FRGFDGFDFDG

Universal Mobile Terrestrial
Communication
WCDMA Evolution
Within the GSM MAP Core Network family, GSM systems provide voice and
basic data services, while higher speed data services are available by adding
GPRS and/or EDGE. From an existing GSM/GPRS system, the next evolutionary
step is WCDMA. This system uses the GSM MAP Core Network architecture, but
with a new air interface.
© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

Service Roadmap

INTRODUCTION
What is Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ?
• 3G, Direct Sequence CDMA-based Radio Access Network (RAN),chip rate of

3.84
Mcps.
嗗 Designed to be deployed under GSM/GPRS network (Key driver in

standardization!)
嗗 Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode.
Initial focus is on FDD mode, in paired frequency bands.
嗗 Supports multiple services, multiple quality of service (QoS), and higher

data rates (up to 2 Mbps).

UMT
S
• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
• UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS or EDGE
• The standardization work for UMTS is carried out by Third Generation

Partnership Project (3GPP)
• Data rates of UMTS are:

– 144 kbps for rural
– 384 kbps for urban outdoor
– 2048 kbps for indoor and low range outdoor
• Virtual Home Environment (VHE)

UMTS Frequency Spectrum
From the TS 25.101 Specification

UMTS Multiple access types
UMTS uses Direct Sequence CDMA and information is spread across bandwidth in
multiple ways as shown below, which derives different physical channels or air
interfaces.
1. Information is spread across 1.6 MHz BW (1.28Mcps), referred as narrowband

CDMA
2. Information is spread across 5 MHz BW (3.84 Mcps), referred as WCDMA
3. Information is spread across 10MHz BW (7.68 Mcps)

UMTS supports both FDD and TDD duplex modes. FDD is supported in 3.84Mcps
option. TDD is supported in all the three options i.e. 1.28, 3.84 and 7.68 Mcps.

Frame Structure

FDD Technical summary
Frequency band:1920 MHz -1980 MHz and 2110 MHz - 2170 MHz (Frequency
Division Duplex) UL and DL.
Minimum frequency band required: ~ 2x5MHz
Frequency re-use: 1
Carrier Spacing: 4.4MHz - 5.2 MHz
1 Radio frame = 10 ms
Number of slots / frame: 15
Number of chips / slot: 2560 chips
Chip Duration = 1 / 3.84Mcps = 0.26 micro sec
Slot duration= 1 / 15 = 0.667ms

UMTS - SPECIFICATION

UMTS Parameter

ARCHITECTURE
UMTS Network Topology
A UMTS system consists of three major subsystems:
User Equipment (UE) – May be a mobile, a fixed station, a data terminal,

etc. Includes a USIM, which contains all of a user’s subscription information.
Access Network – Includes all of the radio equipment necessary for

accessing the network. May be either UTRAN or GSM/EDGE Radio Access
Network (GERAN).
Core Network – Includes all of the switching and routing capability for
connecting to either the PSTN (circuit-switched calls) or to a Packet Data
Network (packet-switched calls), for mobility and subscriber location
management, and for authentication services.

ARCHITECTURE

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
•Functional network elements
– User Equipment (UE)

• interfaces with user and radio interface
– Radio Access Network (RAN, UMTS Terrestrial RAN = UTRAN)

• handles all radio-related functionality
– Core Network
• switches and routes calls and data connections to external networks

•PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network)
– operated by a single operator

– distinguished from each other with unique identities
– operational either on their own or together with other sub-networks
– connected to other PLMNs as well as to other types of network, such as
ISDN, PSTN, the Internet, etc.

UE
•UE consists of two parts
– Mobile Equipment (ME)

• the radio terminal used for radio communication over Uu interface
– UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)

• a smartcard that holds the subscriber identity
• performs authentication algorithms
• stores authentication and encryption keys
• some subscription information that is needed at the terminal

UTRAN
• UTRAN consists of two elements
– Node B
• converts data flow between Iub and Uu interfaces
• participates in radio resource management
– Radio Network Controller (RNC)

• owns and controls radio resources in its domain
• the service access point (SAP) for all services that UTRAN provides the CN
– e.g., management of connections to UE

Core Network
• Main elements of CN
a) HLR (Home Location Register)
b) MSC/VLR (Mobile Services Switching Centre/Visitor Location Register)
c) GMSC (Gateway MSC)
d) SGSN (Serving GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Support Node)
e) GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)

Core Network
a) HLR (Home Location Register)
–a database located in user’s home system that stores the master copy of user’s
service profile
– service profile consists of, e.g.,
–information on allowed services, forbidden roaming areas
–supplementary service information such as status of call forwarding and the

call forwarding number
- It is created when a new user subscribes to the system, and remains stored as
long as the subscription is active for the purpose of routing incoming
transactions to UE (e.g. calls or short messages)
- HLR also stores the UE location on the level of MSC/VLR and/or SGSN

Core Network
(b) MSC/VLR (Mobile Services Switching Centre/Visitor Location

Register)
妎 the switch (MSC) and database (VLR) that serve the UE in its current location
for Circuit Switched (CS) services
妎 the part of the network that is accessed via MSC/VLR is often referred to as CS
domain
妎 MSC used to switch CS transactions
妎 VLR holds a copy of the visiting user’s service profile, as well as more precise
information on the UE’s location within the serving system

Core Network
(c) GMSC (Gateway MSC)

– the switch at the point where UMTS PLMN is connected to external CS networks
– all incoming and outgoing CS connections go through GMSC
(d) SGSN (Serving GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Support

Node)
– functionality is similar to that of MSC/VLR but is typically used for Packet
Switched (PS) services
– the part of the network that is accessed via SGSN is often referred to as PS
domain
(e) GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)

– functionality is close to that of GMSC but is in relation to PS services

External networks
• External networks can be divided into two groups
– CS networks
• provide circuit-switched connections, like the existing telephony service
• ISDN and PSTN are examples of CS networks
– PS networks
• provide connections for packet data services
• Internet is one example of a PS network

Interfaces
Main open interfaces
– Cu interface
• the electrical interface between USIM smartcard and ME
– Uu interface
• the WCDMA radio interface
• the interface through which UE accesses the fixed part of the system
• the most important open interface in UMTS
–Iu interface
• connects UTRAN to CN
– Iur interface
• allows soft handover between RNCs
– Iub interface
• connects a Node B and an RNC

UTRAN ARCHITECTURE
• Radio Network Controller
• Node B (Base Station)

•UTRAN
– consists of one or more Radio Network Sub-systems (RNS)
•RNS
– a subnetwork within UTRAN
– consists of one Radio Network Controller (RNC) and one or more Node Bs, RNCs
– may be connected to each other via Iur interface
– RNCs and Node Bs are connected with Iub interfaceMain characteristics of
UTRAN
– support of UTRA and all related functionality
– support soft handover and WCDMA-specific Radio Resource Management
algorithms
– use of ATM transport as the main transport mechanism in UTRAN.

RADIO NETWORK CONTROLLER
RNC (Radio Network Controller)
– the network element responsible for radio resources control of UTRAN
– it interfaces CN (normally to one MSC and one SGSN)
– terminates RRC (Radio Resource Control) protocol that defines the messages and
procedures between mobile and UTRAN
– it logically corresponds to the GSM BSC

In case one mobile–UTRAN connection uses resources from more than one RNS
(due to handover), the RNCs involved have two separate logical roles
– Serving RNC (SRNC)
– Drift RNC (DRNC)

LOGICAL ROLE OF THE RNC
• The RNC controlling one Node B is indicated as the Controlling RNC (CRNC) of
Node B
• Controlling RNC
– responsible for load and congestion control of its own cells
– executes admission control for new radio links
•Serving RNC
– SRNC for one mobile is the RNC that terminates both the Iu link for the transport of
user data and the corresponding RANAP (RAN Application Part) signaling to/from
the core network
– SRNC also terminates the Radio Resource Control Signaling, that is the signaling
protocol between the UE and UTRAN
– basic Radio Resource Management operations are executed in SRNC
– map Radio Access Bearer (RAB) parameters into air interface transport channel
parameters
– handover decision
– outer loop power control

•Drift RNC
– In case of Roaming Virtual Connection are made with different RNC

– DRNC is any RNC, other than the SRNC, that controls cells used by the mobile
– DRNC does not perform L2 processing of the user plane data, but routes the data
transparently between Iub and Iur interfaces
– one UE may have zero, one or more DRNCs

UMTS Bearer service architecture

What is a bearer?
Bearer: a bearer capability of defined capacity, delay and bit error rate, etc. (as defined
in 3GPP specs.)
Bearer is a flexible concept designating some kind of ”bit pipe” at a certain network
level (see previous slide) between certain network entities with certain QoS attributes,
capacity, and traffic flow characteristics.
3GPP Bearer a dedicated path between mobile and its serving GGSN for a mobile to
send or receive packets over a 3GPP PS CN a 3GPP Bearer in a UMTS network
would be a UMTS Bearer.

Bearer
Constructed by concatenating
- Radio Access Bearer (RAB)

connects a mobile over a RAN to the edge of CN (i.e., a SGSN)
- CN Bearer
carries user traffic between the edge of CN and a GGSN
The signaling connection between mobile and SGSN is constructed by concatenating
Signaling Radio Bearer: between mobile and RAN (e.g., the RNC in UTRAN)
Signaling Bearer: Iu between RAN and SGSN
Signaling and traffic connections between mobile and SGSN
Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection

Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) connection

SIGNALING AND TRAFFIC CONNECTIONS BETWEEN MOBILE AND SGSN

•Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection
It includes Signaling Radio Bearers and Traffic Radio Bearers for the same mobile
– used to establish, maintain, and release Radio Bearers
– a mobile will use a common RRC connection to carry signaling and user traffic
for both PS and CS services
• Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) connection
– includes I u Signaling Bearers and I u Traffic Bearers for the same mobile
– used to establish, maintain, modify, change, and release all these I u

Bearers

5.2.2 NODE B (BASE STATION)
Main function of Node B
- perform the air interface L1 processing, e.g.,
-channel coding and interleaving
-rate adaptation
-spreading
- also performs some basic Radio Resource Management operations, e.g.

inner loop power control
-It logically corresponds to the GSM Base Station

UMTS protocols
Different protocol stacks for user and control plane
User plane (for transport of user data):
Circuit switched domain: data within ”bit pipes”

Packet switched domain: protocols for implementing various QoS or traffic engineering
mechanisms
Control plane (for signalling):
Circuit switched domain: SS7 based (in core network)

Packet switched domain: IP based (in core network)
Radio access network: UTRAN protocols

PROTOCOL STACK

PROTOCOL STACK
The UMTS signalling protocol stack is divided into Access Stratum (AS) and Non-
Access Stratum (NAS). The Non-Access Stratum architecture evolved from the GSM
upper layers and includes:
Connection Management – Handles circuit-switched calls and includes

sub layers responsible for call control (e.g., establish, release),
supplementary services (e.g., call forwarding, 3-way calling), and short
message service (SMS).
Session Management – Handles packet-switched calls (e.g., establish,

release).
Mobility Management – Handles location updating and authentication for

circuit-switched calls.
GPRS Mobility Management – Handles location updating and

authentication for packet-switched calls.

PROTOCOL STACK
Protocol Stack – Circuit Switched Control Plane

PROTOCOL STACK
Circuit Switched Control Plane Protocol Stack

The control plane protocol stack illustrates how signalling protocols are terminated. This
example shows a circuit-switched call operating on dedicated physical channels.
Non-Access Stratum (NAS)
Connection Management (CM) protocols are defined between UE and MSC to

handle call setup and release functions.
Mobility Management (MM) protocols are defined between UE and MSC to
handle UE mobility functions.
Access Stratum (AS)
The Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol is defined between UE and RNC
to handle establishment, release, and configuration of radio resources.
The Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol is defined between UE and RNC to
provide segmentation, re-assembly, duplicate detection, and other traditional
Layer 2 functions.
PROTOCOL STACK
Circuit Switched Control Plane Protocol Stack Continued...
The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is defined between UE and

RNC to multiplex user plane and control plane data.
The Physical Layer protocol is defined between UE and Node B to transfer

data over the radio link. The interface between UE and RNC at the Physical
Layer handles macro diversity combining and splitting functions.

Circuit Switched User Plane Protocol Stack

PROTOCOL STACK
The user plane protocol stack illustrates how user protocols are terminated. This
example shows a circuit-switched voice call operating on dedicated Physical Channels.

An application can consist of several layers. For example, in the case of
voice, the topmost layer corresponds to the actual acoustic signals heard by
users on both ends, whereas a lower layer carries the vocoded bits. In this
protocol architecture, vocoders reside at the UE and at the MSC to translate
digitized voice between the format transmitted over the air and that sent over
digital wirelines (e.g., T1).
Access Stratum (AS)

The RLC, MAC, and Physical Layer protocols for the user plane are the same
as for the control plane.
RRC does not participate in user plane protocols. It is responsible for setting
up the radio bearers and channels, but does not touch the data.

Packet Switched Control Plane Protocol Stack

PROTOCOL STACK
Packet Switched Control Plane Protocol Stack
The control plane protocol stack illustrates how signalling protocols are terminated.
This example shows a packet-switched call operating on dedicated physical
channels.
Session Management (SM) protocols are defined between UE and SGSN to

handle packet session establish and release procedures.
GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) protocols are defined between UE and

SGSN to handle UE mobility functions.
Access Stratum (AS)

The control plane access stratum is identical for packet and circuit switched
operations.

PROTOCOL STACK
Packet Switched User Plane

PROTOCOL STACK
Packet Switched User Plane

The user plane protocol stack illustrates how user protocols are terminated. This
example shows a packet-switched call operating on dedicated Physical Channels.

-The application layer could be Web browsing, FTP, email, etc.
When the Session Management layer activates a Packet Data Protocol
(PDP) context, it identifies the type as Internet Protocol (IP) or Point to
Point Protocol (PPP).
Access Stratum (AS)

-The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) provides protocol
transparency for higher layer protocols, such as IPv4, PPP, and IPv6, and
performs protocol control information compression.
-The RLC, MAC, and Physical Layer protocols for the user plane are the
same as for the control plane.
-RRC does not participate in user plane protocols. It is responsible for
setting up the radio bearers and channels, but does not touch the data.

User plane protocol stacks (CS domain)

User plane protocol stacks (PS domain)

Uu (air, radio) interface protocols

Main tasks of Uu interface protocols
MAC (Medium Access Control):

- Mapping between logical and transport channels
- Segmentation of data into transport blocks
RLC (Radio Link Control):

- Segmentation and reassembly
- Link control (flow & error control)
- RLC is often a transparent layer
PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol):

- IP packet header compression (user plane only)

Main tasks of RRC protocol
Over the air interface, Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages carry all the
relevant information required for setting up a Signalling Radio Bearer
(during the lifetime of the RRC Connection) and setting up, modifying, and
releasing Radio Bearers between UE and UTRAN (all being part of the RRC
Connection).
RRC also participates in the co-ordination of other Radio Resource

Management (RRM) operations, such as measurements and handovers.
In addition, RRC messages may carry in their payload higher layer signalling
information (MM, CC or SM) that is not related to the air interface or
UTRAN.

Application protocols in UTRAN
•Iub interface (between RNC and base station) NBAP (Node B Application Part)
•Iur interface (between Serving RNC and Drift RNC)

Serving RNC and Drift RNC in UTRAN

Serving RNS (SRNS) Relocation
SRNS Relocation means that the Serving RNC functionality is transferred

from one RNC (the “old” SRNC) to another (the “new” SRNC,previously a
DRNC) without changing the radio resources and without interrupting the user
data flow.
RANAP provides the signalling facilities over the two Iu interfaces involved (Iu
interfaces to “old” and “new” SNRC) for performing SRNC Relocation in a co-
ordinated manner.

SRNS Relocation (cont.)

CHANNELS
There are three separate channel concepts in the UTRAN:
嗗 Logical Channels
嗗 Transport Channels
嗗 Physical Channels
Logical Channels
Logical channels define what type of data is transferred. The defined logical
control channels are:
嗗 Broadcast control channel (BCCH)

Downlink common channel;
Broadcasts system and cell-specific information.
嗗 Paging control channel (PCCH)

Downlink channel;
Transfers paging information and some other notifications.
嗗 Dedicated control channel (DCCH)

Bidirectional point-to-point channel;
Transfers dedicated control information.
CHANNELS
嗗 Common control channel (CCCH)

Bidirectional point-to-multipoint channel;
Transfers control information.
嗗 Shared channel control channel (SHCCH)

Bidirectional;
Transfers control information for uplink and downlink shared
channels;
Only in TDD mode.
嗗 Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH)

Bidirectional point-to-point channel;
Transfers user info.
嗗 Common traffic channel (CTCH)

Downlink point-to-multipoint channel;
Transfers dedicated user information for a group of users.

CHANNELS
Transport Channels
The transport channels define how and with which type of characteristics
the data is transferred by the physical layer. Transport channels are divided
into common channels and dedicated channels. They are all unidirectional.
Common transport channels include:
Broadcast channel (BCH)

A downlink channel for broadcast of system and cell-specific info.
Paging channel (PCH)

A downlink channel used for transmission of paging and
notification messages;
Transmission associated with transmission of paging indicator
in PICH physical channel.

Random access channel (RACH)
A contention-based uplink channel;
Used for initial access or non-real-time dedicated control or traffic
data;
A limited-size data field.
Common packet channel (CPCH)

A contention-based channel used for transmission of bursty data
traffic;
An uplink channel;
Only in FDD mode.
Forward access channel (FACH)

A common downlink channel;
May carry small amounts of user data.
Downlink shared channel (DSCH)

A downlink channel shared by several UEs;
Used for dedicated control or traffic data;
CHANNELS
• High-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH)

A downlink channel shared by several UEs;
Optimized for very high speed data transfer;
Employs efficient link adaptation scheme;
Very quick rate changes (HSDPA frame is only 2 ms versus 10
ms of other channels);
Associated with a DCH, and up to 4 HS-SCCHs (does not
exist alone);
• Uplink shared channel (USCH)

An uplink channel shared by several UEs;
Carries dedicated control or traffic data;
Only in TDD mode.
The only dedicated transport channel type is:
• Dedicated channel (DCH)

For one UE only;
Either uplink or downlink.
Physical Channels
Depending on the operating mode, the physical channels in FDD mode are :
Downlink
• Synchronization channel (SCH)
Used for cell search;
Two subchannels, the primary and secondary SCH.
Transmitted only during the first 256 chips (i.e., one-tenth) of
each timeslot.
• Common pilot channel (CPICH)
Fixed rate of 30 Kbps;
Carries a predefined bit sequence;
Two types: primary and secondary CPICH:
Primary CPICH (P-CPICH)
(P-CPICH is the phase reference for SCH, primary CCPCH, AICH,
and
PICH, and the reference for other downlink physical channels;
Secondary CPICH (S-SPICH) may be the reference for the downlink DPCH, and for
the
associated PDSCH. The presence of S-CPICH in a cell is optiona

• Primary common control physical channel (P-CCPCH)
Fixed rate of 30 Kbps;
Carries BCH;
Not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each timeslot.
• Secondary common control physical channel (S-CCPCH)

Variable rate;
Carries FACH and PCH;
FACH and PCH can be mapped to the same or separate channels;
Transmitted only when there is data available.
• Physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)

Carries DSCH (downlink shared channel);
Always associated with a downlink DPCH, which carriers its
control information.

Paging indicator channel (PICH)
Carries page indicators to indicate the presence of a page
message on the PCH.
Acquisition indicator channel (AICH)

Carries acquisition indicators (= signatures for the random access
procedure).
CPCH Access preamble acquisition indicator channel (AP- AICH)

Carries AP acquisition indicators of the associated CPCH.
CPCH status indicator channel (CSICH)

Carries CPCH status information.
CPCH Collision-detection/channel-assignment indicator channel (CD/CA-ICH)

Carries CD (collision detection) indicators only if the CA
(channel assignment) is not active, or both CD indicators and
CA indicators at the same time if the CA is active.

• High-speed physical downlink shared channel (HS-PDSCH)
Carries HS-DSCH;
Can employ either QPSK or 16 QAM modulation;
A HS-PDSCH frame is 2 ms, consisting of 3 time slots;
One UE may receive several HS-PDSCH simultaneously.
• Shared control channel for HS-DSCH (HS-SCCH)

Carries downlink signaling related to HS-DSCH transmission;
Indicates when there is data to be received on HS-DSCH for
this UE;
A fixed rate channel (SF = 128, i.e., 60 kbps);
Physical Downlink and Uplink
•Dedicated physical data channel (DPDCH)

Carries DCH (dedicated channel);
Carries data generated at layer 2 and above.
•Dedicated physical control channel (DPCCH)

Carries control information generated at layer 1.

Uplink
•Physical random access channel (PRACH)

Carries RACH;
Uses slotted ALOHA technique with fast acquisition indicators.
• Physical common packet channel (PCPCH)

Carries CPCH (common packet channel);
Uses DSMA-CD technique with fast acquisition indication.
• Uplink dedicated control channel for HS-DSCH (HS-DPCCH)

Carries HSDPA feedback information (HARQ acknowledgements
and channel quality indications);
Multiplexed with a DPCCH;
Uses SF=256.

The physical channels in the TDD mode are :
Downlink
•Primary common control physical channel (P-CCPCH)

Carries BCH.
• Secondary common control physical channel (S-CCPCH)

Carries PCH and FACH;
One or more instances per cell.
• Synchronization channel (SCH)

Gives the code group of a cell;
Indicates the position (timeslot and code) of P-CCPCH.
• Paging indicator channel (PICH)

Carries page indicators to indicate the presence of a page
message on the PCH.

• Physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)
Carries DSCH;
• Physical Node B synchronisation channel (PNBSCH)

Carries Node-B synchronisation bursts;
Used by the network to gain time synchronisation among Node-Bs;
• High speed physical downlink shared channel (HS-PDSCH)

Carries HS-DSCH;
Can employ either QPSK or 16 QAM modulation;
One UE may receive several HS-PDSCHs simultaneously.
• Shared control channel for HS-DSCH (HS-SCCH)

Carries downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH
transmission;
Indicates when there is data to be received on HS-DSCH
for this UE;
There can be up to 4 HS-SCCHs a UE has to monitor.

Downlink and Uplink
•Dedicated physical channel (DPCH)

Carries DCH;
Uplink
•Physical random access channel (PRACH)

Carries RACH;
One or more instances per cell.
• Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)

Carries USCH.
• Shared information channel for HS-DSCH (HS-SICH)

Carries HSDPA feedback information to Node-B.

CHANNEL MAPPING
The following diagrams depict the mapping of channel types to each other.

THANK YOU !
© Nex-G Skills | NESPL 70

FRGFDGFDFDG

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

FRGFDGFDFDG

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Universal Mobile Terrestrial

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

What is Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ?

• 3G, Direct Sequence CDMA-based Radio Access Network (RAN),chip rate of

嗗 Designed to be deployed under GSM/GPRS network (Key driver in

嗗 Supports multiple services, multiple quality of service (QoS), and higher

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

• UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS or EDGE

• The standardization work for UMTS is carried out by Third Generation

• Data rates of UMTS are:

• Virtual Home Environment (VHE)

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

From the TS 25.101 Specification

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

1. Information is spread across 1.6 MHz BW (1.28Mcps), referred as narrowband

2. Information is spread across 5 MHz BW (3.84 Mcps), referred as WCDMA

3. Information is spread across 10MHz BW (7.68 Mcps)

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

Minimum frequency band required: ~ 2x5MHz

Carrier Spacing: 4.4MHz - 5.2 MHz

Number of slots / frame: 15

Number of chips / slot: 2560 chips

Chip Duration = 1 / 3.84Mcps = 0.26 micro sec

Slot duration= 1 / 15 = 0.667ms

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

UMTS Network Topology

A UMTS system consists of three major subsystems:

User Equipment (UE) – May be a mobile, a fixed station, a data terminal,

Access Network – Includes all of the radio equipment necessary for

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

•Functional network elements

– User Equipment (UE)

– Radio Access Network (RAN, UMTS Terrestrial RAN = UTRAN)

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

– operated by a single operator

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

•UE consists of two parts

– Mobile Equipment (ME)

– UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

• UTRAN consists of two elements

– Radio Network Controller (RNC)

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

a) HLR (Home Location Register)

b) MSC/VLR (Mobile Services Switching Centre/Visitor Location Register)

c) GMSC (Gateway MSC)

d) SGSN (Serving GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Support Node)

e) GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

a) HLR (Home Location Register)

– service profile consists of, e.g.,

–information on allowed services, forbidden roaming areas

–supplementary service information such as status of call forwarding and the

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

(b) MSC/VLR (Mobile Services Switching Centre/Visitor Location

妎 MSC used to switch CS transactions

© Nex-G Skills | NESPL

(c) GMSC (Gateway MSC)