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AUTOMATED PORK BARBEQUE SKEWER

SYSTEM

A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Engineering
Computer Engineering Department
In Partial Fulfilment of the Course Requirement
for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering

BY:
Ervin Calaycay
Jose Eric Sapin
John Vergel Amrinto
Anthon Jay Castro
Fernando Tantuan III
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Approval Sheet

Acknowledgement

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Abstract

Background of the Study

Significance of the Study

Objective of the Study

Respondents

Definitions of Terms

Skewering Machine

Conveyor

Linear Actuator (Stepper motor) with limit switch

Developed System
Materials

Methods

Architectural Design

Schematic Design of the System

Procedural Design

Experimental Setup of the System

viv
Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Filipino cuisine reflect the rich cultural heritage of the Filipinos. It is an integral part of

Filipino culture. However, due to many influence, the taste for Filipino cuisine has

begun to be replaced by the preference for foreign food (Florendo et al., 2019). One of

these foreign preference is street foods. Street foods have been define as “food which

are generally sold from stand stalls (usually not permanent structures) on the pavement

of busy streets in both urban and rural areas, usually at lower cost than fast food (J.Hill

et al., 2018).

The most crowd-pleasing street food in our country nowadays is barbeque. It provides

livelihood for many people who otherwise have been unemployed (J.Hill et al., 2018).

The increasing number of entrepreneurs also create new earning opportunities. This

also signifies that the demand for cleaner and faster process of making barbeque is

essential. One of the most delicate process in making barbeque is skewering. At the

present time, such skewering work is performed by hand and it is very challenging for

an operator to skewer large quantities of such food without sometimes injuring his

hands in the process. When in many cases the hand skewered materials are not well

centred on the stick so that they become detached (Yamanaka et al., 1973).The

operation by hand is inefficient and it is also unfavorable from a sanitary viewpoint.

Because contaminated fingernails play a great role in transporting pathogens from the

source to the food items and then from the food to the body (Tadesse et al., 2019).
The acquired data from the research papers, and internet aided the researchers to

propose this system. According to the journal entitled “Fast Facts: how much meat does

Filipino consume?” written by Sofia Tomacruz published on April 14, 2017. The

Filipino consumes about 14.2 kg of pork two kg more than the world’s average world

consumption. Next to pork, the average Filipino consumes about 11.6 kg of chicken

and 3 kg of beef or veal. Based on this information the researchers decided to focus on

pork barbeque.

This study will be conducted in order to enhance the traditional skewering process of

pork barbeque. It aims to design and develop an automated pork barbeque skewer

system with the develop advance features of uninterruptable power supply that prevents

the sudden cut –off of electricity from the main source and a system that can skewer

three pork barbeque at a time.


Significance of the Study

This research introduced a microcontroller based approach of skewering pork barbeque

that will deliver convenience, relative ease and faster skewering process.

Objective of the Study

The main objective of this study is to design and develop an automated barbeque

skewering system particularly for pork barbeque.

Specifically it aims to:

1. Design and develop an automated barbeque skewering machine specifically for

pork barbeque.

2. Evaluate the performance of the developed system in terms of:

2.1. Skewering quantity and quality,

2.2. Functionality,

2.3. Efficiency; and

2.4. Speed.

3. Evaluate acceptability of the system to chosen respondents.


Respondents

This refers to the person who will benefit and used the system.

Qualifications: The user who is authorized to use this system can be barbeque

entrepreneurs or business owner.

Fill loader plate with pork

Figure 1. Use case


diagram of the
developed system

Skewering process of the pork

Skewered Pork
(ready to cook pork barbeque)

Abrupt description: the user must first check if the UPS (uninterrupted power supply)

is connected to the main power of the system in case of sudden cut off of electricity

from the main source. Press the power button to turn on the system and you load your

pork to the customized loader plate. Press the start button for the machine to start

skewering.
Definitions of Terms

Barbeque/Barbecue: A meal at which meat, fish, or other food is cooked out of doors

on a rack over an open fire or on a special appliance

(https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/barbecue). In this study, we specifically used

pork barbeque.

Efficiency: Preventing a wasteful use of a particular resources (Dictionary

Cambridge, 2019). In this study it is the rate of energy needed to skewer barbeque.

Entrepreneur: One who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or

enterprise (Merriam-Webster, 2019). In this study, it is the entrepreneur who market

on barbeque.

Functionality: Operations are suited on purpose. Having or serving a utilitarian

purpose; capable of serving the purpose for which it was designed

(https://www.dictionary. com).

Linear Actuator: An electric linear actuator is a device that converts the rotational motion

of a AC or DC motor into linear motion- that is, it will provide both push and pull movement

(https://www.firgelliauto.com/blogs/news/linear-actuators-101).

Pathogens: Is a tiny living organism, such as bacterium or virus (Vocabulary

Dictionary, 2019).

Productivity: Productivity is defined as the efficient use of resources, labour, capital,

land, materials, energy, information, in the production of various goods and services

(Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2019). In this study, it is the rate of produced

skewered barbeque.
Proximity Sensor: Are used across a broad range of industrial and manufacturing

applications. They’re used to sense the presence of objects or materials and then either

initiate some actions or simply flag their presence or absence. Key to their operations

is that they don’t target or object being sensed. This is why they’re often called non-

contact sensors (https://www.motioncontroltips.com/what-are-proximity-

sensors/).

Skewer: The pointed wooden stick you use to hold cubes of meat or vegetables together

while they're cooking (Vocabulary Dictionary, 2019).

Speed: The rate at which something happens or done or the quality of being quick

(Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2019). In this study, it is the rate of how faster the

skewering process of this system compared to the traditional skewering process.

Stepper Motor: A stepper motor is an electromechanical device it converts electrical

power. Also it is a brushless, synchronous electric motor that can divide a full rotation

into an expansive number of steps. The motor’s position can be controlled accurately

without any feedback mechanism, as long as the motor is carefully sized to the

application. Stepper motors are similar to switched reluctance motors

(https://www.elprocus.com/stepper-motor-types-advantages-apllications/).

Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS): Back up source for limited time. It is also known

as battery backup, provides backup power when your regular power source fails or

voltage drops (https://www.cyberpowersystem.com).


Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Skewering Machine

Figure 2. Partly schematic side


elevational view

Figure 3. Top plan view

Suggestive Design By: Takeharu


Yamanaka et al., 1973

Figure 2 and 3 shows a patented design of skewering machine by Takeharu Yamanaka

which has the same concept with the developed system.


According to Takeharu Yamanaka this design is provided a machine for automatically

centering and pressing materials which are intended to be skewered on a skewer plate

of a first conveyor, while a skewer rod is pushed through the materials held in

compression by an automatic pusher. The materials may be placed on an individual

supporting plate of a first conveyor. The apparatus of the invention also includes means

for directing individual skewers or rods from a bin or supply thereof onto a second

conveyor in spaced orientation where they are moved in succession to a position at

which they are aligned with the guide means of the plates of the first conveyor.

Associated with the second conveyor is a mechanism for pushing each skewer at the

aligned position with the pressure station so that the skewer moves through the guide

of the plates carrying the material and pierces the material to skewer all of the material

compressed on the plates by the presser member.

The two conveyors and the supply system for the skewers, as well as the presser, are all

driven in timed relationship by a single driving motor. From this information, the author

showed us his suggestive design on a system which automatically skewer materials

such as meat, onions, etc.

Conveyor

A video entitled KSE Automatic Skewer Machine-KSE-ST28 retrieved from the link

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kL-Ot5CczLw the video shows a conceptual design of

a conveyor. This video showed one of the idea to have a conveyor with built-in loader

plate to significantly increase the output quality and quality of the skewered meat.
Linear Actuator (Stepper motor) with Limit Switch

A video entitled Control Stepper Motor with Limit Switches - Arduino Programming

retrieve from https;//www.arduinotutorialonline.com/2017/12/control-stepper-motor-

with-limit.html?m=1. The video shows that the alternative of using pneumatic cylinder

which uses compressor can be linear actuator with limit switch. This video shows that

linear actuator is very easy to use. And just like pneumatic cylinder it can push forward

an object. The limit switch is used to reverse the motion of the linear actuator. From

this data, the video showed alternative design of using linear actuator with limit switch

instead of pneumatic cylinder and compressor.


Developed System

Figure 5. Front view


Figure 4. South East view

Figure 6. Left Side view Figure 7. Right Side view


Loader Plate

Figure 8. Conveyor

Bin

Pusher

Linear
Conveyor
Actuator

Figure 9. Skewering Conveyor


Pictured in figure 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 is physical structure of the developed system. This

Arduino based- Automatic pork Barbeque Skewer System is capable of skewering large

quantity of pork barbeque compared to the current skewering by hand. Which will

provide ease and comfort to the user. This machine has its own uninterruptable power

supply (UPS) which provides the operator enough time to back up his source in case if

the power is out. It has a customized loader plate where you can put and arrange the

pork for skewering. This helps minimize injuries cause by handling pork while

skewering. It has a default stop button for emergency purposes. This system also has

LCD display to display the quantity of skewered pork barbeque.


Chapter 3

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Materials

This pertains to the physical components of the system which is accountable for

performing inputs, outputs and processing of data.

Materials Estimated Prize


Arduino Mega P551.00
Proximity Sensor P780.00
500W UPS (uninterruptable power supply) P2,290
LCD (4x16) P220.00
24V wiper motor P1,800.00
Limit switch P60.00
DC Motor P50.00
Nema 34 Stepper Motor(with
driver) P1,108.00

Methods

The process started by gathering design concept of other comparable literature for the

researchers to add latest improvement with respect to innovating the development of

the system. The researchers visualized and sketched the possible design of the

developed system using AutoCAD. Next the researchers plan to evaluate the system in

terms of Skewering quantity and quality of the developed system, functionality,

efficiency, speed and the acceptability of the developed system to our chosen

respondents.
In evaluating the skewering quantity and quality the researcher plan to compare the

produced skewered barbeque of the developed system to the skewered barbeque

produced by traditional skewering process. The quality is based upon the skewered pork

barbeque if it is well centered on the skewer and the pork is not easily become detached.

While the quantity is based on how many is produced skewered pork barbeque in a

certain duration. The functionality is test by evaluating the performance of the

developed system it is based on the system capability of doing its job with no errors. In

evaluating speed the researchers plan to compare how many product is produced by the

developed system compared to the traditional in a certain amount of time. In

determining if the developed system is acceptable to the chosen respondents the

researcher plan to survey the chosen respondents by giving them questioners. By

gathering this data the researchers can determine whether the developed system is

acceptable or not.
Architectural Design

220V Source
Outlet Switch

500W UPS
Proximity Sensor

Start and Stop Button

12V-24V AC to DC Inverter

Microcontroller

12V Stepper Motor

Stepper Motor Driver


24V Linear Actuator (Stepper motor) for
pressuring the loader plate loaded with pork

12V DC Motor
Conveyor
5V Relay Module

24V Wiper Motor

24V Linear Actuator (Stepper motor) with limit switch for skewering
pork Conveyor

First conveyor for the skewers Second conveyor for the loader
plate

Figure 10. Architectural Design of the System


As shown in the figure 7, it indicates that the Arduino microcontroller will be the brain

of the entire circuit. It will send and gathers data then process sensors input and

determines what to do with the system (to turn on the conveyor, LCD & etc.). Once the

proximity sensor detects something (pork) in the loader plate, it will trigger the linear

actuator to push the skewer through the loader plate. At the same time the linear actuator

that will be placed above the loader plate also pushed and acts as pressure to hold the

loader plate in place while the pork is being skewered. This process will be repeatedly

happen as long as the sensor detects a pork. An LCD will be provided to display how

many skewered pork is produce. The first conveyor (loader plate) will be using a 24v

wiper motor and the second conveyor (stick carrier) will use a stepper motor. The DC

motor will help the conveyor (stick carrier) to reject extra stick. The two (linear

actuator) moves in succession with each other. And the two groups of linear actuator

will move in succession with each other. However, if the proximity sensor doesn’t

detect pork at the loader plate, the linear actuator which is responsible in that plate will

not be trigger to push. As long as the sensor detects pork at the loader plate, the system

will continue to function unless it will be manually turn off. Every skewered pork will

be counted and display at the LCD. Also a stop button is provided for emergency

purposes.
Procedural Design

START

NO POWER YES
SUPPLY SKEWERS TO THE UPS ON
DOWN?
BIN

READY FOR BACK


FILL PORK TO THE UP SOURCE
INDIVIDUAL LOADER
PLATE

POWER
BACK ON
PRESSED THE START
BUTTON

A
CONVEYOR WILL
START MOVING

SENSOR DETECTS
NO
PORK?
YES

SEND DATA TO THE


MICROCONTROLLER

LINEAR ACTUATOR ACTIVATED LINEAR ACTUATOR ACTIVATED


(PRESSURE TO THE LOADER PLATE) (TO SKEWER THE PORK)

SKEWERED PORK
BARBEQUE

LCD MANUALLY TURN-OFF

Figure 11. Procedural Design of the System


END
Figure 8 shows the workflow of the design and developed Arduino based- Automatic

Pork Barbeque Skewer System which starts by supplying the bin with skewers and

turning on the system. The systems has a built in UPS that prevents sudden cut-off of

electricity from the main source. Fill the individual loader plate with pork. Then, press

the start button. This will begin the movement of the conveyor with the loader plate.

When the proximity sensor detects pork at the loader plates this will send data to the

microcontroller, which process and translate the data. This data will be send to the linear

actuator to start holding the three loader plate in place while the other three linear

actuator will start skewering them. The product of this process is ready to cook

skewered pork barbeque. This is count and display at the LCD. A stop button is

provided in case the user is satisfied with the number of skewered pork barbeque.
REFERENCES

Hill J., Mchiza Z., Puoane T. & Steyn N. (2018): “Food sold by street-food vendors in Cape
Town and surrounding areas: a focus on food and nutrition knowledge as well as practices
related to food preparation of street-food vendors”, Journal of Hunger & Environmental
Nutrition.
WertheIm-Heck S., Raneri J.E., and Oosterveer P. (2019): “Food safety and nutrition for low-
income urbanites: exploring a social justice dilemma in consumption policy”.
Florendo J., 2019.” Colonizing the Filipino Palate”, Presented at the 12th DLSU Arts Congress
De La Salle University, Manila.
Tadesse G., 2019.”Salmonella and Shigella Among Asymptomatic Street Food Vendors in the
Dire Dawa city, Eastern Ethiopia: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and
Associated Factors”. Environmental Health Insights Volume 13.
Azanza M.P. (2018):” Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in the Philippines (2005–2018)”,
Philippine Journal of Science Vol. 148 No. 2, June 2019.
“Fast Facts: how much meat does Filipino consume?” retrieve from:
https://www.rappler.com/business/166870-fast-facts-meat-chicken-pork-filipino-
consumption

Design of the System


“Skewering Machine” retrieve from: https://patents.google.com/patent/US3835761A/en
“Control Stepper Motor with Limit Switches - Arduino Programming” retrieve from:
https;//www.arduinotutorialonline.com/2017/12/control-stepper-motor-with-limit.html?m=1
“KSE Automatic Skewer Machine-KSE-ST28” retrieved from:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kL-Ot5CczLw

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