Stainless Steel

304/304L UNS S30400/UNS S30403

316/316L UNS S31600/UNS S31603
317/317L UNS S31700/UNS S31703
321/321H UNS S32100/UNS S32109
347/347H UNS S34700/UNS S34709

Trade UNS Austenitic Industry Chemical Min.Tensile Min.Yield Elongation

Name Specifications Composition (KSI) (KSI) %
304 UNS S30400 AISI 304 C 0.08 max 75 30 40
AMS 5501, 5513, 5560, 5563, Cr 18.00-20.00
5564, 5565, 5566, 5567, 5639, Mn 2.00 max
5697, 5857, 5910, 5911, 5912, Ni 8.00-10.50
5913, 5868, AMS-QQ-S-763 P 0.045 max
(304), AMS-T-6845 (304), AMS- S 0.030 max
T-8506 (304), AS7245 Si 1.00 max
ASME SA-182 (304), SA-194
(8), SA-213 (304), SA-240
(304), SA-249(304), SA-312
(304), SA-320 (B8), SA-358
(304), SA-376 (304), SA-403
(304), SA-409 (304), SA-479
(304), SA-688 (304)
ASTM A182 (304), A193 (304,
B8, B8A), A194 (304, 8, 8A),
A213 (304), A240 (304), A249
(304), A264 (304), A269 (304),
A276 (304), A312 (304), A313
(304), A314 (304), A320 (304,
B8, B8A), A336 (F304), A358
(304), A368 (304), A376 (304),
A376 (TP304), A403 (304),
A409 (304), A430 (304), A473
(304), A478 (304), A479 (304),
A492 (304), A493 (304), A511
(304), A554 (304), A580 (304),
A632 (304), A666 (304), A688
(304), A774 (304), A774
(TP304), A793 (304), A813
(TP304), A814 (TP304), A851
(TP304), A908 (304), A943
(304), A965 (304), A988, A988
(304), F593 (304), F738 (304),
F836 (304), F837 (304), F879
(304), F880 (304), F899 (304)
MIL SPEC MIL-S-21149/6MIL-
S-24149/3, MIL-S-24249/6,
MIL-T-5695, MIL-T-8504 (304)
SAE J405 (304), J412 (304),
J467 (304)
304L UNS S30403 AISI 304L C 0.03 max 70 30 40
AMS 5511, 5569, 5584, 5647, Cr 18.00-20.00
AMS-QQ-S-763 (304L), AMS-T- Mn 2.00 max
6845 Ni 8.00-12.00
ASME SA-182 (304L), SA-213 P 0.045 max
(304L), SA-240 (304L), SA- S 0.030 max
249(304L), SA-312 (304L), SA- Si 1.00 max
403 (304L), SA-479 (304L), SA-
688 (304L)
ASTM A182 (304L), A213
 (TP304L), A240 (304L), A249
(304L), A269 (304L), A270
(TP304L),A276 (304L),A312
(304L), A314 (304L), A336
(F304L), A358 (304L), A368
(304L), A403 (304L), A409
(304L), A473 (304L), A478
(304L), A479 (304L), A493
(304L), A511 (304L), A554
(304L), A580 (304L), A632
(304L), A666 (304L), A688
(304L), A774 (TP304L), A778
(TP304L), A793 (304L), A813
(TP304L), A814 (TP304L), A851
(TP304L), A924 (304L), A924
(TP304L) A943 (TP304L), A965
(F304L), A988, F593 (304L),
F594 (304L), F738 (304L), F836
(304L), F837 (304L), F879
(304L), F880 (304L)
MIL SPEC MIL-S-4043
SAE J405 (304L), J467 (304L)
316 UNS S31600 AISI 316 C 0.08 max 75 30 40
AMS 5524, 5573, 5690, 5691, Cr 16.00-18.00
5692, 5696, 5907,AMS-QQ-S- Mn 2.00 max
763 Mo 2.00-3.00
ASME SA-182 (316), SA-193 Ni 10.00-14.00
(316), SA-194 (316), SA-213 P 0.045 max
(316), SA-240 (316), SA-249 S 0.030 max
(316), SA-312 (316), SA-320 Si 1.00 max
(316), SA-358 (316), SA-376
(316), SA-403 (316),SA-409
(316), SA-479 (316), SA-688
(316)
ASTM A182 (316), A193 (316,
B8M, B8MA, B8M2, B8M3), A194
(316, 8M, 8MA), A213 (TP316),
A240 (316), A249 (316), A269
(316), A270 (TP316),A271
(TP316), A276 (316), A312
(316), A313 (316), A314 (316),
A320 (316, B8M, B8MA), A336
(F316), A358 (316), A368
(316), A376 (316), A376
(TP316), A403 (316), A409
(316), A430 (316), A580 (316),
A632 (316), A632 (TP316),
A688 (316), A688 (TP316),
A793 (316), A813 (TP316),
A814 (TP316), A826 (TP316),
A831 (316), A943 (TP316),
A965 (F316), A988, F593 (316),
F594 (316), F738 (316), F836
(316), F837 (316), F879 (316),
F899 (316)
MIL SPEC MIL-S-24149/3, MIL-
S-24149/6
SAE J405 (316), J412 (30316),
J467 (316)
316L UNS S31603 AISI 316L C 0.03 max 70 25 35
AMS 5507, 5584, 5653, AMS- Cr 16.00-18.00
QQ-S-763 Mn 2.00 max
ASME SA-182 (316L), SA-213 Mo 2.00-3.00
(316L), SA-240 (316L), SA-249 Ni 10.00-14.00
 (316L), SA-312 (316L), SA-403 P 0.045 max
(316L), SA-479 (316L), SA-688 S 0.030 max
(316L) Si 1.00 max
ASTM A182 (316L), A213
(TP316L), A240 (316L), A249
(316L), A269 (316L), A270
(TP316L), A276 (316L), A312
(316L), A314 (316L), A336
(F316L), A358 (316L), A403
(316L), A409 (316L), A479
(316L), A511 (316L), A688
(316L), A774 (TP316L), A778
(TP316L), A793 (316L), A813
(TP316L), A814 (TP316L), A965
(F316L), A988, F593 (316L),
F594 (316L), F738 (316L), F836
(316L), F837 (316L), F879
(316L)
SAE J405 (316L)
317 UNS S31700 AISI 317 C 0.08 max 75 30 35
AMS AMS-QQ-S-763 Cr 18.00-20.00
ASME SA-240 (317), SA-249 Mn 2.00 max
(317), SA-312 (317), SA-409 Mo 2.00-3.00
(317) Ni 11.00-15.00
ASTM A182 (317), A213 P 0.045 max
(TP317), A240 (317), A249 S 0.030 max
(317), A269 (317), A276 (317), Si 1.00 max
A312 (317), A314 (317), A403
(317), A409 (317), A473 (317),
A478 (317), A479 (317), A511
(317), A554 (317), A580 (317),
A632 (317), A813 (TP317),
A814 (TP317), A943 (TP317),
A988, F899 (317)
SAE J405 (317)
317L UNS S31703 AISI 317L C 0.030 max 75 30 35
ASME SA-240 (317L) Cr 18.00-20.00
ASTM A182 (317L), A213 Mn 2.00 max
(TP317L), A240 (317L), A249 Mo 3.00-4.00
(TP317L), A312 TP(317L), A403 Ni 11.00-15.00
(317L), A774 (TP317L), A778 P 0.045 max
(TP317L), A813 (TP317L), A814 S 0.030 max
(TP317L), A903 (317L), A943 Si 1.00 max
(TP317L), A988
SAE J405 (317L)
321 UNS S32100 AISI 321 C 0.08 max 75 30 40
AMS 5510, 5557, 5559, 5570, Cr 17.00-19.00
5576, 5645, 5689, 5896, 7490, Mn 2.00 max
AS7325, AMS-QQ-S-763 Ni 9.00-12.00
ASME SA-182 (321), SA-193 P 0.045 max
(321), SA-194 (321), SA-213 S 0.030 max
(321), SA-240 (321), SA-249 Si 1.00 max
(321), SA-312 (321), SA-320 Ti 5XC min
(321), SA-358 (321), SA-376
(321), SA-403 (321), SA-409
(321), SA-479 (321)
ASTM A182 (321), A193 (321,
B8T, B8TA), A194 (321, 8T,
8TA), A213 (TP321), A240
(321), A249 (321), A269 (321),
A276 (321), A312 (321), A313
(321), A314 (321), A320 (321,
B8T, B8TA), A336 (F321), A358
(321), A376 (TP321), A403
 (321), A509 (321), A430 (321),
A473 (321), A493 (TP321),
A511 (321), A554 (321), A580
(321), A632 (321), A774
(TP321), A778 (TP321), A813
(TP321), A814 (TP321), A943
(TP321), A965 (F321), F593
(321), F594 (321), F738 (321),
F836 (321)
MIL SPEC MIL-T-16282 (TP321)
SAE J405 (321), J412 (30321),
J467 (321)
321H UNS S32109 ASME SA-182 (321H), SA-213 C 0.04-0.10 75 30 35
(321H), SA-240 (321H), SA-249 Cr 17.00-20.00
(321H), SA-312 (321H), SA-376 Mn 2.00 max
(321H), SA-403 (321H), SA-479 Ni 9.00-12.00
(321H) P 0.040 max
ASTM A182 (321H), A213 S 0.030 max
(TP321H), A240 (321H), A249 Si 1.00 max
(321H), A312 (321H), A336 Ti 4\mtC-0.60
(F321H), A376 (TP321H), A403
(321H), A479 (321H), A813
(TP321H), A814 (TP321H), A943
(TP321H), A965 (F321H)
SAE J405
347 UNS S34700 AISI 347 C 0.08 max 75 30 35
AMS 5512, 5556, 5558, 5571, Cb 10XC min
5575, 5646, 5654, 5674, 5790, Cr 17.00-19.00
5897, 7490, AS7229, AMS-QQ- Mn 2.00 max
S-763 Ni 9.00-13.00
ASME SA-182 (347), SA-193 P 0.045 max
(347), SA-194 (347), SA-213 S 0.030 max
(347), SA-240 (347), SA-249 Si 1.00 max
(347), SA-312 (347),SA-320
(347), SA-358 (347), SA-376
(347), SA-403 (347), SA-409
(347), SA-479 (347)
ASTM A182 (347), A193(347,
B8CA), A194 (347, 8C, 8CA)
A213 (TP347), A240 (347),
A249 (347), A269 (347), A276
(347), A312 (347), A313 (347),
A314 (347), A320 (347, B8C,
B8CA), A336 (F347), A358
(347), A376 (347), A376
(TP347), A403 (347), A409
(347), A430 (347), A473 (347),
A479 (347), A511 (347), A554
(347), A580 (347), A632 (347),
A774 (P347), A778 (TP347),
A813 (TP347), A814 (TP347),
A943 (TP347), A965 (F347),
F593 (347), F594 (347), F738
(347), F836 (347)
MIL SPEC MIL-T-16286 (TP347)
SAE J405 (347), J412 (30347),
J467( 9347)
347H UNS S34709 ASME SA-182 (347H), SA-213 C 0.04-0.10 75 30 35
(347H), SA-240 (347H), SA-249 Cb 8\mtC-1.00
(347H), SA-312 (347H), SA-376 Cr 17.00-20.00
(347H), SA-403 (347H), SA-409 Mn 2.00 max
(347H), SA-479 (347H) Ni 9.00-13.00
ASTM A182 (347H), A213 P 0.040 max
(TP347H), A240 (347H), A249 S 0.030 max
(347H), A271 (347H), A312 Si 1.00 max
(347H), A336 (F347H),, A376
(347), A376 (TP347), A403
(347H), A403 (347H), A403
(348H), A430 (347H), A479
(347H), A813 (TP347H), A814
(TP347), A943 (TP347H), A965
(F347H)
SAE J405 (347H)
Duplex Stainless Steel

UNS S31803 - UNS S32205

Duplex Plate/Sheet
Duplex Seamless & Welded Tube
Duplex Seamless & Welded Pipe
Duplex Round Bar
Duplex Flanges F51
Duplex Specialty Forgings
Duplex Seamless & Welded BW Fittings

Trade UNS 6Moly Industry Chemical Composition Min.Tensile Min.Yield Elongation

Name Specifications (KSI) (KSI) %
SAF UNS S31803 ASME SA-182 (F51), C 0.30 max 90 65 25
2205 SA-240, SA-798, SA- Cr 21.0-23.0
790, SA-815 Mn 2.00 max
ASTM A240, A276, Mo 2.50-3.50
A479, A789, A790, N 0.08-0.20
A815, A923, A928, Ni 4.50-6.50
A988 P 0.030 max
SAE J405 S 0.020 max
Si 1.00 max
SAF UNS S32205 ASTM A240, A240M, C 0.30 max 90 65 25
2205 A276, A479, A480, Cr 22.0-23.0
A480M, A798, A7901, Mn 2.00 max
A815, A923, A928, Mo 3.00-3.50
A988 N 0.14-0.20
SAE J40 Ni 4.50-6.50
P 0.030 max
S 0.020 max
Si 1.00 max

General Duplex stainless steel information

2205 is the most widely used duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steel grade. It finds applications due to
both excellent corrosion resistance and high strength. The standard duplex S31803 composition has over
the years been refined by many steel suppliers, and the resulting restricted composition range was
endorsed as UNS S32205 in 1996. Duplex S32205 gives better guaranteed corrosion resistance, but for
much of the Duplex S31803 currently produced also complies with Duplex S32205. 2205 is not generally
suitable for use at temperatures above 300ºC as it suffers from precipitation of brittle micro-constituents,
nor below -50ºC because of its ductile-to-brittle-transition.

Duplex Applications

Chemical processing, transport and storage,

Oil and Gas exploration and processing equipment,
Marine and other high chloride environments,
Pulp and paper digesters, liquor tanks and paper machines.

Duplex Corrosion Resistance

Excellent general corrosion resistance; superior to Grade 316 in most environments. Excellent resistance
to localized corrosion including intergranular, pitting and crevice corrosion; the CPT of 2205 is generally
at least 35ºC. The grade is also resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC) at temperatures of
up to about 150ºC. Grade 2205 will often perform well in environments which cause premature failure of
austenitic grades. It has better resistance to sea water then Grade 316.
Duplex Heat Resistance

Although 2205 has good high temperature oxidation resistance, this grade - like other duplex stainless
steels - suffers from embrittlement if held for even short times at temperatures above 300ºC. If
embrittled, this can only be rectified by a full solution annealing treatment. Duplex stainless steels are
almost never used above 300ºC.

Duplex Heat Treatment

Solution treatment (annealing) - heat to 1020ºC-1100ºC and cool rapidly. This grade cannot be
hardened by thermal treatment, but does work harden.

Source: Atlas Steels Australia

Super Duplex Stainless Steel

UNS S32750 & UNS S32760

Super Duplex Plate/Sheet

Super Duplex Seamless & Welded Tube
Super Duplex Seamless & Welded Pipe
Super Duplex Round Bar
Super Duplex Flanges F53/F55
Super Duplex Specialty Forgings
Super Duplex Seamless & Welded BW Fittings

Trade UNS Super Duplex Chemical Composition Min.Tensile Min.Yield Elongation

Name Industry (KSI) (KSI) 2" %
Specifications
SAF UNS S32750 ASTM A182 F53, C 0.030 max 116 80 15
2507 A240, A479, Cr 24.0-26.0
A789, A790, Mn 1.20 max
A815, A928, Mo 3.0-5.0
A949, A988 N 0.24-0.32
SAE J405 Ni 6.0-8.0
P 0.035 max
S 0.020 max
Si 0.8 max
UNS S32760 ASTM A182 F55, C 0.03 max 109 80 15
A240, A276, Cr 24.0-26.0
A314, A473, Cu 0.5-1.0
A479, A789, Mn 1.0 max
A790, A815, Mo 3.0-4.0
A988 N 0.2-0.3
SAE J405 Ni 6.0-8.0
P 0.03 max
S 0.01 max
Si 1.0 max
W 0.5-1.0
Other %Cr+3.3x%Mo+16x%N
= 40 min

This is a Duplex alloy stainless steel designed to feature high strength, resistance to pitting, stress
corrosion cracking, erosion corrosion and corrosion fatigue, crevice corrosion and strong weldability.

Super Duplex Applications

Oil and gas industry equipment,

Offshore platforms, heat exchangers, process and service water systems, fire-fighting systems, injection
and ballast water systems,
Chemical process industries, heat exchangers, vessels, and piping,
Desalination plants, high pressure RO-plants and seawater piping,
Mechanical and structural components, high strength, corrosion-resistant parts,
Power industry FGD systems, utility and industrial scrubber systems, absorber towers, ducting, and
piping.

Super Duplex Corrosion Resistance

The high chromium and molybdenum content of Super Duplex makes it extremely resistant to uniform
corrosion by organic acids like formic and acetic acid. Super Duplex also provides excellent resistance to
inorganic acids, especially those containing chlorides.
6 Moly - 6% Molybdenum Stainless Steels

UNS S31254 - UNS N08925 - UNS N08926

6 Moly Plate/Sheet
6 Moly Seamless & Welded Tube
6 Moly Seamless & Welded Pipe
6 Moly Round Bar
6 Moly Flanges F44
6 Moly Specialty Forgings

Trade UNS 6Moly Industry Chemical Min.Tensile Min.Yield Elongation

Name Specifications Composition (KSI) (KSI) %
254 UNS S31254 ASME SA-182, SA-240, SA- C 0.020 max 94 44 35
SMO 249, SA-312, SA-358, SA-409, Cr 19.50-20.5
SA-479, SA-480 Cu 0.50-1.00
ASTM A182 (F44), A193, Mn 1.00 max
A240, A249, A269, A270, Mo 6.00-6.50
A276, A312, A358, A403, N 0.18-0.220
A409, A473, A479, A480, Ni 17.50-18.50
A813, A814, A988 P 0.030 max
SAE J405 S 0.010 max
Si 0.80 max
N/A UNS ASME SB-625, SB-649, SB- C 0.020 max 94 43 35
N08925 673, SB-674 Cr 19.0-21.0
ASTM B366, B625, B649, Cu 0.80-1.50
B673, B674, B677 Fe rem
Mn 1.00 max
Mo 6.00-7.00
N 0.10-0.20
Ni 24.0-26.0
P 0.045 max
S 0.030 max
Si 0.50 max
Alloy UNS ASME SB-366, SB-625, SB- C 0.020 max 94 43 35
25- N08926 649, SB-673, SB-674, SB-677 Cr 19.0-21.0
6MO/ ASTM A240, A249, A269, Cu 0.50-1.5
Alloy A270, A314, A358, A480, Fe rem
926 A688, A959, B366, B472, Mn 2.00 max
B625, B649, B673, B674, Mo 6.00-7.00
B677, B804 N 0.15-0.25
SAE J405 Ni 24.0-26.0
P 0.030 max
S 0.010 max
Si 0.50 max

Moldydenum General Information

Molybdenum is a lustrous, silvery colored metal which has an abundance of 1.5 ppm in the earth's crust.
In many instances, it shows a resemblance to tungsten with which it tends to be paired in the transition
series in the periodic table, but their chemistries tend to show more distinct differences than might be
expected.

Molybdenum has a high melting point and applications for the pure metal take advantage of this; for
example, the pure material is used as resistance heating elements in furnaces, as filament supports in
electric lamps, and as electrodes for mercury vapor lamps. Molybdenum is used as an alloying agent in
certain grades of steel, Permalloys and Stellites (a series of alloys which contain varying proportions of
Cr, Co, W and Mo, are very hard and are used in cutting tools and to protect surfaces subject to heavy
wear).
Molybdenum Key Properties

Low co-efficient of thermal expansion (5.1x10-6 m/m/°C) which is about half that of most steels,
Good thermal conductivity,
Good electrical conductivity,
Good stiffness, greater than that of steel (Young’s Modulus 317MPa),
High melting point (2615°C),
Good hot strength,
Good strength and ductility at room temperature,
High density (10.2 g/cm3)

Molybdenum's ability to withstand high temperatures and maintain strength under these conditions are
responsible for the fact that molybdenum finds most of its application at elevated temperatures. In fact,
it can work at temperatures above 1100°C (in non-oxidizing conditions), which is higher than steels and
nickel-based superalloys.

When exposed to temperatures in excess of 760°C in air rapid oxidation can result. Under these
conditions, the oxide layer sublimes and the base metal is attacked. Thus, molybdenum performs best in
inert of vacuum environments.

Molybdenum Applications

Seawater Handling Equipment

Pulp Mill Bleach Systems
Tall Oil Distillation Columns and Equipment
Chemical Processing Equipment
Food Processing Equipment
Desalination Equipment
Flue Gas Desulfurization Scrubbers
Oil and Gas Production Equipment
Titanium

Grade 1 - UNS R50250

Grade 2 - UNS R50400
Grade 5 - UNS R56400
Grade 7 - UNS R52400
Grade 9 - UNS R56320
Grade 12 - UNS R53400

Titanium Seamless Tubing

Titanium Seamless Pipe
Titanium Round Bar
Titanium Plate/Sheet
Titanium Seamless & Welded Butt-weld Fittings
Titanium Specialty Forgings

Trade UNS Titanium Chemical Min.Tensil Min.Yiel Hardnes Modulus Poisson'

Name Industry Compositio e d s of s Ratio
Specification n (KSI) (KSI) Elasticit
s y
Grade 1 UNS AMS AMS-T- C 0.10 max 35 25 14.9 103 GPa 0.34-0.40
R50250 81915 Fe 0.20 max
ASTM F67(1), H 0.015 max
B265(1), N 0.03 max
B338(1), O 0.18 max
B348(1), Ti Remaining
B381(F-1),
B861(1),
B862(1),
B863(1),
F467(1),
F468(1),
F1341
MIL SPEC
MIL-T-81556
Grade 2 UNS AMS 4902, C 0.10 max 50 40 14.9 103 GPa 0.34-0.10
R50400 4941, 4942, Fe 0.30 max
AMS-T-9046 H 0.015 max
ASTM F67(2), N 0.03 max
B265(2), O 0.25 max
B337(2), Ti Remaining
B338(2),
B348(2),
B367(C-2),
B381(F-2),
B861(2),
B862(2),
B863(2),
F467(2),
F468(2),
F1341
MIL
SPECMIL-T-
81556
SAE
J467(A40)
Grade 5 UNS AMS 4905, AI 5.5-6.75 130 120 16.4 114 GPa 0.30-0.33
R56400 4911, 4920, max
4928, 4930, C 0.10 max
4931, 4932, Fe 0.40 max
 4934, 4935, H 0.015 max
4954, 4963, N 0.05 max
4965, 4967, O 0.20 max
4993, AMS-T- Ti Remaining
9046, AMS-T- V 3.5-4.5
81915,AS7460
, AS7461
ASTM
B265(5),
B348(5),
B367(C-5),
B381(F-5),
B861(5),
B862(5),
B863(5),
F1472
AWS A5.16
(ERTi-5)
MIL SPEC
MIL-T-81556
Grade 7 UNS ASTM C 0.10 max 50 40 14.9 103GPa -
R52400 B265(7), Fe 0.30 max
B338(7), H 0.015 max
B348(F-7), N 0.03 max
B861(7), O 0.25 max
B862(7), Ti Remaining
B863(7), Other Pd
F467(7), 0.12-0.25
F468(7)
Grade 9 UNS AMS 4943, AI 2.5-3.5 90 70 13.1 107GPa 0.34
R56320 4944, 4945, C 0.05 max
AMS-T-9046 Fe 0.25 max
ASME H 0.013 max
SFA5.16(ERTi- N 0.02 max
9) O 0.12 max
ASTM Ti Remaining
B265(9), V 2.0-0-3.0
B338(9),
B348(9),
B381(9),
B861(9),
B862(9),
B863(9)
AWS
A5.16(ERTi-9)
Grade UNS ASTM C 0.08 max 70 50 14.9 103GPa -
12 R53400 B265(12), Fe 0.30 max
B338(12), H 0.015 max
B348(12), Mo 0.2-0.4
B381(F-12), N 0.03 max
B861(12), Ni 0.6-0.9
B862(12), O 0.25 max
B863(12) Ti Remaining

Most of the titanium grades are of alloyed type with various additions of for example aluminum,
vanadium, nickel, ruthenium, molybdenum, chromium or zirconium for the purpose of improving and/or
combining various mechanical characteristics, heat resistance, conductivity, microstructure, creep,
ductility, corrosion resistance, etc.

Titanium Benefits

High strength,
High resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion resistance,
High resistance to stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue and erosion,
Cold bending for complex piping bends without fittings or flanges,
High strength to weight ratio.
Weight saving possibilities,
Low modulus, high fracture toughness and fatigue resistance,
Suitability for coiling and laying on seabed,
Ability to withstand hot/dry and cold/wet acid gas loading,
Excellent resistance to corrosive and erosive action of high-temperature acid steam and brine,
Good workability and weldability.

Titanium Chemical Composition

Palladium (Pd) and Ruthenium (Ru), Nickel (Ni) and Molybdenum (Mo) are elements which can be added
to the pure titanium types in order to obtain a significant improvement of corrosion resistance
particularly in slightly reducing environments where titanium otherwise might face some problems due
to insufficient conditions for formation of the necessary protective oxide film on the metal surface. The
formation of a stable and substantially inert protective oxide film on the surface is otherwise the secret
behind the extraordinary corrosion resistance of titanium.

The mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium are in fact controlled by "alloying" to various
levels of oxygen and nitrogen to obtain strength level varying between approximately 290 and 550 MPa.
For higher strength levels alloying elements, e.g. Al and V have to be added. Ti 3AL 2.5V has a tensile
strength of minimum 620 MPa in annealed condition and minimum 860 MPa in the as cold worked and
stress relieved condition. The CP-titanium grades are nominally all alpha in structure, whereas many of
the titanium alloys have a two phase alpha + beta structure. There are also titanium alloys with high
alloying additions having an entire beta phase structure. While alpha alloys cannot be heat treated to
increase strength, the addition of 2.5% copper would result in a material which responds to solution
treatment and ageing in a similar way to aluminum-copper.

Titanium Density

Titanium is more then 46% lighter than steel. For comparative analysis, aluminum is approximately 0.12
lbs/cu.in, Steel is approximately 0.29 lbs/cu.in, and Titanium is approximately 0.16 lbs/cu.in.

Titanium Corrosion Resistance

Titanium's outstanding corrosion resistance is due to the formation of a tightly adherent oxide film on its
surface. When damaged, this thin invisible layer immediately reforms, maintaining a surface which is
completely resistant to corrosive attack in sea water and all natural environments. This oxide is so
resistant to corrosion that titanium components often look brand new even after years of service.
Nickel Alloys
Trade UNS Nickel Alloy Industry Specifications 6Moly Chemical
Name Composition
Nickel UNS N02200 ASME SB-160, SB-161, SB-162, SB-163 C 0.15 max
200 ASTM B160, B161, B162, B163, B366, B564, B725, Cu 0.25 max
B730 Fe 0.40 max
AWS C2.25 (W-Ni-2) Mn 0.35 max
Ni 99.0 min
S 0.010 max
Si 0.35 max
Nickel UNS N02201 ASTM B160, B161, B162, B163, B366, B725, B730 C 0.02 max
201 Cu 0.25 max
Fe 0.40 max
Mn 0.35 max
Ni 99.0 min
S 0.010 max
Si 0.35 max
Alloy 400 UNS N04400 AMS 4544, 4574, 4575, 4730, 4731, AS7233 C 0.3 max
ASME SB-127, SB-163, SB-164, SB-165, SB-564 Cu rem
ASTM B127, B163, B164, B165, B366, B564, B725, Fe 2.50 max
B730, F96, F467 (400), F468 (400) Mn 2.00 max
FED QQ-N-281 Ni 63.00-70.00
MIL SPEC MIL-N-24106, MIL-T-1368, MIL-V-17547 S 0.024 max
Other NACE MR-01-75 Si 0.50 max
Alloy 600 UNS N06600 AMS 5540, 5580, 5665, 5687, 5961, AS7232 C 0.3 max
ASME SB-163, SB-166, SB-167, SB-168, SB-564 Cu rem
ASTM B127, B163, B164, B165, B366, B564, B725, Fe 2.50 max
B730, F96, F467 (400), F468 (400) Mn 2.00 max
FED QQ-N-281 Ni 63.00-70.00
MIL SPEC MIL-N-24106, MIL-T-1368, MIL-V-17547 S 0.024 max
Other NACE MR-01-75 Si 0.50 max