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Navier – Stokes
Equation

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Viscous Force : Due to the stresses acting on the sided of the fluid
element, both in the normal and tangential directions.

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Flow between two parallel walls

(Plane Couette Flow)
• Gives simplest solution of Navier-Stokes equations
• Steady flow of a viscous fluid between two parallel walls separated by a
distance h.
• Assumed that horizontal dimension of wall (along x -direction) are very large
compared to h
• Therefore flow is independent of x coordinate and depends only on the transverse
coordinate (y coordinate).
• Two wall occupy the planes y=0 and y=h
• Motion in x direction is due to pressure gradient or imposed uniform motion
of one wall w.r.t other or combination of these two.
• Assume boundary at y =0 is at rest and other boundary (y=h) moves with
velocity U in positive x-direction.

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• Motion is independent of x and z coordinates

•v=0; at two boundaries
• No flow in z direction. Therefore w = 0
• u is the only non zero component of velocity.
• From Navier-Stokes Euation;

• Subject to the boundary conditions;

• u (0) = 0, u (h) = 0
• p is independent of y and z. Therefore;
• Solution of; is;

• The pressure gradient gives rise to a parabolic profile and the relative
velocity between two walls generates a linear shear flow

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Flow through a pipe (Poiseuille Flow)

• Laminar flow of fluid in a tube of circular cross section.
• Determination of pressure drops in pipes
• Assume that x-axis coincides with axis of the tube.
• Velocity of fluid in x direction i.e. u = u (r) depends only on radial
coordinate r
• r2 = x2 + y2 , v = w = 0
• Then Navier-Stokes equation can be written as;

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