And so, as its been emphasized earlier, there are two major areas when it comes to AI

applications and for the purpose of our research, we are going to take a look at the politicality
of it through security aspect.

As probably many of you may know, partially autonomous and intelligent systems have been
used in military technology since at least the Second World War, but advances in machine
learning and Artificial Intelligence represent a turning point in the use of automation in warfare.

When asking the question of how far are, the things we know about AI being portrayed like in
Hollywood movies, where robots take over... how much of this is science fiction and how close
are, we to reality?

The answer is. it's just starting and it's not science fiction it's now common to see commercials
for self-breaking cars in an emergency, as jobs are eliminated in favor of machines that are
more precise but it will be A slower integration into the military because of the human factor,
where the bots and technology we have now does not give them complete control over
humans and war.

AI in present military security:

Around the world, AI is already seen as the next big military advantage.

Early this year, the US announced a grand strategy for harnessing artificial intelligence in many
areas of the military, including intelligence analysis, decision-making, vehicle autonomy,
logistics, and weaponry. The Department of Defense’s proposed a budged of $927 million for AI
and machine learning for the year 2020. Existing projects include testing whether AI can predict
when tanks and trucks need maintenance as well as things on the leading edge of weapons
technology.

In July 2017, China articulated its AI strategy, declaring that “the world’s major developed
countries are taking the development of AI as a major strategy to enhance national
competitiveness and protect national security.”
One of the cities In China, Tianjin, said it will establish a 15.7-billion-dollar fund to speed up
development of new generation AI technologies, according to the city’s government website.

What can we say is that all these major investments across nations, as Vladimir Putin ominously
declared:

(slide)

“Whoever becomes the leader in [the AI] sphere will become the ruler of the world.”

Military applications

Next, we are going to look at the main military applications of AI. They are used to enhance
Communications, Sensors, Integration and Interoperability. Artificial Intelligence technologies
enables coordination of sensors and effectors, threat detection and identification, marking of
enemy positions, target acquisition, coordination and deconfliction of distributed Join Fires
between networked combat vehicles and tanks also inside Manned and Unmanned Teams.

Right now, the most notable use of robots in the military over the past few decades is also the
first thing that will spring to mind for most: the usage drones.

There are over 7,000 of them in service, and the next generation of robot aircraft will only
expand on the task.

Slide

The U.S. Army also makes significant use of robots in their operations. At present, the Army
uses robots for a wide range of roles - including bomb disposal and reconnaissance. In the
future, the Army is developing entire classes of robots for battlefield usage, in categories
defined as light, medium, and heavy. Like the Scorpion, from Endeavor Robotics - which can
have its robot parts be (partially) repaired by using a 3D printer - are battling it out to be
selected as the Army's next metallic front-line soldier.

For instance, 800 robots were deployed by the Army in the last 18 months and it just ordered
1200 more, as of 2019. However, none of these bots are armed yet, as there are still
regulations to be made regarding. But lethal autonomous weapons are now years, not decades
away.

And US isn’t the only one that’s got an arsenal: Apparently, Chinese military contractors have
already started to sell dangerous, autonomous killer robots to customers in the Middle East.

Governmental issue

As seen in the examples above, AI incorporation in the military technology is pretty impressive.
But there are some aspects to it that are important to inspect closely. We have to look at the
issue as not only from a military affairs perspective but as an issue for our democratic values as
well.

As shown in the video earlier, the use of AI involvement into game strategy and the inclusion of
autonomous war machines are great but for example Security surveillance cameras in
China(200 million), the use of facial recognition in phones, can be seen as a good thing for the
security, but it has negative implications too, such as for instance, spreading of false
information and false propaganda online, the use of deepfakes, which are media that take a
person in an existing image or video and replace them with someone else's likeness using
artificial neural networks. Like in the example on the screen.

Conclusion

And so, to sum everything up, the security aspect we touched upon today is formed from two
parts: one is the military aspect and then the governmental aspect.

Both aspects are made up with good and bad points to it, one is meant to protect us and the
state, including weaponization and use of hard power, and second is, abusing the technology to
spread misguidance false information and propaganda, deteriorates democratic values. In this
sense, states can threaten their own citizens and here, AI is rather diminishing the security of
individuals.
The fast-growing industry of AI is meant to protect us and enhance security but it also may
leave us exposed to more threats, therefore an effective incorporation is going to be a
challenge.