Time: Tuesday, 10:30-1:30 Lab Instructor: Engr.

Florence Joie Lacsa

Laboratory Report 4
Heat of Combustion
Numerical Data and Observations
Setup A
Fuels Mass consumed (g) Moles consumed (mol)
1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Average 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Average
Propanol 0.29 0.2 0.16 0.22 4.8× 3.3× 2.7×10−3 3.7×
10−3 10−3 10−3
Ethanol 0.22 0.31 0.19 0.24 4.8× 6.7× 4.1×10−3 5.2×
10−3 10−3 10−3
Paraffin 0.18 0.26 0.20 0.21 5.7× 8.2× 6.3×10−4 6.6×
Wax 10−4 10−4 10−4

Heat of Combustion per mole

True Experimental Value (kJ/mol) % error
Fuels st nd rd st nd
Value 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial average 1 2 3rd average
(kJ/mol) Trial Trial Trial
Propanol -2021.0 -1741.7 -2533.3 -3096.3 -2259.5 14% 25% 53% 11%
Ethanol -1367.3 -1741.7 -1247.8 -2039.0 -1607.7 27% 9% 49% 18%
Paraffin -14700 -14666.7 -10195.1 -13269.8 -12666.7 .23% 31% 10% 14%
Wax

Computations
Formulas used:
• Mass Consumed= m1 -m2
m1- m2
• Moles Consumed= MM
• q=-mH2O c∆T
q 1 kJ
• ∆c H= (n ) (1000 J)
fuel
true value−experimental value
• Percentage error = | | × 100
true value

𝐽
q = -(100g)(4.18 𝑔∙°𝐶)(20 °C) = -8360 J

PROPANOL
Trial 1: m1 = 148.7 g, m2 = 148.41 g
Mass consumed = 148.7g-148.41g = 0.29 g
𝑔
Moles consumed = 0.29g ÷ 60 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 4.8×10−3 mol
-8360 J 1 kJ
∆c H= ( 4.8×10−3 mol) (1000 J) = -1741.7 kJ/mol
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
−2021.0 −(−1741.7 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage error = | 𝑘𝐽 |x100 = 14%
−2021.0
𝑚𝑜𝑙
Trial 2: m1 = 148.41 g, m2 = 148.21 g
Mass consumed = 148.41g-148.21g = 0.20 g
𝑔
Moles consumed = 0.20g ÷ 60 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 3.3×10−3 mol
-8360 J 1 kJ
∆c H= ( 3.3×10−3 mol) (1000 J) = -2533.3 kJ/mol
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
−2021.0 −(−2533.3 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage error = | 𝑘𝐽 |x100 = 25%
−2021.0
𝑚𝑜𝑙

Trial 3: m1 = 148.21 g, m2 = 148.05 g

Mass consumed = 148.41g-148.05g = 0.16 g
𝑔
Moles consumed = 0.16g ÷ 60 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 2.7×10−3 mol
-8360 J 1 kJ
∆c H= ( 2.7×10−3 mol) (1000 J) = -3096.3 kJ/mol
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
−2021.0 −(−3096.3 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage error = | 𝑘𝐽 |x100 = 53%
−2021.0
𝑚𝑜𝑙

Average:
Mass consumed = (0.29+0.2+0.16)g ÷3 = 0.22
𝑔
Moles consumed = 0.22g ÷ 60 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 3.7×10−3 mol
-8360 J 1 kJ
∆c H= ( 3.7×10−3 mol) (1000 J) = -2259.5 kJ/mol
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
−2021.0 −(−2259.5 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage error = | 𝑘𝐽 |x100 = 11%
−2021.0
𝑚𝑜𝑙

ETHANOL
Trial 1: m1 = 146.5 g, m2 = 146.28 g
Mass consumed = 146.5g-145.28g = 0.22 g
𝑔
Moles consumed = 0.22g ÷ 46 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 4.8×10−3 mol
-8360 J 1 kJ
∆c H= ( 4.8×10−3 mol) (1000 J) = -1741.7 kJ/mol
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
−1367.3 −(−1741.7 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage error = | 𝑘𝐽 |x100 = 27%
−1367.3
𝑚𝑜𝑙

Trial 2: m1 = 146.28 g, m2 = 145.97 g

Mass consumed = 146.28g-145.97g = 0.31 g
𝑔
Moles consumed = 0.31g ÷ 60 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 6.7×10−3 mol
-8360 J 1 kJ
∆c H= ( 6.7×10−3 mol) (1000 J) = -1247.8 kJ/mol
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
−1367.3 −(−1247.8 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage error = | 𝑘𝐽 |x100 = 9%
−1367.3
𝑚𝑜𝑙
Trial 3: m1 = 145.97 g, m2 = 145.78 g
Mass consumed = 145.97g-145.78g = 0.19 g
𝑔
Moles consumed = 0.19g ÷ 60 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 4.1×10−3 mol
-8360 J 1 kJ
∆c H= ( 4.1×10−3 mol) (1000 J) = -2039.0 kJ/mol
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
−1367.3 −(−2039.0 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage error = | 𝑘𝐽 |x100 = 49%
−1367.3
𝑚𝑜𝑙

Average:
Mass consumed = (0.22+0.31+0.19)g ÷3 = 0.24
𝑔
Moles consumed = 0.24g ÷ 60 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 5.2×10−3 mol
-8360 J 1 kJ
∆c H= ( 5.2×10−3 mol) (1000 J) = -1607.7 kJ/mol
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
−2021.0 −(−2259.5 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage error = | 𝑘𝐽 |x100 = 18%
−2021.0
𝑚𝑜𝑙

PARAFFIN WAX
Trial 1: m1 = 7.2 g, m2 = 7.02 g
Mass consumed = 7.2-7.02 = 0.18 g
𝑔
Moles consumed = 0.18g ÷ 60 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 5.7×10−4 mol
-8360 J 1 kJ
∆c H= ( 5.7×10−4 mol) (1000 J) = -14666.7 kJ/mol
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
−147000 −(−14666.7 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage error = | 𝑘𝐽 |x100 = 23%
−147000
𝑚𝑜𝑙

Trial 2: m1 = 7.02 g, m2 = 6.76 g

Mass consumed = 7.02g-6.76g = 0.26 g
𝑔
Moles consumed = 0.26g ÷ 60 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 8.2×10−4 mol
-8360 J 1 kJ
∆c H= ( 8.2×10−4 mol) (1000 J) = -10195.1 kJ/mol
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
−147000 −(−10195.1 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage error = | 𝑘𝐽 |x100 = 31%
−147000
𝑚𝑜𝑙

Trial 3: m1 = 6.76 g, m2 = 6.56 g

Mass consumed = 6.76g-6.56g = 0.20 g
𝑔
Moles consumed = 0.20g ÷ 60 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 6.3×10−4 mol
-8360 J 1 kJ
∆c H= ( 6.3×10−4 mol) (1000 J) = -13269.8 kJ/mol
 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
−147000 −(−13269.8 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage error = | 𝑘𝐽 |x100 = 10%
−147000
𝑚𝑜𝑙

Average:
Mass consumed = (0.18+0.26+0.20)g ÷3 = 0.21 g
𝑔
Moles consumed = 0.24g ÷ 60 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 6.6×10−4 mol
-8360 J 1 kJ
∆c H= ( 6.6×10−4 mol) (1000 J) = -12666.7 kJ/mol
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
−147000 −(−12666.7 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage error = | 𝑘𝐽 |x100 = 14%
−147000
𝑚𝑜𝑙