DENTAL MATERIALS QUESTIONS: 1990-2012

(Chapters according to Science of Dental Materials by Kenneth Anusavice)

PART I: GENERAL CLASSES AND PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF MATERIALS FOR DENTAL APPLICATIONS

Essays-
1. Describe the important physical and mechanical properties of materials and
metals used in dentistry which helps the dentist in their practice. (April 96)

Short notes-
1. ADA, ISI specifications (April 91)

CHAPTER 2: STRUCTURE OF MATTER AND PRINCIPLES OF ADHESION

Short notes-
1. Adherend (February 11)
2. Adhesion and cohesion (April 90)
3. Adhesive bonding (October 03)
4. Adhesive cements (February 06)
5. Interatomic bonds (August 05)
6. Mechanical bonding (April 99)
7. Surface tension (September 02)

CHAPTER 3: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS

Essays-
1. Tarnish and corrosion- define. Discuss in detail about causes and types of
corrosion and protection against corrosion. (October 96)
2. Tarnish and corrosion- define. Explain with dental examples, galvanic
corrosion, stress corrosion, and concentration cell corrosion. How do you
minimize corrosion? Explain with illustrations. (February 11)
3. Tarnish and corrosion- define. Write in detail about the different types (August
06)

Short notes-
1. Clinical significance of galvanic currents (October 90)
2. Corrosion (October 00) (October 03)
3. Corrosion and tarnish (April 91) (April 95) (August 09)
4. Corrosion of oral appliances (October 97) (October 99)
5. Creep (April 91)
6. Creep and flow (April 93)
7. Dimensions of colour (August 05)
8. Surface hardness/ test of (April 95) (October 00) (February 06)
9. Viscosity (April 95) (October 97) (February 06)

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 CHAPTER 4: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS

Short notes-
1. Ductility and its measurement (August 04)
2. Ductility and malleability (April 96) (October 96) (October 99)
3. Elasticity (April 00)
4. Hardness tests (October 03)
5. Indentation hardness (April 93)
6. Modulus of resilience/elasticity (October 98) (October 98) (August 08)
7. Stress and strain (February 10) (February 11)
8. Young’s modulus of elasticity (April 90)

CHAPTER 5: SOLIDIFICATION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF METALS

Short notes-
1. Solidification phenomenon of metals (February 06)
2. Space lattice (October 90) (October 99)

CHAPTER 6: EQUILIBRIUM PHASES IN CAST ALLOYS

Short notes-
1. Eutectic alloys (August 08) (February 09) (August 09)
2. Solid solution (October 91) (February 09)

CHAPTER 7: DENTAL POLYMERS

Short notes-
1. Addition polymerization/chemical stages (October 91) (August 04)
2. Compare and contrast polymethyl methacrylate with that of metal denture
base material in relation to physical, mechanical and biological properties
(April 91)
3. Polymerization- stages (August 08)

CHAPTER 8: BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF DENTAL MATERIALS

Short notes-
1. Allergies in dental materials (August 06)
2. Biocompatibility of materials used in dentistry (April 95)
3. Biocompatibility- tests for evaluation (August 07)
4. Sensitization (April 01)- biocompatibility

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 PART II: AUXILIARY DENTAL MATERIALS

CHAPTER 9: IMPRESSION MATERIALS

Essays-
1. Elastomer- what is an elastomer? Classify elastomers. Write composition,
chemistry, setting reaction and properties of addition silicone impression
material. (August 10)
2. Elastomeric impression materials- Write an essay on elastomeric impression
materials (April 93)
3. Elastomers- what are the non-aqueous elastomers and write any one of its
composition, properties, advantages and disadvantages (August 07)
4. Elastomers- what are they? Write in detail about the types, composition,
properties and manipulation of addition silicone impression material (August
05)
5. Elastromeric impression materials- classify. Give composition, setting reaction
and properties of any one of them. Add a note on dimensional changes of
claustromeric impressions. (October 98)
6. Impression material- mention the requisites. Describe the composition and
manipulation of addition silicone impression material (September 02)
7. Impression materials- Classify impression materials and discuss their ideal
requirements. Give the composition of various elastomeric impression materials
(April 95)
8. Impression materials- Classify impression materials. Describe the requisites,
composition and uses of impression compound. (April 90)
9. Impression Materials- Classify impression materials. Discuss in detail about
reversible hydrocolloid material.(April 95)
10. Impression materials- classify primary impression materials. Write in detail
about the composition and manipulation of impression compound. (February
10)
11. Impression materials- classify. Write on types, composition, properties and
manipulation of elastomeric impression material. (October 97)
12. Impression materials- critically evaluate different impression materials. Write
in detail about poly silicone rubber impression material. (April 99)
13. Impression materials- define and classify. Give the ideal requirements of
impression materials. Add a note on ZnOE paste (August 08)
14. Impression materials- define and classify. Write in detail about composition,
uses, manipulation, properties, advantages and disadvantages of reversible
impression materials (August 06)
15. Impression materials- give ideal requirements, classify. Add a note on zinc
oxide eugenol impression pastes (October 00)
16. Impression materials- Give the classification of impression materials. Explain
advantages and indications of each group (April 93)
17. Impression materials- mention the desirable qualities of impression materials.
Classify the impression materials. Write in detail about the composition,
chemistry and manipulation of alginate impression material (February 07)
18. Irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials- What are irreversible
hydrocolloid impression materials? Discuss in detail its chemistry and
composition and technical considerations for its use. (October 90)

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 19. Silicone impression materials- give composition, explain setting reaction,
properties, manipulation and uses (April 00)
20. ZnOE- Write the composition of zinc oxide eugenol impression paste. Describe
in detail the setting time and how it can be controlled. (October 91)

Short notes-
1. Alginate composition (August 04)
2. Alginate impression material (April 95)
3. Alginate setting reaction (April 99)
4. Class ify impression materials with suitable examples (April 91)
5. Colloidal state (February 09)
6. Compare and contrast rubber base impression material with that of other
elastic impression material used in dentistry (April 91)
7. Condensation silicone/composition and manipulation (February 09) (February
11)
8. Duplicating materials (October 99)
9. Elastomer impression material (October 99)
10. Elastomers- manipulation/impression techniques (April 98) (August 12)
11. Impression materials- ideal requirements (October 03) (February 05)
12. Impression waxes (February 08)
13. Inhibition and syneresis (October 99)
14. Laminate technique (February 05)
15. Non-eugenol pastes (February 11)
16. Polyether impression materials (April 99) (February 05) (August 09) (February
10)
17. Polysilicone impression materials (October 97) (October 98)
18. Polysulphides (April 03)
19. Polyvinyl siloxane (February 12)
20. Silicone rubber base impression materials-- composition, physical and
mechanical properties of (April 91)
21. Tray adhesives (February 10)-
22. Zinc oxide eugenol paste- composition (February 11)

CHAPTER 10: GYPSUM PRODUCTS

Essays-
1. Gypsum- classify gypsum products used in dentistry. Discuss about setting
reaction and setting time of gypsum products. (October 96)
2. Gypsum- Describe in detail about gypsum and gypsum products. Explain the
setting reaction and the factors that affect them. (October 91)
3. Gypsum products- classify and explain how each one is manufactured. Discuss
the properties, composition and manipulation of gypsum bonded investment
(February 05)
4. Gypsum products- Explain the ideal requirements of investment materials and
describe in detail gypsum bonded investment materials (April 95)
5. Gypsum products- identify with reference to their properties and setting
characteristics. (October 03)
6. Plaster of Paris- Describe plaster of Paris in detail and its various uses in
dentistry. (October 91)

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Short notes-
1. Alpha-hemihydrate and beta-hemihydrate (April 91)
2. Calcination and methods to obtain type I, II, III, IV dental gypsum products
(April 91)
3. Dental stone (April 95) (October 96) (October 97) (October 97) (October 98)
4. Electrolytic corrosion (April 00)
5. Green strength (February 10)- investing materials
6. Gypsum bonded investment (April 93) (October 98) (August 09)
7. Gypsum- classification and clinical uses (August 11)
8. Gypsum products setting reaction (October 97) (February 09)
9. Gypsum products- types (August 07)
10. Gypsum- tests for setting time (February 11)
11. Hygroscopic setting expansion of casting investment (November 01)
12. Hygroscopic setting expansion/factors affecting (October 90) (April 93) (August
04) (August 06) (February 08)
13. Setting expansion- normal and hygroscopic (April 03)
14. Setting expansion, dry strength, wet strength (April 91)
15. Setting time- factors controlling the setting time of plaster (February 05)
16. Setting time, initial and final (April 91)
17. Significance of w/p ratio, spatulation and temperature of water with relation
to gypsum (April 91)
18. Synthetic gypsum (February 11)
19. Terra alba (February 05)
20. Thermal expansion (October 97) (April 03)
21. Wash impression (October 91)

CHAPTER 11: DENTAL WAXES

Short notes-
1. Base plate wax (October 96) (August 05) (August 12)
2. Classify dental waxes with suitable examples (April 91)
3. Dental waxes- mention the various types. Describe in detail the ideal
requirements, composition and properties of inlay casting waxes (October 03)
4. Elastic memory (February 11)
5. Inlay casting wax- ideal requirements (April 91) (October 91) (August 07)
6. Inlay casting wax- manipulation (September 02) (April 91)
7. Inlay wax (April 95) (October 96) (August 11)
8. Waxes- classification and uses (August 09)

CHAPTER 12: CASTING INVESTMENTS AND PROCEDURES

Essays-
1. Casting defects- classify. Write in detail of porosity (February 11)
2. Casting defects- describe the casting defects and how these defects can be
successfully avoided (February 07)
3. Casting defects- mention the various types. Explain the causes and remedies
for solidification shrinkage porosities and incomplete castings. (April 03)

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 4. Casting- define a casting and discuss various types and mention the defects in
casting (February 09)
5. Casting gold alloy- Describe the alloying properties of metals contained in the
casting gold alloys. Discuss the various casting defects and methods to
minimize them. (April 95)
6. Casting procedure- define. Write in detail about steps involved in it. (April 01)
7. Casting procedure- describe the casting procedure of dental alloys and discuss
in detail about casting failures (August 11)
8. Casting procedures- Describe gold inlay casting procedures in detail (April 91)
9. Casting shrinkage- describe the causes and methods of its compensation.
Explain the causes and remedies for solidification shrinkage porosities and
incomplete castings. (October 98)
10. Gold alloy casting defects- classify and explain the causes and methods to
minimize them (October 97)
11. Gold alloys for dental use- mention the defects in casting and their cause
(August 05)
12. Gypsum bonded investment material (August 12)
13. Investment materails- classify. Give the composition of phosphate bonded
investment material and describe, how you will compensate for casting
shrinkage of dental casting alloy. (April 99)
14. Investment material- what is it? Write in brief the composition, properties,
setting reaction of gypsum bonded investment material (February 06)

Short notes-
1. Die materials (April 93) (April 95) (April 00) (August 04)
2. Die stones (April 98) (October 98) (October 00)
3. Electroformed dies (April 01) (October 03) (February 06) (August 11)
4. Electroplated dies (August 09)
5. Electroplating (October 91)
6. Incomplete casting (April 95)
7. Incomplete casting (October 00)
8. Investment expansion (August 10)
9. Investment materials (February 10)
10. Investment materials- classification and requirements (April 98)
11. Investment materials- thermal expansion (August 05) (February 06)
12. Investments for base metal alloy casting (August 06)
13. Localized shrinkage porosity (November 01)
14. Phosphate bonded investments (April 01) (September 02) (April 03) (February
11)
15. Porosity in alloys (August 08)
16. Ring less castings (April 01)
17. Ring liners/ functions (April 01) (February 08)
18. Silica (April 93)
19. Silica bonded investment (April 90)
20. Sprue (October 90) (April 99)
21. Sprue former- selection of (October 03)
22. Subsurface porosities in castings (April 00)

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 CHAPTER 13: FINISHING AND POLISHING MATERIALS

Short notes-
1. Abrasive and polishing agents (April 95) (October 96) (February 07)
2. Abrasives- classification, uses of various abrasives (August 11)
3. Dental burs/design of (October 99) (October 03)
4. Dentirfices (February 12) (August 12)
5. Polishing agents (April 99) (April 99) (August 08) (August 10)
6. Polishing of metal (September 02)

PART III: DIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS

CHAPTER 14: BONDING

Essays-
1. Direct bonding- Name the materials that possess the quality of direct bonding
to tooth structure. Explain the composition, chemistry of setting of any one of
them (April 93)

Short notes-
1. Biocompatibility of materials used in dentistry (April 95)
2. Biocompatibility- tests for evaluation (August 07)
3. Microleakage (October 96)
4. Sandwich technique (August 11)

CHAPTER 15: RESTORATIVE RESINS

Essays-
1. Composite resin- Discuss the types, composition and uses of composite resin.
Add a note on acid etching and bonding agents. (April 95)
2. Composite resins- define and classify. Give its composition . Add a note on acid
etching and bonding agents (October 96)
3. Composite resins- what are they? Describe in detail the composition, setting
reaction, manipulation and uses of these resins as restorative materials (April
00)
4. Restorative materials- Compare and contrast the aesthetics, mechanical,
physical and biological properties of anterior and posterior tooth restorative
materials (April 91)

Short notes-
1. Acid etching (April 96) (October 97) (April 99) (October 99) (April 01)
2. Composite resin (September 02)
3. Dentin bonding agents (April 96) (April 00) (February 09)
4. Dual cured composites (February 08)
5. Enamel and dentin bonding agents (February 12)
6. Etching and bonding agent (April 91)
7. Hybrid composite (November 01) (August 08) (August 12)
8. Microfilled VLC composite resins (April 03)
9. Microfilled-light cure composite resin (April 95) (October 98) (April 00)

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 CHAPTER 16: DENTAL CEMENTS

Essays-
1. Anterior teeth filling materials- Classify anterior teeth filling materials. Write
in detail about glass ionomer cement (April 93)
2. Dental cements- classification. Add notes on GIC and resin-modified GIC
(February 11)
3. Dental cements- classify according to uses. Give composition, properties and
uses of zinc polycarboxylate cement (October 97)
4. Dental cements- classify. Write in detail the composition, properties, uses,
advantages and disadvantages of GIC. Write briefly about sandwich technique.
(April 99)
5. Dental cements- classify. Write the composition, manipulation and
modifications of zinc oxide eugenol cement (February 10)
6. Dental cements- what are the uses of cements in dental restorations? Write in
detail about GIC. (February 07)
7. Glass ionomer cement- Discuss the types, composition, setting reaction,
properties and uses of glass ionomer cement (April 96)
8. Glass ionomer cement- give composition and biological properties. Explain its
bonding action to tooth enamel and dentin. Add a note on the recent
modifications of GIC. (October 00)
9. Glass ionomer cement- give the composition and biological properties. Explain
its bonding action to the enamel and dentin. Add a note on the recent
modifications of GIC. (August 08)
10. Glass ionomer cements- classify. Discuss in detail about composition, setting
reaction, properties and uses. (October 97)
11. Silicate cements- Write the composition of silicate cements. Discuss the
properties and in detail about dimensional stability and strength (October 91)
12. Temporal dental cements- Classify temporary dental cements. Explain the role
of each lining prior to a permanent restoration on a vital tooth (April 93)
13. Zinc phosphate- Describe the chemistry of setting of zinc phosphate cement.
Explain how you will control its setting time and the technical considerations in
its manipulation. (April 90)

Short notes-
1. Calcium hydroxide (April 93) (April 99) (April 00)
2. Cavity liner and bases (October 98) (October 99)
3. Cavity liners (October 91) (September 02) (August 08)
4. Cavity varnish (April 90) (April 91) (August 07) (February 09)
5. Cement bases (April 98) (February 07)
6. Dental cements- uses (August 10)
7. Enumerate anterior and posterior tooth restorative materials (April 91)
8. GIC- modifications (February 10)
9. GIC- properties and uses (October 98)
10. GIC- resin modified (February 12)
11. Glass cements (October 99)
12. Luting agents (February 12)
13. Luting cements (August 09)
14. Metal-modified glass-ionomer cement (April 95)
15. Modified zinc oxide eugenol cement (February 08)

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 16. Pit and fissure sealants (October 91) (October 96) (August 07) (February 11)
(August 11)
17. Polycarboxylate cements- advantages/disadvantages (April 01)
18. Polycarboxylic cements (October 91) (April 99) (November 01)
19. Pulp capping agent (August 12)
20. Pulpal protection agents (February 12)
21. Root canal sealants (February 07)(ZnOE, resin sealers)
22. Zinc phosphate cement (October 00) (February 09)
23. Zinc phosphate cement- control of setting time (February 06)
24. Zinc polycarboxylate (August 07)

CHAPTER 17: DENTAL AMALGAMS

Essays-
1. Dental Amalgam alloy- write in brief the setting reaction of both low and high
copper amalgam alloy. What are the phases formed during the reaction with a
note on factors affecting its strength (February 08)
2. Dental amalgam- classify. Write the composition, properties, advantages of
high copper amalgams. Add a note on mercury toxicity. (October 99)
3. Dental amalgam- Describe in detail the dimensional changes that occur in the
use of dental amalgam and its control (October 90)
4. Dental Amalgam- discuss in detail strength of amalgam and factors affecting it.
What technical considerations will you have when using silver amalgam?
(October 99)
5. Dental amalgam- discuss in detail strength of amalgam and factors affecting it.
What technical considering will you have when using silver amalgam? (August
09)
6. Dental amalgam- what is high copper amalgam? Enumerate the advantages over
conventional silver amalgam alloy. (August 10)
7. Dental amalgam- write in detail about definition, classification, composition,
manipulation, advantages and disadvantages and uses. (August 07)
8. Silver amalgam alloy- Discuss the composition of silver amalgam alloy and
explain the importance of minimal mercury technique (October 91)
9. Silver amalgam alloy- what are the criteria for selection of silver amalgam
alloys and which type of material satisfies them? Describe the composition,
amalgamation reaction and properties of single composition-high copper-silver
amalgam alloys. (October 98)

Short notes-
1. Admixed high copper alloys (February 06)
2. Advantages of high copper amalgam (April 95)
3. Amalgam capsule (September 02)
4. Amalgam- strength (August 12)
5. Copper amalgam (April 90)
6. Copper amalgam (September 02)
7. Creep of silver amalgam (October 98)
8. Delayed expansion in amalgam (April 93) (April 00) (February 11)
9. Dental amalgam- setting reaction (August 05)
10. Eames technique (April 00) (August 07)
11. High and low copper alloys (April 91)

9
 12. High copper amalgam alloy (April 96) (October 96) (April 98) (April 99)
(February 11) (August 11)
13. Mercury health hazard/mercury toxicity (October 97) (April 99) (April 03)
(February 05) (August 06) (February 09)
14. Mercury hygiene (October 96)
15. Silver amalgam and its composition (April 91)
16. Trituration (April 90) (October 91) (October 03)

CHAPTER 18: DIRECT FILLING GOLD

Short notes-
1. Cohesive gold (April 93)
2. Gold foil (April 99) (August 07) (August 10) (February 11) (August 12)
3. Powdered gold (October 91)
4. Welding (October 91) {refer ch 20 also}

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 PART IV- INDIRECT RESTORATIVE AND PROSTHETIC MATERIALS

CHAPTER 19: DENTAL CASTING AND SOLDERING ALLOYS

Essays-
1. Cast gold alloy- Classify cast gold alloys. Discuss about composition,
properities and uses of different types of cast gold alloys (April 95) (October
96)
2. Casting Alloys- classify. Explain the composition, uses, advantages and
disadvantages of chromium cobalt alloys used in dentistry (November 01)
3. Casting Alloys- classify. Explain the composition, uses, advantages and
disadvantages of chromium cobalt alloys used in dentistry (November 01)
4. Dental casting- Classify the defects that can occur in dental castings. How will
you eliminate each one of these defects? (October 91)
5. Discuss in detail about soldering and welding in dentistry (April 95)
6. Gold alloy- Discuss the composition and types of gold alloys. How does it differ
from direct filling gold? (April 93)
7. Solders- write in brief the bases of selecting solders, types of solders used in
dentistry and the practical steps in soldering (February 06)

Short notes-
1. Cast gold alloy (October 99)
2. Cast gold alloy- classification (October 98)
3. Casting defects (October 96) (April 99) (October 99)
4. Casting machines (November 01) (August 10)
5. Casting shrinkage (August 07)
6. Chrome-cobalt alloys (April 95) (October 99) (February 08)
7. Chrome-cobalt-nickel alloys (October 98)
8. Chrome-nickel alloys (October 97)
9. Dental casting- cleaning (February 12)
10. Dental ceramic- bisque stages (February 10)
11. Denture base resin- requirements (August 05)
12. Flux and antiflux (October 90) (October 99) (August 05)
13. Heat treatment (October 91)
14. Karat and fineness (February 08)
15. Metal ceramics (April 95) (October 96) (October 97) (April 98) (October 98)
(April 03)
16. Metal ceramics- advantages/disadvantages (August 04)
17. Metal ceramics- requirements (February 08)
18. Metal denture base- advantages (April 99)
19. Porosity in dental casting (October 97)
20. Soldering and welding (April 99) (February 10) (August 12) {welding to refer ch
18, 20 also}
21. Soldering/ requirement of/methods of /procedure(April 93) (April 00)
(February 08) (August 08) (August 09) (August 10) (August 11)
22. Strain hardening (October 03)

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 CHAPTER 20: WROUGHT ALLOYS
Essays-
1. Alloys- Classify alloys. Describe the various dental alloys, its composition, uses,
advantages and disadvantages. Write in detail of any one alloy used in dentistry
(October 90) (February 12)

Short notes-
1. 18-8 stainless steel (April 93) (April 95) (October 98) (August 10) (February 11)
(August 11) (August 12)
2. Alloy system- classification (February 09)
3. Alloying- objects of (August 05)
4. Austenitic stainless steel (April 95)
5. Cast metal and wrought metal (April 91)
6. Cast structure versus wrought structure (February 05)
7. Ferratic stainless steel (April 01)
8. Nickel-titanium alloys (October 97)
9. Non-precious alloys- classification (February 07)
10. Shape memory alloy (August 08)
11. Shape memory and super elasticity (August 04)
12. Stabilization of stainless steel (April 00) (April 00)
13. Stainless steel- types (February 05)
14. Wrought gold alloy (November 01)

CHAPTER 21: DENTAL CERAMICS

Essays-
1. Dental ceramics- classify. Write composition, methods of condensation and its
recent advances (August 09)
2. Dental ceramics- classify. Write in detail about metal ceramic restorations
(April 01)
3. Dental ceramics- composition, methods of strengthening (August 12)
4. Dental ceramics- write in detail (August 11)
5. Dental porcelain- composition, types, physical properties, manipulation,
advantages and disadvantages (February 05)
6. Dental porcelain- discuss in detail the composition of dental porcelains. Add a
note on glaxing. (April 99)

Short notes-
1. Aluminous porcelain/advantages of (April 95) (November 01)
2. Ceramic staining- materials used (February 11)
3. Ceramics fused to metals (April 93)
4. Ceramics- methods of strengthening (February 12)
5. Cermets (August 05)
6. Dental ceramics (August 09)
7. Dental porcelain- glazing of (February 06)
8. DICOR (February 05)
9. Firing of porcelain jacket crown (April 95) (October 00)
10. Glass cermet cements (April 95) (April 00)(see ch-16 too )
11. Metamerism and fluorescence (August 12)
12. Porcelain- composition and condensation (October 97)

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 13. Porcelain- dental porcelain (April 98) (February 07)
14. Porcelain firing (October 98)
15. Porcelain teeth (October 90)

CHAPTER 22: DENTAL BASE RESINS

Essays-
1. Dental resin- What are the requisites of an ideal dental resin? Describe the
types of polymerization and the process in detail (October 90)
2. Dental resins- classify, write their requisites and add a note on stages in
addition polymerization (February 11)
3. Denture base materials- enumerate; mention ideal requirements of denture
base resins and stages in polymerization (October 99)
4. Denture base materials- ideal requirements? Describe the composition, setting
reaction and curing cycle of heat cure denture base acrylic resins (November
01)
5. Denture base materials- ideal requirements? Explain the chemical stages of
polymerization and curing cycles of heat cure acrylics (April 03)
6. Denture base materials- write in detail about it. Add a note on repair and
reline materials. (October 99)
7. Denture base resin- discuss in detail, its technical consideration and processing
procedures (February 12)
8. Denture base resins- define polymerization of denture base resins and discuss
its composition, physical and chemical stages. (February 09)
9. Heat cure- Describe the curing cycle for heat-cure acrylic denture base resins.
Explain the causes and methods of minimizing the fabrication defects and
porosities (April 95) (October 98)
10. Heat cure- Mention the composition and role of each ingredient of heat cure
denture base resin. Describe its properties. (February 08)
11. Porosity- Define porosity. Write the causes for porosity while using
anpolymethyl methacrylate acrylic resin and the methods to prevent the same.
(April 90) (September 02)

Short notes-
1. Back pressure porosity (February 11)
2. Cold-cure acrylic resin (April 95)(check ch-7 also )
3. Compression molding technique (February 11)
4. Conditioner (February 11)
5. Curing/ curing cycle (April 98) (August 04) (February 11)
6. Dentin conditioner (April 00)
7. Denture reliner (October 90) (October 91) (April 95)
8. Internal porosity (October 91)
9. Porosity- causes in denture base resin (August 11)
10. Porosity in acrylics (April 93) (October 03) (August 06) (August 12)
11. Separating media (April 93) (April 95) (October 98) (February 07)
12. Soft or resilient liners (April 96) (October 96) (August 10)
13. Tissue conditioners (August 05) (February 12) (August 12)
14. Vinyl resin (April 90
15. What are the ideal requisites of denture base material? (April 91)
16. Resilient denture liners (October 00)
17. Maxillofacial materials (August 10)

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 CHAPTER 23: DENTAL IMPLANTS

Essays-
1. Base metal alloy- what is it? Write in detail about dental implant materials
(August 06)

Short notes-
1. Dental implant materials (November 01)
2. Dental implants (August 09) (February 12)
3. Implant materials (April 03)
4. Implant materials and types of implants (August 08)
5. Titanium (August 09) {refer 23,19,3}

SEPARATE CONSERVATIVE TOPICS

1. Guttapercha (October 90) (April 00)- endodontics

2. Rake angle (April 00) (February 10)- hand and rotary instruments

CRAIG’S DENTAL MATERIALS

1. Ozokerite (August 04) Dentalwaxes

Unknown
2. Electrolytic polishing (February 08)
3. Manufacturing methods (February 06)

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