SPEECH DISORDERS
which they want to say.
STEPHANIE T. DE ROMA
BSED-English 2D
 What are speech disorders?
-refers to any condition that affects a
person’s ability to produce sounds that
create words.
 Types of speech disorders
1. Stuttering- refers to a speech disorder
that interrupts the flow of speech
 Developmental stuttering- affects
young children who are still learning
speech and language skills
 Neurogenic stuttering- occurs when
damage to the brain prevents
proper coordination between the
different regions of the brain that
play a role in speech.
Types of disruption
 Repetition- occurs when people
involuntarily repeat sounds, vowels o
words.
 Blocks- happens when people know
what they want to say but have the
difficulty making the necessary speech
sounds. It may cause someone to feel as
though their words are stuck.
 Prolongations- stretching or drawing
out of particular sounds or words.
2. Apraxia- a motor speech disorder
caused by damage to the parts of the
brain related to speaking
-impairment of motor skills can affect an
individual’s ability to form the sounds of
speech correctly, even when they know
3. Dysarthria occurs when damage to
the brain causes muscle weakness in a
person’s face, lips, tongue, throat, and
chest. People who have dysarthria may
experience symptoms such as slurred
speech, mumbling, speaking too slow or
to quick, soft or quiet speech and
difficulty moving the mouth or tongue
4. Communication apprehension is the
level of anxiety triggered by the real or
anticipated communication act. It is
connected to the idea of judgment from
the audience, and self-image.
 Trait anxiety is considered as a
personality type that represents
that the individual has an
orientation to feel anxiety during
the communication act regardless of
the situation, audience or context.
 Context anxiety triggers
communication apprehension due
to a specific context. This is
considered as a psychological
response caused by a specific
context but not necessarily on
others; a person can have no
problem talking to her best friend
but can get anxiety while talking in
front of a class.
 Audience anxiety is when a specific
individual or group of people creates
a problem on communication, or a
reverse reaction.
 Situation anxiety is a psychological
reaction of a person due to a specific
situation that may not have any
relation with the person or context.
This anxiety is triggered by a special
combination of audience and context that  Making jerky movement while talking,
involves different dimensions and creates a usually involving the head
unique scenario.  Blinking several times while talking
 Visible frustration when trying to
communicate
CAUSES OF SPEECH DISORDERS  Taking frequent pauses when talking
 Hoarseness or speaking with a raspy or
1. Vocal cord damage gravelly sounding voice.
2. Brain damage muscle weakness
3. Respiratory weakness
4. Strokes
5. Polyps or nodules on the vocal cord DIAGNOSIS/MEDICATION
6. Vocal cord paralysis
 Denver articulation screening exam (DASE)
7. Autism
-commonly used testing system that
8. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder o
evaluates the clarity in pronunciation in
ADHD
children between ages 2 and 7. It uses
9. Oral cancer
various exercises to assess the children’s
10. Laryngeal cancer
speech.
11. Dementia
 Early language milestones scale 2, created
12. Feeling tired or stressed
by a neurodevelopmental pediatrician James
13. Too much to drink
Coplan that determines a child’s language
14. Migraine
development. It can quickly identify delayed
15. Neurological disorders
speech or language disorders.
16. Medications
 Peabody picture vocabulary test that
measures a person’s vocabulary and ability
SYMPTOMS OF SPEECH DISORDER to speak. The person will listen to various
words and choose pictures that describe the
 Repeating sounds (often seen in people who words.
stutter)
 Adding extra sounds and words
 Elongating words