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“Learners’ Speak: Understanding the Factors

Behind Parents’ Style of Rearing and


its effect on Learners’ Achievement”
Sharon D. Bulaong
San Pablo Elementary School

Introduction of the Research

The growing adolescent needs parental guidance


(direct or indirect) in developing his own individuality.
The first and most influential and significant people
responsible for the development of the young adult are
“the parents”. Parents may not be aware of the effects
of their parenting styles which are often affect the
learners’ performance in school.
This study will aid the parents and educators to be
aware of the factors involving the academic
performance of children in school. The knowledge of
these factors would help the children develop into
wholesome and healthy individuals (Medina, 1998).

Research Question

(1) How do learners’ understand the parenting style of


their mother and father in relation to: Parental attitude,
Parental control, Parental communication, Importance
of adolescent’s needs, Home Atmosphere and Parental
discipline; (2) What parenting style is most prominent
based on the understanding of the learners?
(specifically the four styles namely: Democratic,
Autocratic, Permissive and Neglectful) (3) What
parenting style is least prominent based from the
experiences of the learners? (4) What are the factors
behind parents’ style of rearing and how these factors’
affect on learners’ achievement?

Methodology

The researcher used the descriptive method of research,


employing both quantitative and qualitative type of
research.The respondents for this research were the
intermediate learners (100) enrolled in the San Pablo
Elementary School.

The analysis was done in two phases.


For the first phase, the researcher computed for the
mean score of the variables, that is, the quantitative part
of this research. The mean was computed using the
following formula:

`
The second phase is a qualitative method that
conducted interpretative way using focus group
discussions (FGDs) in order to further clarity the
findings in first phase.
Results and Discussion
-Demonstration of leadership -Delayed/non-submission of
projects
in school Learner’s
Achievement In -Low grades
-High levels of self-esteem/ -conflict with classmates/peers
Confidence School
-emotional disturbances
-Participation in school -frequent absenteeism in
activities school
-Average/High Grades

FACTORS’ BEHIND PARENTS’ STYLE


and its EFFECT on LEARNERS’
PERFORMANCE IN SCHOOL
 PARENTS’ ADVISE
 GIVING REWARDS  INADEQUATE RESOURCES
 EXPLAIN THE NEED OF  BROKEN HOME
EDUCATION  VICES OF PARENTS
 PROVIDE RESOURCES  BEATEN UP BY PARENT/PHYSICAL
 HOUSE RULES –encourage to study PUNISHMENT
 PARENTS’ EDUCATIONAL  FAMILY PROBLEM
INVOLVEMENT  PARENTS’ BUSY FROM WORK
 SUPPORTIVE OF NEEDS

DEMOCRATIC

-accepting AUTOCRATIC
-demanding
-discussing house
Expecting them to be PERMISSIVE
rules obeyed -submissive
-communicates -communicates strictly Requiring few rules NEGLECTFUL
warmly -more important than -communicates carefully -doesn’t care at all
-equally important as his/her needs through reason
-less important than his/her -setting no rules
-creates home
his/her needs needs -indifferently
environment which is
-relaxed/calm tensed -creates home environment through reason
negotiation/incentive that is uncontrollable -never important
-discipline through -discipline through giving
yelling and punishment in and giving up
-no guidance

LEARNER’S UNDERSTANDING ON THEIR PARENT’S STYLE OF REARING

FIGURE 2 : Bulaong’s Model of Phenomenology of


Parental Style for Learner’s Achievements in School

To synthesize the results, this emerging framework


shows that learners’ understanding on their parental
style of rearing were varied from democratic,
autocratic, permissive and neglectful. Their were
arranged by rank. Furthermore, on the second phase of
research were the factors behind parenting style and
these were grouped according to its effect, the green
color shows that parenting style has positive effect
(which is the most prominent according to the result) to
the academic achievement and the red color shows that
the parenting style has negative effect ( which is the
least prominent according to the result) to the academic
achievement of learners. The upper part were the
specific areas affected on learners’ academic
achievements.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the findings of this research, the following


conclusions were drawn:
1.The parenting style of both parents experienced by
intermediate learners of San Pablo Elementary
School varied from democratic, autocratic,
permissive and neglectful.
2.The most prominent parenting style is the
democratic type. Wherein, the parents listen to
children’s justifications and requests and make
decisions that take into considerations the needs of
their children. When clashes come between parent
and child, parents do not sacrifice one for the other.
Democratic parents look for solutions in which both
their needs and their children’s are met.
3.The least prominent parenting style is neglectful
type. Wherein the learners faces different issues
such as vices of parents, inadequate resources,
family problem, and frequent absenteeism in school.
4.According to the results, the parental styles with six
aspects were rank as democratic as the most
dominant, second is autocratic, third is permissive,
and last is neglectful style.
5.Here are the common insights that emerged
thematically on the factors behind parenting Style
and its effect on academic achievements in school:
parent’s habit to make sure homework was
completed, grades in school, parents’ advice, vices
of parents, broken homes, parents’ involvement in
school, beaten up by parents/physical punishment
and inadequate resources. These factors emerging
from the FGDs open new understanding on how to
improve the parents’ style of rearing and parents’
involvement in the academic performance of their
siblings in school. Learners have spoken, yet the
role of the parents emerged to be the apex among
the factors which need to be prioritized.
6.All of these factors have been affected the academic
achievements of the learners positively and
negatively specifically on their grades, participation
in school, their confidence and leadership, delayed
or non-submission of projects, conflict with peers,
emotional disturbances, and frequent absenteeism in
school.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1.Further research using correlational research to


determine the effect of parenting style to the learners’
self-esteem.
2.Recommends some institution/organization that
offers scholarship for the qualified learners.
3.Workshops or campaigns should be conducted to
educate learners and parents on the different child
rearing practices and their effects on the child’s
academic performance.
4.Parents need to adopt different parenting style for
different situations so that the child is supported
academically as they grow.
5.There is a need to introduce programme which
promote behaviour change and knowledge about
parental practices that is illegal and unacceptable to
apply.

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