Principles of Pavement

Engineering
EnP.Engr. Jefferson R. Vallente Jr., CE, Assoc. TSSP, M.EASTS
Previous Meetings: Today!
 First Consideration: Financial Cost
• Pavement options is always constrained by
cost.
 First Consideration: Financial Cost
• Availability of material
– Soil is effectively free, however transporting the
material make it costly
– aggregates from rivers though appears economically
advantageous
Identity Crisis. Am I a bridge or a road?
 Comparison of Costs
• Granular materials are 25% of high-quality
unbound crushed rock sub-base to 125% for
ultra-tightly controlled crushed rock base.
• Stabilization of a native soil through hydraulic
binders cost 50% of a crushed rock sub-base.
But not all soil is suited to such stabilization
which most of the time contributes to failure
☺
FYI:
FYI:
 First Consideration: Financial Cost

• Highly dependent on Geography

– For Sources of Materials
– Linear distance of stationing
In general,
• Engineers in the first instance is not directly
concerned with the cost. Many solutions may
be technically excellent but economically non-
viable.
Not all solutions may
be cost effective!
Sustainability and the environment
• Material Sources
Sustainability and the environment
• Energy Issue
Materials Embedded energy: MJ/t

Ingredients Sand and gravels 5-10

Crushed rock aggregate 20-25

Bitumen 3,200-3,800
Portland cement 4,500-5,000
Reinforcing steel 23,000-27,000

Mixtures Hot-mix asphalt 600-800

Cold-mix asphalt 150-200
Lean concrete 450-500
Pavement Quality Concrete 750-1000
Reinforced Concrete 1,100-1,500
Transportation All materials (per journey km) 12-20
1 watt = 1 J/sec
 Assignment:
• Determine at least 4 design requirements for high-speed
highways.
• Determine at least 4 design requirements for an urban
road.
• Determine at least 2 design requirements for rural
roads.
• Determine at least 2 design requirements for car, coach
and lorry parks.
• Determine at least 1 design requirement for ports and
heavy industrial pavements and 4 for airfield
pavements.
• Using the previous assignment describe if the
requirements apply for the given road (urban or rural).