economical benefits. The
mounting are designed to give a safe and rigid foundation to the mountings so that they
are prevented from any accidental damage. This will give an economical benefit over the
Conventionally used combustion Engines/

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

FUTURE PLANS

Design of Prototype is to be completed till the mid of November

Testing of prototype is to be completed till the end of December
The prototype anomalies are to be studied and rectified in the initially weeks of January
The final design is to be completed during the mid of February.

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)

 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 2015 Course

References
[1] Alex Mathew, B. Biju and Neel Mathews, ”Design and Stability Analysis of Solar
Panel Supporting StructureSubjected to Wind Force”, IJERT, Vol.2, December 2013.
[2] A, Mihailidis, K. Panagiotidis, K. Agouridas,“Analysis of Solar Panel Support
Structures”, 3rd ANSA &μETA International Conference, 2011.
[3] Chih-Kuang Lin, Chen-Yu Dai, Jiunn-Chi Wu,“Analysis of structural deformation
and deformation induced solar radiation misalignment in a tracking photovoltaic system’
Renewable Energy vol.-59, Page No. 59-64, 2013.
[4] Sayana M. and MeghaVijayan,” Buckling Analysis of Solar Panel Supporting
Structures”, SSRG International Journal of civil Engineering, Vol.3, August 2018

Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering , BE (Mechanical Engineering)