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1
University of Technology
Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department
Communication Engineering Lab.
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EXP. NO.8
)(PASS-BAND FILTER
2
University of Technology
Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department
Communication Engineering Lab.
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EXP. NO.8
(PASS-BAND FILTER)
A number of methods are used to establish the pass-band characteristic of Fig. 1(c).
One method employs both a low-pass and a high-pass filter in cascade, as shown in
Fig.(2) .
3
University of Technology
Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department
Communication Engineering Lab.
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EXP. NO.8
(PASS-BAND FILTER)
4
University of Technology
Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department
Communication Engineering Lab.
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EXP. NO.8
(PASS-BAND FILTER)
The network of fig (4) will generate the characteristics of Fig. (3). However, for a
circuit such as the one shown in Fig.( 4), there is a loading between stages at each
frequency that will affect the level of Vo. Through proper design, the level of Vo
may be very near the level of Vi in the pass-band, but it will never equal it exactly.
In addition, as the critical frequencies (f C) of each filter get closer and closer
Together to increase the quality factor of the response curve, the peak values
within the pass-band will continue to drop. For cases where Vo max ≠ Vi max the
bandwidth is defined at 0.707 of the resulting Vo max.
Definitions
Filter Networks designed to either pass or reject the transfer of signals at certain
frequencies to a load.
Active filter a filter that employs active devices such as transistors or operational
amplifiers in combination with R, L, and C elements.
High-pass filter a filter designed to pass high frequencies and reject low
frequencies.
Low-pass filter a filter designed to pass low frequencies and reject high
frequencies.
5
University of Technology
Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department
Communication Engineering Lab.
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EXP. NO.8
(PASS-BAND FILTER)
fig (4)
Stop-band filter a network designed to reject (block) signals within a particular
frequency range.
PROCEDURE
6
University of Technology
Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department
Communication Engineering Lab.
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EXP. NO.8
(PASS-BAND FILTER)
1- Change the frequency and measure Vo for every setting of (f). Tabulate your
result as in table (1)
F(Hz) 20 30 40 60 100 200 400 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400
Vo
Table (1)
2- Measure the phase shift for each frequency setting using the oscilloscope
Where = sin 1 (a/b) as in figure below:
REQUERMENTS:
1- Draw a graph between the gain (Vo) versus frequency, find (fc) and
Compare it with theoretical value. from the graph find f1 & f2 & B.W.
2- Draw a graph between ( ) and (f).
DISCUSSION:
1- compare between the theoretical &experimental results
2- write some of application of band pass filter
3- For the pass-band filter of Fig. (6)
7
University of Technology
Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department
Communication Engineering Lab.
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EXP. NO.8
(PASS-BAND FILTER)
Fig (6)
a. Determine the critical frequencies for the low- and high-pass filters
b. Using only the critical frequencies, sketch the response characteristics
c. Determine the actual value of Vo at the high-pass critical frequency calculated in
part (a), and compare it to the level that will define the upper frequency for the
Pass-band.