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fS : 7365 - I985
Indian Stundard
CRITERIA FOR HYDRAULIC DESIGN
OF BUCKET TYPE ENERGY DISSIPATORS
( First Revision )
Chairman Representing
SHE1 J. F. MISERY Irrigation Department, Government of Gujarat,
Gandhinagar
Members
DR A. S. CHAWLA University of Roorkee ( WRDTC ), Roorkee
CHIIF ENGIINEEB (DAM DESIGNS) Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar
Pradesh, Lucknow
Snn~ LA~MI NAI~AIN ( Alternate )
CHIEF ENQINEIH, CD0 Irrigation Department, Government of Andhra
Pradesh, Hyderabad
SUP~RINT~~UIN~ Exarxrsxn
( DAMS ) ( Alternate )
CEIE~ EN~INI~EI~ & DIRECTOR Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute,
Nasik
SHBI K. A. GRAMPUR~IIIT ( Alternate )
CHIEF ENGINEER ( PWD ) Irrigation Department, Government of Karna-
taka, Mysore
SUPERINTENDING ENQINBER
( DESIQNB ) ( Alternate )
CHIEF EN~INEER/R-CUM-DII~ECTOR Irrigation & Power Research Institute, Amritsar
CHIEF ENGINEER, TIIEIN DAM Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab,
DESIGN Chandigarh
DIRECTOR ( SPILLWAYS &
POWER %ANT ) ( Ah7,2Qt8 )
CHIEF ENOINEER & DIRECTOR, Irrigation Departmem, Government of Tamil
INSTITUTE OB HYDRAULICS & Nadu, Madras
HYDROLOGY, POONDI
DEPUTP DIRECTOR
( HYDRAULICS ) ( Alternatc )
( Continued on page 2 )
0 CoPyright 1987
INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION “2
This pnblicati~?%. protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
oubliher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS : 7365- 1985
Members Representing
SHRI M. L. DAS Irrigation & Power Department, Government of
Orissa, Bhubaneshwar
SI~RI B. DASS Irrigation & Waterways Directorate, Government
of West Bengal, Calcutta
D~REGTOR Central Water and Power Research Station,
Pune
SHRX R. M. KEATSURIA ( Alternate )
DIRECTOR ( CMDD-I ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi
KUXABI E. DIVATIA National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd,
New Delhi
DR K. K. FRAMJI Consulting Engineering Services ( India ) Pvt
Ltd, New Delhi
PROF HARI KRISENA ( Alternate )
DR JAUDISH NARAIN Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta
SHRI S. P. JAIN Bhakra Beas Management Board, Nangal
Township
SHRI J, C. BASUR ( Alternate )
SHRI D. G. KADKADE Jaiprakash Associates Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI A. B. ODAE ( Alternate )
SH~I~H. K. KROSLA Irrigation Department, Government of Haryana,
Chandigarh
SHRI M. L. GUPTA ( Alternate )
SlIRI M. U. PUROHIT Irrigation Department, Government of Gujarat,
Gandhinagar
SHRI N. B. DESAI (Alternate )
SHRI M.S. RAMX RAO Karnataka Power Corporation Ltd, Bangalore
SHRI D. M. SAVC-R Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay
SJIRI M. V. S. IYENGAR (Alternate )
SUPEILINTENDING EEGINEER ( MD ) Irrigation Department, Government of Maha-
rashtra, Bombay
Srrnr V. N. PENDSE ( Alternate I )
KUMARI PRATIXA NAIDU ( Alternate II )
SHRI C. D. THATTE Gujarat Engineering Research Institute,
Vadodara
SHRI B. K. RAO ( Alternate )
DR R. S. VARSBN~Y Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar
Pradesh, Lucknow
SHRI G. RAXA~, Director General, ISI ( Ex-ojicio Member )
Director ( Civ Engg )
Secretary
SHRI K. K. SHARMA
Joint Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1
2
IS:7365 - 1985
Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR HYDRAULIC DESIGN
OF BUCKET TY-PE ENERGY DISSIPATORS
( First Revision )
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 31 December 1985, after the draft finalized by $_lae
Spillways Including Energy Dissipators Sectional Committee had been
approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 This Indian Standard was first published in 1974. Since then more
energy dissipators at the toe of spillway have been designed and more
experience has been gained and hence to reflect the latest practice the
standard has been revised.
3
IS:7365 -1985
0.5.1 The following two types of roller buckets are adopted on the basis
of tailwater conditions and importance of the structure:
a) Solid roller bucket, and
b) Slotted roller bucket.
0.6 In preparing this standard, due weightage has been given to Indian
and foreign practices in this field.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard lays down criteria for hydraulic design of bucket type
energy dissipators.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard the following ~definitions shall apply.
2.1 Solid Roller Bucket - An upturn solid bucket ( see Fig. 1A ) used
when the tailwater depth is much in excess of sequent depth and in which
dissipation of considerable portion of energy occurs as a result of forma-
tion of two complementary elliptical rollers, one in bucket proper, called
the surface roller, which is anticlockwise ( if the flow is to the right ) and
the other downstream of the bucket, called the ground roller, which is
clockwise.
4
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3. SYMBOLS
a CC= vertical distance from the lip level to the highest point of the
centre of jet in m;
d, critical depth in m;
=
5
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FD = discharge parameter
:7365 - 1985
r--SURFACE ROLLER
=-CHANNEL BED
SOL10 ROLLER BUCKET
POOL
POOL
TRAJECTORY ‘BUCKET
FIG. 1 SKETCHESFOR BUCKET TYPE ENERGY DISSIPATORS
4.1 General
4.1.1 Tyfle - The following types of roller bucket are commonly
adopted:
a) Solid roller bucket, and
b) Slotted roller bucket.
7
IS : 7365- 1985
4.1.1.1 In the case of solid roller bucket the ground roller is more
pronounced and picks up material from downstream bend and carried it
towards the bucket where it is partly deposited and partly carried away
downstream by the residual jet from the lip. The deposition in roller buc-
ket is more likely when the spillway spans are not operated equally, setting
up horizontal eddies downstream of the bucket. The picked up material
which is drawn into the bucket can cause abrasive damage to the bucket by
churning action.
4.1.1.2 In the case of slotted roller bucket a part of the flow passes
through the slots, spreads laterally and is lifted away from the channel
bottom by a short apron at the downstream end of the bucket. Thus the
flow is dispersed and distributed over a greater area resulting in a less
violent ground roller. The height of boil is also reduced in case of slotted
roller bucket. The slotted bucket -provides a self-cleaning action to reduce
abrasion in the bucket.
4.1.2 Drawal of Bed Materials - A major problem with the solid roller
bucket would be the damage due to churning action, caused to the bucket
because of the downstream bed material brought into the bucket by the
pronounced ground roller, Even in a slotted roller bucket downstream
material might get drawn due to unequal operation of gates. The channel
bed immediately downstream of the bucket shall be set at 1 to 1.5 m below
the lip level to minimize the possibility of this condition. Where the invert
of the bucket is required to be set below the channel general bed level
the channel should be dressed down in one level to about 1 to 1.5 m below
the lip level in about 15 m length downstream and then a recovery slope
of about 3 ( horizontal ) to 1 ( vertical ) should be given to meet the gene-
ral bed level as shown in Fig. 2. Careful model studies should be done to
check this tendency. If possible, even provision of solid apron or cement
concrete blocks may be considered tq avoid trapping of river bed material
in the bucket as it may cause heavy erosion on the spillway face, bucket
and side training wall.
8
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4.13 In the case where the bucket invert is substantially higher than
the general channel bed level and the channel bed is erodible, the cascad-
ing flow over the lip for small discharges may cause deep scour very close
to the bucket lip. A concrete apron of about 15 m width minimum or more
if required and parallel to the end sill may be provided downstream as
shown in Fig. 3 to minimize the possible scour in the bed near the bucket
lip. The apron should be keyed into good rock.
%z;
FIG. 2 RECOVERY SLOPE DOWNSTREAM OF SOLID ROLLER BUCKET
!1
.I
9
IS: 7365 - 1985
be conducted for such cases. The divide walls shall be designed for
unequal operation condition of the spillway spans and also for differential
pressure due to adjoining gates closed on one side and all gates open on
the other side.
10
As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank
Its : 7365- 1985
VALUES OF DISCHARGE
hs/Hl LF~REE
JET
BUCKET lNVERT
ELEVATION
Range of variables:
Spillway slope ( S: 1 ) 1 : 1 to 1’67 : 1
Lip angle ( $ ) 45” [The curves may also be used
for other lip angles ( SM 4.2.2.3 ) ]
Hal& 0’68 to 0’93
FIG. 5 DESIGN OF SOLID ROLLER BUCKET- SURGEHEIGHT
13
IS :7365 - 1985
--- 4
x 103
4 g H13’=
has been related to Froude number of the incoming jet as follows:
4.2.2.2 Radius of bucket - The values given inFig. 4 show the ranges
of HI/R for which good roller action can be expected. The maximum values
of HI/R recommended in Fig. 4 indicate commencement of a pulsating
surge downstream of the bucket or commencement of a sloping channel
type jump apparently uninfluenced by the presence of the bucket. The
mir;imum values of HI/R may indicate commencement of eddies in the buc-
ket region and also results in increase of bucket cost. The bucket, therefore,
should not be too deep to set up vortices within the bucket nor too shallow
to allow eddies being formed at the junction of the overflow with the up-
stream end of the bucket circle. The decrease in radius within the range
of good roller action increases scour; the rate of increase, however, dimini- ,
shes with higher value of Froude number. The bucket radius should be
chosen to fall within the~recommended ranges consistent with economical
and structural considerations. There are different formulae for calculating
the radius of the bucket. One such formula which has been found to be
widely applicable is given below. When the bucket lip angle is 45”, this
formula may be used for calculating the bucket radius:
R
- = 8.26 x 10-3 + 2.07 x lO-3F, + 1.4 x lo-5F9
HI
where FD = discharge parameter
=
2/ +&,,I ’ lo9
14
IS : 7365 - 1985
vt + 6.4 H + 4.88
where p =
3.6 H + 19.5
min.
15
-
.z.
2
0,
ul
I
5;
8
ET
--- INVERT ELEVATION
EITHER SIDE
DETAILS AT A DETAILS AT 8
6B Lip Elevation
FIG. 6 BUCKET LIP
fS : 7365 - $985
b) Lip angle - A -45” bucket lip angle with the horizontal will be
generally satisfactory for most cases where the discharge para-
meter lies between 30 and 80. But in other cases a smaller lip
angle up to 35’ would be economical and needs less depth of
tailwater for roller action to begin but may be adopted if found
satisfactory as a result of model tests.
c) Lip height - The height of the lip from the invert level depends
on the radius of the bucket and the lip angle. Thelip level should
be kept slightly higher than the bed level downstream so as to
avoid entry of bed material in the bucket. If possible, the height of
the bucket lip above the invert level may be kept approximately
equal to one-sixth of the maximum tailwater depth. Reference
to 4.1.2 should be made in this connection.
4.2.3 Model Studies - The design criteria given in 4.2.2.1 to 4.2.2.3 will
evolve a more or less satisfactory design of solid roller bucket. However,
confirmatory model tests are desirable when any one of the following con-
ditions exists:
a) sustained operation near limiting conditions is expected,
b) discharge per metre width of bucket exceeds 45 ms/s,
c) velocities entering the bucket exceed 20 m/s,
d) eddies appear to be possible downstream of spillway, and
e) waves in the downstream channel would cause problems like
unstable flow and flow disturbances.
4.3.1 General - In the slotted roller bucket, a part of the flow passes
through the slots, spreads laterally and is lifted away from the channel
bottom by a short apron at the downstream end of the bucket. Thus the
flow is dispersed and distributed over a greater area providing less violent
17
IS t 7365 - 1985
find K!:T from which minimum tailwater depth, Tmln may be computed.
18
ISI 7365 - 1985
performance set such bucket invert elevation for which tailwater depth is
nearer Imln. Check setting and determine factor of safety against sweep
out by computing tailwater sweep out depth, T,, from Fig. II. Check the
setting for the entire range of discharge.
7f-l IN m,
RESERYOIR
9Or POOL ELEVATION
,f
\
\ -_
80 .
q-
f
1 o- _
6o-
E 5IO -
2
m
=4 O-
IO -
ro-
IO -
o_
0.1 I 0.6 0.8
1
1.0
Curves for determination of velocity entering bucket for steep slopes 0’8 : 1 to 0’6 : 1
19
IS : 7365 - 1985
R
MINiMUM ALLOWABLF -- 2
d., t L*_.aj’2g
4.3.2.3 Bucket lip angle - Fix the bucket lip angle in accordance
with 4.2.2.3 which is also applicable in the case of slotted roller bucket.
4.3.2.4 Bucket and tooth dimensions, teeth sjacing and dimensions and jwo-
jile of short apron - Use Fig. 12A and 12B to obtain tooth size, spacing,
bucket dimensions and dimensions and profile of short apron. Occur-
rence of negative pressures on bucket teeth should be checked on model
and possible cavitation damage should be kept in view. If necessary
the clear spacing between the teeth can be reduced consistant with
minimum working space considerations to reduce subatmospheric pres-
sures on the teeth.
20
-
IS:7365 - 1985
I I
6
R
NOTE 1 - For channel bed elevation 0.05 R below apron lip or lower, use
coordinates for bed approx 0.05 R below lip.
NOTE 2 - For channel bed elevation higher than 0.05 R below apron lip, use
coordinates for bed sloping up from apron.
FIG. 10 DESIGNOF SLOTTEDROLLERBUCKET - MAXIMUMTAIL WATEK LIMIT
22
IS :7365 - 1985
23
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25
I
b
L2-
ENLARGED TOOTH PLAN
\
\
\ 1
\ ____------~
p= (s+ l)ydl
27
where
P = bucket pressure in t/ma,
Y- = weight of water in t/ms,
ua = actual velocity of flow entering bucket in m/s,
g = acceleration due to gravity in m/s*,
R = radius of bucket in m, and
dl = depth of flow entering bucket in m.
5.2.2.2 Figure 14 presents maximum theoretical bucket pressures for
velocities of 10 to 45 m/s and radius/depth ratios of 4 to 10. Actual pressu-
res vary considerably over the bucket. However, the curves shown in Fig. 14
shall be used to estimate the hydraulic load per square metre of the bucket
surface. The design of training walls adjacent to the bucket should also
allow for these pressures. For actual variation of pressure along bucket
profile and along the retaining walls model studies are necessary.
PRESSURE p’ IN t/m’
29
IS: 7365- 1985
0
0.6 1.0 2.2 2.6 3.0
X
H,,
Another formulae to work out the probable scour is also given below
for guidance:
ds = 1.9 &0.225 go.54
31
concrete, flush with the original ground level. The provision of a concrete
apron of about 10 to 15 m length downstream may also be considered to
prevent the scour near the bucket lip where the condition of rock is such
that it is likely to be eroded.
RESERVOIR LEVEL
d,=0~65(qH,)05”LTI~~TE
SCOUR
4 = 0-36(qHb)0’5~,~~~~~ EXP
30
,”
a 20
t
t ds10 65(qH4)
z
GANDHI SAGA/
2 10
9
8
7 PANCHET HILL
6
5
L 0 OBSERVATION ON MODEL
A OBSERVATION PROTOTYPE
I I I,,,,,, I I ,I,
50 60 80 100 200 300 500 700 1000 2000 3000 5000
32
IS : 7365 - 1985
6;l With the provision of a solid or slotted roller bucket or trajectory buc-
ket at the toe of the spillway, the design of the end training walls and in-
termediate divide walls on the spillway in respect of their lengths, top
levels, foundation levels, etc, assume importance.
6.1.1 Where the model studies are not carried out the height length
and foundation of training wall in the case where a roller bucket has been
adopted may be worked out as follows.
6.1.1.1 Height of training wall - In the bucket portion the top of the
wall may be kept higher by 1.5 m above the maximum water level in the
bucket or as required according to the earth dam profile adjacent to it. The
height of the wall in the surge portion should rise at least to an elevation
h, + l-5 m, where h, is the maximum surge height. The surge height may
be worked out as shown in Appendix A. The distance of surge (Cc,) can
be obtained from Fig. 18. The wall can be given a trapezoidal shape for
economy as indicated in Fig. 17. The top of the wall beyond the surge
portion should be kept at least l-5 m above the maximum tailwater level
or higher, if required, according to the earth dam profile adjoining to the
wall depending upon the layout of the dam. The following empirical rela-
tionship has been found to be generally suitable in working out the free
board and may be adopted for preliminary designs ( later to be confirmed
by hydraulic model studies and detailed calculations ) 4F. B. ( in
metres ) = O-030 5 ( V, + D, ) where V, = actual velocity of flow enter-
ing the bucket in m/set, and Ds = subcritical depth of flow in bucket in-
cluding the boil height, etc, in metre.
6.1.1.2 Length of training wall - The length ofthe training wall may
generally be fixed as per the following criteria:
33
LlNlNG
FIG. 17 DEFINITION SKETCH FOR TOP PROFILE OF TRAINING WALL AND SCOUR AND SURGE DISTANCES
----
t:
..
-I
200 300 500 700 11 0 2000 3000 5000 7000 10000 20 000 g
q H3 - I
r
FIG. 18 TRAININGAND DIVIDE WALLS SCOUR DEPTH AKD DISTANCE AND SURGE DISTANCE z
u*
tS : 7365 - i985
36
IS: 7365 - 1985
where
ug T actual velocity of flow entrybucket in m/set, and
dl = depth of flow entering bucket.
The foundation of the training wall and/or lining below it may be
taken down to the scour level worked out as indicated in 5.2.6.
7. REGULATION
7.1 All the spans of a spillway having a roller bucket at the toe have to
be operated equally and simultaneously. In case of trajectory bucket this
condition is not necessary unless objectionable flow conditions and return
eddies are formed downstream of the bucket.
31
f$ : 7365 - 1985
APPENDIX A
( Clauses 4.2.2.1, 4.2.2.2 and 6.1 )
DESIGN OF SOLID ROLLER BUCKET -
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Given
Discharge per metre width of spillway (q) = 55.30 ms/s
Reservoir pool elevation = 1280.2 m
Tailwater elevation = 99.67 m
Spillway crest elevation = 116.74 m
Assume
Bucket invert elevation = 79.25 m
Compute,
H1 = Reservoir pool elevation minus bucket invert elevation
= 128.02 -- 79.25
= 48.77 m
H = Reservoir pool elevation - Crest elevation
= 128.02 - 116.74
in- 11.28 m
Hz = Reservoir pool elevation - Tailwater elevation
= 128.02 -- 99.67
= 28.35 m
ds = Tailwater elevation - Bucket invert elevation
= 99.67 -- 79.25
= 20.42 m
& 20.42
‘*’ -H; = 2_48.7 7-
= 0.42
Discharge parameter,
x 103
dc3.81 x ( 48.77 )3/‘i
38
t$ : 7365 - 1985
hb = O-315
read ----
HI
:. hb = 0.315 x H,
= 9.315 x 48.77
= 15.36 m
:. hb E
__ 15.36
ds -20x
- 0.752 2
Now, vt = J 2 gH,
= 4 2 x 9.81 x 28.35
= 23.58 m/s
From Fig. 7
forH= 11*28mandHs=28*35m
:. v, = 0.95 x vt
= 0.95 x 23.58
= 22.40 m/s
:. dl =- 4
Va
55.30
-z%0-
= 2.47 m
Now Fl = -$jT
22.40
=-
2/ 9.81 x 2.47
= 4.55
39
1s : 7365 - 1985
---_
d, = + ,/-i + 8 F12 - 1
I
_ 2;7 [ d~--+--8x-~------~2
(455) --I
= 14.70 m
20.42
. . . -=-
4
da 14-70
= 1.39
40
IS:7365 -1985
APPENDIX B
( Clause 4.2.4 )
SOLID ROLLER BUCKET PROTOTYPE DIMENSIONS
APPEdDI x c
( Clause 4 3.2 5)
DESIGN OF SLOTTED ROLLER BUCKET - SAMPLE
COMPUTATION
Given
Total discharge, Q = 1 815 ms/s
Width of bucket, = 4167 m
Maximum reservoir pool level - el 464.5 m
Crest level of spillway - el 454.9 m
Maximum tailwater level = el 446.0 m
H = Maximum depth of overflow over the spillway
= 464.5 - 454.9
= 9.6 m
Hs = Maximum reservoir pool level maximum tailwater level
= 464.5 - 446.0
= 18.5 m
Ut = +f 2 g x H, = 4 2 x 9.81 x 18.5 == 19.05 m/s
From Fig. 7 for
H= 9.6 m and Hs = 18.5 m
;- -_ 998
d,+-=$$= 2.33 m
18.67
F1 = -$k= = 3.91
2/ 9.81 x 2.33
vet&
- = 2.33 + 17.77 = 20~10 m
2.f
Enter Fig. 8 with F, to find minimum allowable bucket radius
Ii
For F1 = 3.91, dl + %a2 rr: 0.53
2g
42
fS : 7365 - 1963
R = 0.53 dl +Ufa
?c >
= 0.53 x 20.10
= 10.65 m
R used = 10.67 m
R used
= 0.53
dl +A
2.C
R
Enter Fig. ~9 with = 0.53 and
dl+*
?z
43
APPENDIX D
( Clause 4.3.4 )
44
IS : 7365 - 1985
APPENDIX E
( Clause 5.3 )
45
IS:2365 - 1985
46
TABLE 1 SOLID ROLLER BUCKETS ( PROTOTYPE STRUCTURES )
( Clause 4.2.2.2 )
SL STRUCTURE HEAD DIS- DIS- MOPEER- RANGEOF ACTUAL ASPER RIH, LIP
No. HI CHARGE CHARGE SON RADIUS R PRO- FORMULA ASPRO- ANQLE
(m) PERUNIT PARA- AND VIDED ,!%JCXJES- VIDED
LENGTH M&TER pAyi; TED IN
(4) FD = (m) IS
ma/s/m qx 10s OBHJR
-
d 8 H13@
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 03) (9) (10) (11)
i) Banas ( Gujarat ) 45.7 40’4 41’1 2 to6 8’662 to 22’86 21.95 10.06 0.48 35"
P ii) Yeldari 40.5 53.6 65’3 2 to6 6’77 to 20,77 21’34 10.36 0.526 35'
Q ( Maharashtra )
iii) Siddeswar 31’9 26’6 49.6 2 to6 5.33 to 16’00 15’14 7’01 0.475 40"
( Maharashtra )
iv) Kadana ( Gujarat ) 58’2 118 83’7 2 to 5 11’64 to 29’11 21.34 19’81 0.364 45"
v) Linganamakki 58 42.7 31’1 3 to 6 9’65 to 19’3 18’29 9.75 0'316 30"
( Karnataka )
vi) Panam ( Gujarat ) 55 76’ 1 58’8 2 to 6 9’2 to 27.58 12 12.19 0'218 45"
vii) Wolf Creek, 69.2 84’3 45’74 2 to 6 11’58 to 34’44 15.14 15’14 0.222 45"
Kenbucky ( USA)
viii) Bugg? Island, 50’9 65’5 57’58 2 to 6 8.53 to 25.45 12’19 11.28 0'239 45O
Virgmia ( USA)
ix) Centrehill, Fennessee 68’9 90.44 50’48 2 to 6 11’49 to 3444 15.24 15.24 0'221 45"
(USA)
x) Charkhill, Georgia 56’4 89’60 67’51 2 to 6 9’45 to 28’19 15.24 14.32 0.27 45"
(USA)
( Continued )
TABLE 1 SOLID ROLLER BUCKETS ( PROTOTYPE STRUCTURES ) - Contd
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 6 (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
xi) Greensboro, Carolina 17.15 12’73 54.6 2 to 6 3.66 to 10’97 5’18 3'96 0’219 45” tf:
(USA)
xii) Headgate rock, 25.3 46.48 116’5 2 to 5 5’06 to 12’65 12’ 19 12’50 0.480 45” :
Arizona ( USA ) w
xiii) Stewarts Ferry, 37.3 56’42 79’38 2 to 5 7.44 to 18’59 12’19 12’50 0.388 45’ ‘f
Tennessee ( USA )
g
xiv) Sakuma (Japan ) 118.5 122’3 30’21 5 to 6 19’8 to 39.62 19’23 19’81 0’163 45” g
xv) Grand Coulee, 128.4 56’33 12’32 6 to 7 18’29 to 22’34 15’24 16’15 0’119 45”
Washington ( USA )
xvi) Pennforest, Pennsyl- 40’4 27439 81’1 2 to 5 8’08 to 20’19 5’18 13’41 0’1285 45”
vania ( USA )
xvii) Murdock ( USA ) 6.4 46.48 91’7 2 to 5 1’28 to 3’20 1’52 0.91 0.238 37”
xviii) Malaprabha 38’86 69’13 91’16 2 to 5 7’77 to 19’43 18’29 19’20 0.47 47”
( Karnataka )
xix) Vaitarna 72’4 55’77 29’7 3 to 6 12’10 to 24’17 24’38 12’07 0’345 35”
( Maharashtra )
xx) Rihand ( UP ) 77’7 55’7 30’8 3 to 6 13’26 to 26.52 18.29 12’93 0’239 30”
%
xxi) Nagarjunasagar (AP) 107.9 92 17,7 6 to 7 4.69 to 5.49 21.34 13’49 0.197 5 34”
xxii) Gandhisagar 56’7 53.52 40’5 2 to 6 9’45 to 28’34 30’4 12’40 0.538 30”
( Rajasthan )
xxiii) Hirakund ( Orissa ) 39.4 1041 135 2 to 5 7’92 to 19’69 150 19’7 0’387 40”
xxiv) Guayabo ( Central 54’6 119’9 68’02 2 to5 10’36 to 27’43 10.95 15.23 0’20 59O
America )