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In the year 1990, statutory inspections of elevators in on the hard disk. The results of repeated measurements
Germany underwent fundamental changes. The independent can be easily compared with former ones.
third-party inspection company TÜV Süddeutschland The “classical” ADIASYSTEM test procedures conducted
Engineering Services in Munich, at that time, developed with an empty elevator car instead of a load test mainly con-
a method specifically for inspecting elevators, the so-called sist of the verification of the correct setting of the progressive
ADIASYSTEM (advanced diagnosis system for elevators). safety gear (safety test), the measurement of the traction and
ADIASYSTEM is an expert system software program, installed the re-levelling test of hydraulic elevators. These procedures
on a customary notebook PC and is used together with were already described in former publications in detail, so
particular electronic transducers at the standard interfaces here only the respective basic ideas will be repeated.
of the PC to work as an intelligent measuring tool. The The safety gear test has to give evidence that the safeties
complete hardware is put together in an equipment kit stop an elevator car with rated load within the permissible
weighing about eight kilograms. The method is protected range of deceleration. With the ADIASYSTEM method, a
through a couple of patents and registered designs. data logger measures the actual deceleration of the empty
car, and the expert system calculates the deceleration for
the rated load condition. Only for that very condition the
codes and standards stipulate specific requirements. The
technical behavior of progressive safety gears makes sure
that the deceleration forces are largely independent from
load and speed. In this test the elevator is exposed to less
stress, due to the much less kinetic energy compared with
a full-load safety gear test.
As already mentioned, the ADIASYSTEM measurement
determines the deceleration of the empty car. However,
the experience shows that in many cases retardation values
are quite high if a safety gear is activated with an empty
car. If the elevator is carrying just one or only few pas-
sengers, this stop can become very dangerous. For the
time being no requirement for an emergency stop has been
specified in the codes. To improve the safety it would
How ADIASYSTEM works
make sense to limit the maximum retardation for the
At the beginning, the objective of ADIASYSTEM was to
provide a modern PC-driven alternative solution instead
of the periodic load testing of elevators required in Germany.
The regular inspection of the behavior and safety of an Testing Equipment
elevator under overload is most important. Loading the
elevator car with up to 150% of its rated load on the one
hand is troublesome and costly, and on the other hand
delivers only simple yes-or-no statements. Instead of the
prescribed load tests, ADIASYSTEM goes ahead with precise
and quantitative measurement. The findings gained can be
easily compared with the required values specified in codes
and standards. System-inherent safety reserves that could
not be determined so far, now can be measured with
ADIASYSTEM and thus give additional important infor-
mation to the expert. The software converts the findings
into figures as well as in diagrams and stores all information Safety diagram
empty car too; the ADIASYSTEM has been recording that For more than 10 years, ADIASYSTEM is state-of-the-
aspect for many years. art testing for elevators in Germany. The method can be
The determination of the traction using the ADIASYSTEM used on elevators of any design and manufacturer, as
method consists of the measurement of whether the adhe- well as for any speed and rated load. Particular accessory
sive friction between rope and traction sheave is sufficient parts are available for the latest machine-room-less (MRL)
to prevent slippage. The relevant codes specify that no slip- elevators of different manufacturers.
page must occur with 125% rated load in the car (European In recent years, a fundamental re-design of the ADIASYS-
Standard EN81; ASME A17), respectively 150% (in accor- TEM software took place in order to catch up with the
dance with TRA, the German Elevator Code). The conclusions new possibilities of today’s PCs. Real-time measurements
from a conventional load test are only the two alternative originally designed for a DOS environment had to be con-
statements “car remains stationary” or “car slips down.” verted to a WINDOWS solution, and a new microprocessor-
ADIASYSTEM however can measure the amount of load in controlled adapter had to be developed for that purpose.
the car that would exceed the coefficient of friction between Thereby, all previous transducers can still be used under
ropes and traction sheave causing a dangerous condition. WINDOWS, using RS232 or USB ports. In the near future,
Usually, insufficient traction is to be found only on a small transducers will be re-designed to meet the latest technology,
percentage of elevators; however, it is a quite serious violation. having a direct USB connection.
As a matter of fact, current elevator drives are no longer
oversized as in the past, therefore a traction measurement
will become more important in the future.
resolution and with an option of different sampling rates. method like the ADIASYSTEM can help to identify a wide
The configuration of various parameters, necessary for range of non-conformities.
the respective measurement, including defined trigger
conditions, can be easily adapted via the software when
connected to the PC. As the data logger allows very high
sampling rates (up to 5,000Hz), this device can provide
the recording and evaluation of fast processes with high
precision. Typical applications include the recording of
emergency stops and ride comfort measurements.
Pressure-time diagram
ADIASYSTEM
equipment
kit
TESTING EQUIPMENT
by Rainer Schmitt
The Lat Laser JZC is an in- ◆ Takes the place of the traditional plumb line procedure
spection device for the cor- ◆ Determination of the reference points in the shaft by
rect alignment of guide rails utilization of a laser system
and elevator doors. ◆ Measurement of the coplanar relationship of two
Examples of Application guide rails
Replacement of Traditional ◆ Readily recognizable laser beam
Plumb Line ◆ Fluid-based self-aligning system (patented)
The JZC laser instrument, ◆ The laser is in compliance with EN60825-1/A11:1996
together with its target dis- and EN61010-1/A2:1995 in terms of safety and reliability
play and reflector components, Content of Supply
replaces traditional plumb line Transport Case Contains
adjustments and the alignment ◆ JZC laser instrument
of guide rails using plumb lines. ◆ FJ11 target display
It belongs to the family of meas- ◆ Reflector
urement lasers and is utilized ◆ Safety line
where vertical and horizontal ◆ Set of batteries
reference values are required. ◆ Instruction handbook
Lat Laser JZC
This makes it possible to deter-
mine reference points for alignment of the guard rails as
well as the shaft doors. The JZC laser instrument is
equipped with a liquid-bearing self-alignment system. This
makes it possible to generate a laser beam aligned in
plumb fashion to a vertical object.
Measurement of the Deviation of Already-Installed
Guide Rails
With the aid of a target display and/or a reflector, vertical
and horizontal deviations can be measured with the utmost
precision. The testing of the quality of the installation can
be carried out immediately after rail placement and also
after a certain period of operation. The alignment of the JZC laser instrument FJ11 target display
guide rails can change as concrete loses volume and as
the result of building settling, reducing both travel comfort Laser Instrument JZC
and car operation safety. The erection of a reference line ◆ Accuracy: ±0.5%0 (±0.5mm/10m)
with steel wire is very difficult, but with the JZC laser instru- ◆ Wave-length/maximum output: 650nm/0.5mW
ment, the determination of the reference values is possible ◆ Class/norm: 2/EN60825-1
within a very short time. Document the installation quality ◆ Laser beam/radius of action: Ø 3mm/50m, Ø 5mm/70m Testing Equipment
in terms of DIN EN13015 as well. Possible measurement ◆ Time of self-leveling: 15s
accuracy deficiencies can be reduced by means of a self- ◆ Operating environment temperature: 5°C~35°C
testing of the measurement precision of the laser instrument. ◆ Humidity: <90%
The device corresponds to laser installations of Class 2 ◆ Power supply: 3VDC 2St/piece AA-(mignon)
and fulfills the European Standard EN60825. ◆ Weight (without batteries): 1.5kg
Features ◆ Device bag weight: 1.9kg
◆ Suitable for elevators in accordance with AR95/16/EG, ◆ Dimensions: 360(B)x330(T)x17(H)mm, 360(W)x330(D)x
MR98/37/EG, EN81 and TRA 17(H)mm
◆ Testing of installation quality with both new installa- Target Display FJ11
tions and modernization projects (cf. DIN EN13015) ◆ Wave-length/maximum output: 650nm/0.5mW
◆ Measuring device for checking vertical and horizontal ◆ Class/norm: 2/EN60825-1
position of guide rails and elevator doors ◆ Laser beam/radius of action: Ø 3mm/50m, Ø 5mm/70m
Description
5,000Hz
◆ Acceleration range The measuring principle of the Pressure Sensor is based
±10g on a wire strain gauge, which enables the detection of the
◆ Shock resistant up hydraulic system pressure. The power supply of the pressure
to 1,000g sensor is achieved via the serial interface of a PC. The
◆ Simple operation measurement values are transmitted online to the PC and
◆ Weights are not re- can be displayed on the screen as well as being pictured
quired in the form of a pressure-time diagram. These can be stored.
Content of Supply Features
◆ One travel data sensor ◆ Proven documentation of the functionality and safety
◆ One connection cable of the lift installation in accordance with Lifts Directive
Travel Data Sensor dimension (wxhxd): 95
x 160 x 45mm for PC 95/16/EG (fulfills GSA)
electric Connec-
connection tion to
for cable the valve
to PC block
◆ Easy to use
◆ Weights are not required
Content of Supply
◆ One pressure sensor
◆ One rapid action coupling to sensor connector
◆ One connecting cable for PC
◆ One floppy disc Testing Equipment
◆ One instruction manual
Assessment of the Pressure Behavior
of a Lift Installation
The representation of the pressure behavior of a hydraulic
system offers the user the possibility to determine abnor-
malities which appear in pressure-time diagrams through
sudden pressure drops or rises (e.g., pressure increase due
to piston clamping; pressure increases due to premature
responses of the pressure relief valve).
ANALYSIS OF ELEVATOR
RIDE QUALITY, VIBRATION
by Gregory P. Lorsbach
Sound (dBA)
Run Sound: 61.5L Aleq: 57.8 Max Sound: 74.6
ride comfort) has become an important subject over the
past several years. It is now often part of specifications
for new and modernized elevator systems. It is also a Max Pk/Pk: 47.3 A95: 26.5 0-Pk: 33.1
that was collected in a specific way and analyzed using according to the new ISO standard and is used to evalu-
specified techniques. ate elevator ride quality. This allows the direct diagnosis
The Vibration Record of problems that have a negative effect on ride quality.
First Order Analysis – Troubleshooting The data that has been processed according to the stan-
Data as collected by an instrument may, or may not, be dard is intended to give meaning, such that an increase
related to how people feel that vibration, depending on in the level of vibration, corresponds to an increase in the
how the data was processed. For example, Figure 1 displays perception of that vibration.
the vibration and sound level as collected by an EVA-625, Although measurement and analysis provides a complete
prior to processing for ride quality evaluation. Displayed standardized evaluation of performance characteristics of
from top to bottom are: sound level, x-axis acceleration an elevator system, for the purposes of this discussion a limited
(front to back), y-axis acceleration (side to side) and z-axis analysis of the vibration at full speed will be made. Vibration
acceleration time histories. Although this is a graphical is characterized in terms of the maximum peak-to-peak
vibration, and the A95 (typical vibration) between the points International Services Building Elevator 23
Units: milli(g) File: 5TWG3E71.VE2 10:13:15: 04/03/97
that an elevator has traveled 0.5 meters (1.64 feet) from
its start position, through to the point at which an eleva-
Z Distance ft
tor has traveled to within 0.5 meters (1.64 feet) of its final
position. The units that are typically used in evaluating vi-
bration are milli(g)s. Bear in mind, that vibration is a re-
sult of the moving elements, as well as the control elements,
that make up an elevator system.
When attempting to evaluate the function of the compo-
nents of an elevator system, the first approach is to conduct
a first order analysis, based on a few simple questions:
a. Is the vibration acceptable?
b. Does the problematic vibration show up in the horizontal Seconds
axes or vertical axis? Figure 3
c. Is the vibration impulsive or continuous?
Acceptable Vibration International Services Building Elevator 23
Units: milli(g) File: 5TWG3E71.VE2 10:13:15: 04/03/97
As a worldwide supplier for ride quality instrumentation,
I am often asked what is considered “a good vibration
Z Distance ft
level”? This question is not easily answered. What is accept-
able from a vibration level standpoint is based on many
factors. A primary factor is a competitive issue with respect
to the expectations of the local market. Realistically, every
elevator company manufactures a system that causes a
box to move up and down in response to traffic require-
ments. Competitive pressures keep the cost for equivalent
functionality approximately the same. However, the motion
and sound that a rider perceives correlates with the percep-
tion of the quality of design, installation and maintenance. Seconds
It has been my experience that the maximum acceptable Figure 4
1SO Z
Seconds Seconds
Figure 5 Figure 6
ride quality.
Figure 11