Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Curso : FISICA I
Integrantes :
A
A
A
A
2017
INSTRUMENTOS DE PRECISIÓN
I. OBJETIVOS
Para hacer una lectura con el nonio hay que tomar como punto de
NOTA:
PARTES DE UN MICRÓMETRO:
Al
Al
𝒏 𝒆𝟏 (𝒎𝒎) 𝒆𝒊 𝒆𝒊 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏𝟐. 𝟖 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝟐 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕 −𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝟑 𝟏𝟐. 𝟗 𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝟒 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝟓 𝟏𝟐. 𝟔 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝟔 𝟏𝟐. 𝟖 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝟕 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕 −𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝟖 𝟏𝟐. 𝟖𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝟗 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕 −𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟓
a) Valor promedio:
∑𝐶1 127.55
𝑒̅𝐴𝑙 = = = 12.755𝑚𝑚
𝑛 10
𝒆𝒊 = 𝑪𝟏 − 𝒆̅
𝑒1 = 12.8 − 12.755 = 0.045
𝑒2 = 12.7 − 12.755 = −0.055
𝑒3 = 12.9 − 12.755 = 0.145
𝑒4 = 12.75 − 12.755 = −0.005
𝑒5 = 12.6 − 12.755 = −0.155
𝑒6 = 12.8 − 12.755 = 0.045
𝑒7 = 12.7 − 12.755 = −0.055
𝑒8 = 12.85 − 12.755 = 0.095
𝑒9 = 12.75 − 12.755 = −0.005
𝑒10 = 12.7 − 12.755 = −0.055
b) Desviación estándar:
∑ 𝑒𝑖 2 0.06725
=√ =√ = 0.0864 𝑚𝑚
𝑛−1 9
c) Error porcentual:
∆% = ∗ 100%
𝑒̅
0.0864
∆% = % = 0.6774% = 0.68%
12.755
ALUMINIO:
Zn
𝒏 𝑪𝟏 (𝒎𝒎) 𝑪𝟐 (𝒎𝒎) 𝒉(𝒎𝒎) 𝑽(𝒎𝒎)𝟑 𝑽(𝒄𝒎)𝟑
𝒏 𝒆𝟏 (𝒎𝒎) 𝒆𝒊 𝒆𝒊 𝟐
1 12.7 -0.05 0.0025
9 12.75 0 0
10 13 0.25 0.0625
a) Valor promedio:
∑𝐶1 127.5
𝑒̅𝐴𝑙 = = = 12.75𝑚𝑚
𝑛 10
𝒆𝒊 = 𝒆̅ − 𝑪𝟏
𝑒1 = 12.7 − 12.75 = −0.05
𝑒2 = 12.7 − 12.75 = −0.05
𝑒3 = 12.6 − 12.75 = −0.15
𝑒4 = 13.05 − 12.75 = 0.3
𝑒5 = 12.5 − 12.75 = −0.25
𝑒6 = 12.7 − 12.75 = −0.05
𝑒7 = 12.65 − 12.75 = −0.1
𝑒8 = 12.85 − 12.75 = 0.1
𝑒9 = 12.75 − 12.75 = 0
𝑒10 = 13 − 12.75 = 0.25
b) Desviación estándar:
∑ 𝑒𝑖 2 0.265
=√ =√ = 0.1715 𝑚𝑚
𝑛−1 9
c) Error porcentual:
∆% = ∗ 100%
𝑒̅
0.1715
∆% = % = 1.34% = 1.34%
12.75
Zn:
Su espesor promedio es de 12.75 mm con un error porcentual de 1.34% y una
desviación estándar de 0.1715 mm.
3.
Cu
Cu
𝒏 𝒆𝟏 (𝒎𝒎) 𝒆𝒊 𝒆𝒊 𝟐
1 12.7 -0.015 0.000225
∑𝐶1 127.15
𝑒̅𝐴𝑙 = = = 12.715𝑚𝑚
𝑛 10
𝒆𝒊 = 𝒆̅ − 𝑪𝟏
𝑒1 = 12.7 − 12.715 = −0.015
𝑒2 = 12.7 − 12.715 = −0.015
𝑒3 = 12.7 − 12.715 = −0.015
𝑒4 = 12.7 − 12.715 = −0.015
𝑒5 = 12.7 − 12.715 = −0.015
𝑒6 = 12.7 − 12.715 = −0.015
𝑒7 = 12.7 − 12.715 = −0.015
𝑒8 = 12.85 − 12.715 = 0.135
𝑒9 = 12.7 − 12.715 = −0.015
𝑒10 = 12.7 − 12.715 = −0.015
b) Desviación estándar:
∑ 𝑒𝑖 2 0.02025
=√ =√ = 0.0474𝑚𝑚
𝑛−1 9
c) Error porcentual:
∆% = ∗ 100%
𝑒̅
0.0474
∆% = % = 0.3730 = 0.37%
12.715
Cu:
Su espesor promedio es de 12.715 mm con un error porcentual de 0.37% y una
desviación estándar de 0.0474 mm.
4.
Fe
𝒏 𝒆𝟏 (𝒎𝒎) 𝒆𝒊 𝒆𝒊 𝟐
1 12.7 0 0
2 12.7 0 0
3 12.7 0 0
6 12.7 0 0
7 12.7 0 0
9 12.7 0 0
∑𝐶1 127
𝑒̅𝐴𝑙 = = = 12.7𝑚𝑚
𝑛 10
𝒆𝒊 = 𝒆̅ − 𝑪𝟏
𝑒1 = 12.7 − 12.7 = 0
𝑒2 = 12.7 − 12.7 = 0
𝑒3 = 12.7 − 12.7 = 0
𝑒4 = 12.75 − 12.7 = 0.05
𝑒5 = 12.75 − 12.7 = 0.05
𝑒6 = 12.7 − 12.7 = 0
𝑒7 = 12.7 − 12.7 = 0
𝑒8 = 12.65 − 12.7 = −0.05
𝑒9 = 12.7 − 12.7 = 0
𝑒10 = 12.65 − 12.7 = −0.05
b) Desviación estándar:
∑ 𝑒𝑖 2 0.01
=√ =√ = 0.0333𝑚𝑚
𝑛−1 9
c) Error porcentual:
∆% = ∗ 100%
𝑒̅
0.0333
∆% = % = 0.2624 = 0.26%
12.7
Fe:
1.|
Zn
Zn
n
1 12.93 0.217 0.047089
∑𝐶1 127.13
𝑒̅𝐴𝑙 = = = 12.713𝑚𝑚
𝑛 10
𝒆𝒊 = 𝑪𝟏 − 𝒆̅
𝑒1 = 12.93 − 12.713 = 0.217
𝑒2 = 12.885 − 12.713 = 0.172
𝑒3 = 12.43 − 12.713 = −0.283
𝑒4 = 12.67 − 12.713 = −0.043
𝑒5 = 12.67 − 12.713 = −0.043
𝑒6 = 12.425 − 12.713 = −0.288
𝑒7 = 12.93 − 12.713 = 0.217
𝑒8 = 12.87 − 12.713 = 0.157
𝑒9 = 12.62 − 12.713 = −0.093
𝑒10 = 12.7 − 12.713 = −0.013
b) Desviación estándar:
∑ 𝑒𝑖 2 0.32396
=√ =√ = 0.1897𝑚𝑚
𝑛−1 9
c) Error porcentual:
∆% = ∗ 100%
𝑒̅
0.1897
∆% = % = 1.48 = 1%
12.713
Fe
Fe
∑𝐶1 126.645
𝑒̅𝐴𝑙 = = = 12.6645𝑚𝑚
𝑛 10
𝒆𝒊 = 𝑪𝟏 − 𝒆̅
𝑒1 = 12.66 − 12.6645 = −0.0045
𝑒2 = 12.67 − 12.6645 = 0.0055
𝑒3 = 12.66 − 12.6645 = −0.0045
𝑒4 = 12.635 − 12.6645 = −0.0295
𝑒5 = 12.69 − 12.6645 = 0.0255
𝑒6 = 12.665 − 12.6645 = 0.0005
𝑒7 = 12.685 − 12.6645 = 0.0205
𝑒8 = 12.68 − 12.6645 = 0.0155
𝑒9 = 12.625 − 12.6645 = −0.0395
𝑒10 = 12.675 − 12.6645 = 0.0105
b) Desviación estándar:
∑ 𝑒𝑖 2 0.0039
=√ =√ = 0.020877 𝑚𝑚
𝑛−1 9
c) Error porcentual:
∆% = ∗ 100%
𝑒̅
0.020877
∆% = % = 0.16%
12.6645
Fe:
Al
Al
∑𝐶1 127.625
𝑒̅𝐴𝑙 = = = 12.7625𝑚𝑚
𝑛 10
𝒆𝒊 = 𝑪𝟏 − 𝒆̅
𝑒1 = 12.73 − 12.7625 = 0.0325
𝑒2 = 12.69 − 12.7625 = 0.0725
𝑒3 = 12.905 − 12.7625 = 0.1425
𝑒4 = 12.825 − 12.7625 = 0.0625
𝑒5 = 12.745 − 12.7625 = 0.0175
𝑒6 = 12.74 − 12.7625 = 0.0225
𝑒7 = 12.675 − 12.7625 = 0.0875
𝑒8 = 12.83 − 12.7625 = 0.0675
𝑒9 = 12.895 − 12.7625 = 0.1325
𝑒10 = 12.59 − 12.7625 = 0.1725
b) Desviación estándar:
∑ 𝑒𝑖 2 0.0908
=√ =√ = 0.100478 𝑚𝑚
𝑛−1 9
c) Error porcentual:
∆% = ∗ 100%
𝑒̅
0.100478
∆% = % = 0.79%
12.7625
Al:
Cu
Cu
∑𝐶1 126.635
𝑒̅𝐴𝑙 = = = 12.6635𝑚𝑚
𝑛 10
𝒆𝒊 = 𝒆̅ − 𝑪𝟏
𝑒1 = 12.645 − 12.6635 = 0.0185
𝑒2 = 12.71 − 12.6635 = 0.0465
𝑒3 = 12.63 − 12.6635 = 0.0335
𝑒4 = 12.675 − 12.6635 = 0.0115
𝑒5 = 12.54 − 12.6635 = 0.1235
𝑒6 = 12.72 − 12.6635 = 0.0565
𝑒7 = 12.675 − 12.6635 = 0.0115
𝑒8 = 12.670 − 12.6635 = 0.0065
𝑒9 = 12.65 − 12.6635 = 0.0135
𝑒10 = 12.72 − 12.6635 = 0.0565
b) Desviación estándar:
∑ 𝑒𝑖 2 0.025753
=√ =√ = 0.053492 𝑚𝑚
𝑛−1 9
c) Error porcentual:
∆% = ∗ 100%
𝑒̅
0.053492
∆% = % = 0.42%
12.6635
Cu:
VII. CONCLUSIONES
Se cumplieron los objetivos, esto es, se aprendio el
principio de funcionamiento en el que se basan los
instrumentos de precisión