DESIGN OF T-BEAM CONCRETE BRIDGE

Based on AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design 2007 SI

Client: Designed By: Ali Akbar Shaikhzadeh Date: 28-Feb-11
Job Name: Gala Madad Bridge Design Verified By: Revision: 1

Input Data
TOTAL BRIDGE LENGTH, L 5.80 m

ROADWAY WIDTH, W 4.50 m

WEARING SURFACE THICKNESS 8 mm

CONCRETE STRENGTH, f'c 20 MPa

MAIN REINF. YIELD STRESS, fy 413 MPa

SHEAR REINF. YIELD STRESS, fyt 413 MPa

CONCRETE UNIT WEIGHT, gc 24.0 kN/cum

WEARING COAT UNIT WEIGHT, gwc 22.0 kN/cum

TOTAL DEPTH OF GIRDER + SLAB, H 650 mm

SLAB THICKNESS, h 200 mm

GIRDER WIDTH, bw 400 mm

GIRDERS CENTERLINE SPACING, Sg 2050 mm

REBAR DIA. FOR SLAB 12 mm

REBAR DIA. FOR GIRDER MAIN REINF. 20 mm

REBAR DIA. FOR GIRDER SHEAR REINF. 10 mm

NO. OF LEGS OF SHEAR REINF. 2

SPACING OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT 100 mm

Slab / Deck Design

Minimum slab thickness 175 mm
Provided slab thickness 200 mm
Status O.K.

Dead Load Moment

Since the slab and the girder are monolithic the span would be taken as clear distance between the girders
Clear Span, S 1650 mm
Self weight of slab 4.80 kPa
Weight of wearing coat 0.18 kPa
Total dead load, q 4.98 kPa
Moment for dead load 1.35 kN-m / m Mdl = q S2 / 10

Live Load Moment

According to AASHTO the live load moment for the slab with main reinforcement perpendicular to traffic is given by
the following formula:

 1.64 s  1 
Mll  0.8  P 20 13.3 kN-m
 16 

Live load stresses due to truck are increased to allow for vibration and sudden application of the Load.

Dynamic Load Allowance Moment

50
The increase is calculated by the formula I < 30%
3.28S  125

Where I is the impact factor. The maximum impact factor that can be used is 30%.
Impact factor 0.38
Thus, use I 0.30
Impact moment, MI = Mu I 4.00 kN-m
Total factored moment 32.05 kN-m 1.25 Mdl + 1.75 (MLL + MI)
Resistance factore, f 0.9
Mn total = Mu total / f 35.61 kN-m Total factored nominal moment acting on the slab

Effective depth of slab, d 144 mm

Assume a - d/2 = 0.9 d 130 mm
As = Mn / fy (d - a/2) 665 mm2 Required area of rebar reinforcement
Spacing of bars 170 mm Required maximum allowed spacing to be used

Distribution Reinforcement
Reinforcement shall be placed in the secondary direction in the bottom of slabs as a percentage of the primary
reinforcement for positive moment

ρ = 3840 / (S)0.5 ≤ 67% 94.53 %

Percentage to use 67.00 %
As dis = r As 446 mm2 Required area of distribution reinforcement
Spacing of bars 254 mm Required maximum allowed spacing to be used

Flexural Design of Int. Girder

Dead Load Moment
Wt. of slab / meter of girder 8.21 kN/m
Selft weight of girder 3.60 kN/m
Total dead load, w 11.81 kN/m
Moment for dead load 49.66 kN-m Mdl = w L2 / 8

Live Load Moment

MLL 209.47 kN-m The value is taken from the relative moving loads spreadsheet.

Dynamic Load Allowance Moment

50
The increase is calculated by the formula I < 30% (S in here is equal to L)
3.28S  125

Where I is the impact factor. The maximum impact factor that can be used is 30%.

Impact factor 0.35

Thus, use I 0.30

Impact moment, MI = Mu I 62.84 kN-m

Total factored moment 538.62 kN-m 1.25 Mdl + 1.75 (MLL + MI)
Resistance factore, f 0.9
Mn total = Mu total / f 598.47 kN-m Total factored nominal moment acting on the girder

Effective depth of slab, d 532.5 mm

Assume a - d/2 = 0.9 d 479 mm
As = Mn / fy (d - a/2) 3024 mm2 Required area of rebar reinforcement
No. of bars required 10 Required number of bars
Number of bar layers 2

Note: The flexural design carried out for the interior girders is applicable to the exterior girders as well considering a
a margin of safety.
Shear Design of Int. Girder
Dead Load Shear
Vdl 34.25 kN

Live Load Shear

VLL 181.83 kN The value is taken from the relative moving loads spreadsheet.

Dynamic Load Allowance Shear

Impact factor 0.35
Thus, use I 0.30

Impact shear, VI = VLL I 54.55 kN

Total factored shear, Vu 456.48 kN 1.25 Vdl + 1.75 (VLL + VI)
Resistance factore, f 0.9 Shear and torsion resistance factor
Vn total = Vu total / f 507.20 kN Total factored nominal shear load acting on the girder

Check for Shear Reinforcement Necessity

d 533 mm
bw 400 mm
Av 157 mm2 (Area of lateral rebar) (No. of legs)
b 2.0 Indicating ability of diagonally cracked concrete to transmit tension
dv = 0.9 d 479 mm
fVc 128.1 kN f0.083 b (f'c)0.5 bw dv
Vu 456.5 kN
fVc / 2 64.0 kN

If fVc ≥ Vu and fVc/2 ≥ Vu No shear reinforcement is required.

If fVc ≥ Vu and fVc/2 < Vu Minimum shear reinforcement is required.
If fVc < Vu Shear reinforcement is required.

Shear reinforcement is required

Calculation of Shear Reinforcement
S provided 100 mm
Av, min = 0.083 f'c bw S /fyt
0.5
36 mm2
Av, req 0.2 mm2 Max { (Vu - fVc) , 0 } S / (0.85 fyt d) }
Av, prov 157 mm2
Av, req ≤ Av, prov ≥ Av, min O.K.

Maximum Spacing of Transverse Reinforcement

If Vu / bwd < 0.125 f'c Then, Smax = 0.8 dv ≤ 600 mm
If Vu / bwd ≥ 0.125 f'c Then, Smax = 0.4 dv ≤ 300 mm

Vu / bwd < 0.125 f'c Yes

dv = 0.9 d 479 mm
Smax 383 mm
S provided 100 mm
Status O.K.

Note 1: The shear design carried out for the interior girders is applicable to the exterior girders as well considering a
a margin of safety.
Note 2: The torsion design of interior girders is ignored due to the symetric span lengths of the girders.
Torsion Design of Ext. Girder
Check If Torsion Effects Shall Be Considered
Resistance factore, f 0.9 Shear and torsion resistance factor
dt 55 mm Distance from edge of concrete to centerline of stirrup
xo = bw - 2dt 290 mm
yo = H - 2dt 540 mm
Acp = bw H 260000 mm2
Pcp = 2 (bw + H) 2100 mm
Ph = 2 (xo + yo) 1660 mm
Aoh = xo yo 156600 mm2
Ao = 0.85 Aoh 133110 mm2
Tu = f 0.33 f'c (A cp / Pcp)
0.5 2
42.76 kN-m

Torsion Transverse Reinforcement

Av+ 2At =0.062 f'c0.5bwS/ fyt 34 mm2 Av+ 2At ≥ 0.35 bwS/ fyt ; (Minimum combined stirrups area)
At, req = Tu S / 1.7 f Aoh fyt 43 mm
2

At, prov 157 mm2 Av, prov - Av, required

At, req ≤ At, prov ≥ At, min O.K.

Torsion Longitudinal Reinforcement

AL, min 465 mm2 (0.42 f'c0.5 Acp / fy ) - (At /S) Ph (fyt / fy) ==> At / S ≥ 0.175 bw / fyt
AL, req= At /S Ph(fyt /fy)cot2Ɵ 717 mm2 Ɵ = 45 for nonprestressed members
1/4 AL, req 179 mm2 For top, bottom and each vertical face individually
As, req + 1/4 AL, req 3203 mm2 Required combined bottom reinforcement
1/4 AL, req 179 mm2 Required combined vertical face reinforcement (each)

Minimum Diameter for Longitudinal Reinforcement

dbl = Max ( 0.042 S,10) 10 mm
dbl prov ≥ dbl O.K.

Maximum Spacing for Torsion Stirrups

Smax = Min ( Ph / 8 , 300) 208 mm
Smax, shear & torsion 208 mm Min (Smax, shear , Smax, torsion)
Sprov ≤ Smax, shear & torsion O.K.

Maximum Spacing for Torsion Longitudinal Reinforcement

Smax 300 mm
SIGN OF T-BEAM CONCRETE BRIDGE
Based on AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design 2007 SI
28-Feb-11
1
Version 1.0

A4.6.2.1

A9.7.1.1

AC4.6.2.7.2-1

slab with main reinforcement perpendicular to traffic is given by

 A3.4.1

A5.5.4.2.1

A9.7.3.2

A3.4.1

A5.5.4.2.1

girders is applicable to the exterior girders as well considering a

 A3.4.1

A5.5.4.2.1

A5.8.3.4

A5.8.2.9

A5.8.3.3-3

ACI 11.4.6.1

A5.8.2.5-1

A5.8.2.7-1

A5.8.2.7-2

A5.8.2.9

girders is applicable to the exterior girders as well considering a

A5.5.4.2.1

ACI 11.5.3.6

ACI 11.5.5.2

ACI 11.5.3.6

ACI 11.5.5.3

ACI 11.5.3.7

ACI 11.5.6.2

ACI 11.5.6.2

ACI 11.5.6.2
 MOVING LOADS

Client: Designed By: Ali Akbar Shaikhzadeh Date: 2/28/2011

Job Name: Gala Madad Bridge Design Verified By: Revision: 1
###
###
INPUT DATA ###
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
###
Left Span, L1 = 19.0240 5.80 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 ###
m
Right Span, L2 = 0.0000 0.00 m w1 w2 ###
Elastic Modulus, E = 3407.50 23500 MPa ###
Member Inertia, I = 21992.96 915416 cm4 x EI ###
L1 L2
Uniform Load, w1 = 0.000 0.00 kN/m ###
Uniform Load, w2 = 0.000 0.00 VL L1 >= L2 VR L2 <= L1 ###
kN/m
R(max)
No. of Wheels, Nw = 2 2.00 ###
Nomenclature ###
###
Wheel Loads: P1 P2 ###
(kN) 145.00 145.00 ###
32.48 32.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ###
S1 S2 ###
Wheel Spacing: 14.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ###
(m) 4.30 ###
###
RESULTS ###
###
Moment and Shears for Left Span, L1: ###
M(max) = 209.47 kN-m maximum moment under wheel @ P1 ###
@ x = 1.83 m from left end to M(max) ###
# Wheels on Span = 1 P1, for M(max) ###
VL = 72.24 kN left end shear for wheels positioned for M(max) ###
VR = 72.24 kN right end shear for wheels positioned for M(max) ###
VL(max) = 181.83 kN wheels positioned for maximum shear at left end ###
VR(max) = 181.83 kN wheels positioned for maximum shear at right end ###
###
Maximum Deflection for Left Span, L1: ###
D(max) = -2.7286 mm maximum vertical deflection for wheels positioned for M(max) ###
@x= 2.90 m from left end to D(max) ###
D(ratio) = L/2125 deflection ratio ###
###
Maximum Reaction at Center Support: ###
R(max) = N.A. kN no Right Span, L2 = 0 ###
###