INGENIERIA

ELECTRICA

UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE COTOPAXI

F ACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INGENIERÍA Y APLICADAS

(CIYA)

CARRERA, INGENIERIA ELECTRICA

TEMA:
 RESOLVER EL SISTEMA EMPLEANDO LOS SIGUIENTES
METODOS:
 NEWTON RAPHSON
 FLUJO DESACOPLADO RAPIDO
 F.D.C.

TUTOR:
Msc.Ing EDWIN LEMA
AUTOR:
TOAPANTA OMAR
C.I:1850101229
MATERIA:
SISTEMAS ELECTRICOS DE POTENCIA
CICLO:
SEPTIMO “B”

PERIODO ACADEMICO:
OCTUBRE 2019 – FEBRERO 2020

LATACUNGA-ECUADOR
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA

DADO EL SISTEMA, RESOLVER POR METODO NEWTON RAPHSON

1. Clasificación de nudos
NUDO TIPO DATOS INCOGNITA P especificada Q especificada
1 Slack V1δ1 PQ - -
2 PQ P2Q2 V2δ2 -1.5 -0,8
3 PV P3V3 Q3δ3 1 -

2. Condiciones iniciales
𝑉1 = 1∠0 𝑉2 = 1∠0 𝑉3 = 1∠0
3. Matriz de admitancias
1 1 1 1
( + ) −( ) −( )
𝑍𝐿12 𝑍𝐿13 𝑍𝐿12 𝑍𝐿13
1 1 1 1
𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = −( ) ( + ) −( )
𝑍𝐿12 𝑍𝐿12 𝑍𝐿23 𝑍𝐿23
1 1 1 1
−( ) −( ) ( + )
[ 𝑍𝐿13 𝑍𝐿23 𝑍𝐿13 𝑍𝐿23 ]

−15𝑗 10𝑗 5𝑗 15∠ − 90 10∠90 5∠90

𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = [ 10𝑗 −14𝑗 4𝑗 ] 𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = [ 10∠90 14∠ − 90 4∠90 ]
5𝑗 4𝑗 −9𝑗 5∠90 4∠90 9∠ − 90
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
4. Flow Load Equation
𝑷𝟐 = 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21 ) + 𝑉22 𝑌22 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 )
𝑷𝟐 = 0
𝑷𝟑 = 𝑉3 𝑉1 𝑌31 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ31 ) + 𝑉3 𝑉2 𝑌32 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿2 −Ɵ32 ) + 𝑉32 𝑌33 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ33 )
𝑷𝟑 = 0
𝑸𝟐 = 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21 ) + 𝑉22 𝑌22 𝑠𝑒𝑛(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 )
𝑸𝟐 = 0
5. Variaciones de potencia
∆𝑷𝟐 = 𝑃2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑃2 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 = −1,5 − 0 = −1,5
∆𝑷𝟑 = 𝑃3 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑃3 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 = 1 − 0 = 0
∆𝑸𝟐 = 𝑄2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑄2 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 = −0,8 − 0 = 0
6. Matriz jacobiana
𝜕𝑃2 𝜕𝑃2 𝜕𝑃2
𝜕𝛿2 𝜕𝛿3 𝜕𝑉2
𝜕𝑃3 𝜕𝑃3 𝜕𝑃3
𝐽=
𝜕𝛿2 𝜕𝛿3 𝜕𝑉2
𝜕𝑄2 𝜕𝑄2 𝜕𝑄2
[ 𝜕𝛿2 𝜕𝛿3 𝜕𝑉2 ]
6.1.Derivación de ecuaciones
𝝏𝑷𝟐
= −𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21 ) − 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = 14
𝝏𝜹𝟐
𝝏𝑷𝟐
= 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = −4
𝝏𝜹𝟑
𝝏𝑷𝟐
= 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21 ) + 2𝑉2 𝑌22 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = 0
𝝏𝑽𝟐
𝝏𝑷𝟑
= 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = −4
𝝏𝜹𝟐
𝝏𝑷𝟑
= −𝑉3 𝑉1 𝑌31 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿3 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ31 ) − 𝑉3 𝑉2 𝑌32 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿3 − 𝛿2 −Ɵ32 ) = 9
𝝏𝜹𝟑
𝝏𝑷𝟑
= 𝑉3 𝑌32 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿2 −Ɵ32 ) = 0
𝝏𝑽𝟐
𝝏𝑸𝟐
= 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = 0
𝝏𝜹𝟐
𝝏𝑸𝟐
= 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = 0
𝝏𝜹𝟑
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
𝝏𝑸𝟐
= 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21 ) + 2𝑉2 𝑌22 𝑠𝑒𝑛(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = 14
𝝏𝑽𝟐
6.2.Aplicación de Newton Raphson
14 −4 0
𝐽 = [−4 9 0]
0 0 14
∆𝛿2 14 −4 0 −1,5 −0,0864
−1
[∆𝛿3 ] = [−4 9 0 ] ∗ [ 1 ] = [ 0,0727 ]
∆𝑉2 0 0 14 −0,8 −0,0571
−0,0864 ∗ 180
𝛿2 0 −0,0864 −0,0864 π −4,9504
[𝛿3 ] = [0] + [ 0,0727 ] = [ 0,0727 ] = 0,0727 ∗ 180 = [ 4,1654 ]
𝑉2 1 −0,0571 0,9429 π 0,9429
[ 0,09429 ]
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝟗𝟒𝟐𝟗∠ − 𝟒, 𝟗𝟓𝟎𝟒 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒, 𝟏𝟔𝟓𝟒

SEGUNDA ITERACION
1. Condiciones
𝑉1 = 1∠0 𝑉2 = 0,9429∠ − 4,9504 𝑉3 = 1∠4,1654
2. Flow Load Equation
𝑷𝟐 = −0,8137 − 0,5975 = −1,4112
𝑷𝟑 = 0,3632 + 0,5975 = 0,9607
𝑸𝟐 = −9,3938 + 12,4468 − 3,7240 = −0,6710

3. Variaciones de potencia
∆𝑷𝟐 = −1,5 + 1,4112 = −0,0888
∆𝑷𝟑 = 1 − 0,9607 = 0,0393
∆𝑸𝟐 = −0,8 + 0,6710 = −0,1290
4. Derivación de ecuaciones
𝝏𝑷𝟐 𝝏𝑷𝟑
= 9,3938 + 3,7240 = 13,1178 = −3,7240
𝝏𝜹𝟐 𝝏𝜹𝟐
𝝏𝑷𝟐 𝝏𝑷𝟑
= −3,7240 = 4,9868 + 3,7240 = 8,7108
𝝏𝜹𝟑 𝝏𝜹𝟑
𝝏𝑷𝟐 𝝏𝑷𝟑
= −0,8629 + 0 − 0,6337 = 0,6337
𝝏𝑽𝟐 𝝏𝑽𝟐
= −1,4966
𝝏𝑸𝟐
= −0,8137 − 0,5975 = −1.4112
𝝏𝜹𝟐
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
𝝏𝑸𝟐 𝝏𝑸𝟐
= −0,5975 = −9,9627 + 26,4012 − 3,9425
𝝏𝜹𝟑 𝝏𝑽𝟐
= 12,4960
5. Aplicación de Newton Raphson
13,1178 −3,7240 −1,4966
𝐽 = [−3,7240 8,7108 0,6337 ]
−1,4112 −0,5975 12,4960
∆𝛿2 13,1178 −3,7240 −1,4966 −0,0888 −0,0074
−1
[∆𝛿3 ] = [−3,7240 8,7108 0,6337 ] ∗ [ 0,0393 ] = [ 0,0021 ]
∆𝑉2 −1,4112 −0,5975 12,4960 −0,1290 −0,0111
−0,0938 ∗ 180
𝛿2 −0,0864 −0,0074 −0,0938 π −5,3743
[𝛿3 ] = [ 0,0727 ] + [ 0,0021 ] = [ 0,0748 ] = 0,0748 ∗ 180 = [ 4,2857 ]
𝑉2 −0,0571 −0,0111 0,9318 π 0,9318
[ 0,9318 ]
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟖∠ − 𝟓, 𝟑𝟕𝟒𝟑 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒, 𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟕

TERCERA ITERACION
1. Condiciones
𝑉1 = 1∠0 𝑉2 = 0,9318∠ − 5,3743 𝑉3 = 1∠4,2857
2. Flow Load Equation
𝑷𝟐 = −0,8727 − 0,6254 = −1,4981
𝑷𝟑 = 0,3736 + 0,6254 = 0,9990
𝑸𝟐 = −9,2770 + 12,1555 − 3,6744 = −0,7959
3. Variaciones de potencia
∆𝑷𝟐 = −1,5 + 1,4981 = −0,0019
∆𝑷𝟑 = 1 − 0,9990 = 0,0010
∆𝑸𝟐 = −0,8 + 0,7959 = −0,0041
4. Derivación de ecuaciones
𝝏𝑷𝟐 𝝏𝑷𝟑
= 9,2770 + 3,6744 = 12,9514 = 4,9860 + 3,6744 = 8,6604
𝝏𝜹𝟐 𝝏𝜹𝟑
𝝏𝑷𝟐 𝝏𝑷𝟑
= −3,6744 = 0,6712
𝝏𝜹𝟑 𝝏𝑽𝟐
𝝏𝑷𝟐 𝝏𝑸𝟐
= −0,9366 − 0,6712 = −1,6078 = −0,8727 − 0,6254 = −1.4981
𝝏𝑽𝟐 𝝏𝜹𝟐
𝝏𝑷𝟑 𝝏𝑸𝟐
= −3,6744 = −0,6254
𝝏𝜹𝟐 𝝏𝜹𝟑
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
𝝏𝑸𝟐
= −9,9560 + 26,0904 − 3,9433
𝝏𝑽𝟐
= 12,7914

5. Aplicación de Newton Raphson

12,9514 −3,6744 −1,6078
𝐽 = [−3,6744 8,6604 0,6712 ]
−1.4981 −0,6254 12,7914
∆𝛿2 12,9514 −3,6744 −1,6078 −0,0019 −0,0002
[∆𝛿3 ] = [−3,6744 8,6604 0,6712 ] −1 ∗ [ 0,0010 ] = [ 0,0001 ]
∆𝑉2 −1.4981 −0,6254 12,7914 −0,0041 −0,0003
−0,0940 ∗ 180
𝛿2 −0,0938 −0,0002 −0,0940 π −5,3858
[𝛿3 ] = [ 0,0748 ] + [ 0,0001 ] = [ 0,0749 ] = 0,0749 ∗ 180 = [ 4,2915 ]
𝑉2 0,9318 −0,0003 0,9315 π 0,9315
[ 0,9315 ]
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟓∠ − 𝟓, 𝟑𝟖𝟓𝟖 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒, 𝟐𝟗𝟏𝟓
CUARTA ITERACION
1. Condiciones
𝑉1 = 1∠0 𝑉2 = 0,9315∠ − 5,3858 𝑉3 = 1∠4,2915
2. Flow Load Equation
𝑷𝟐 = −0,8743 − 0,6263 = −1,5006
𝑷𝟑 = 0,3742 + 0,6263 = 1,0005
𝑸𝟐 = −9,2739 + 12,1477 − 3,6730 = −0,7992
3. Variaciones de potencia
∆𝑷𝟐 = −1,5 + 1,5006 = 0,0006
∆𝑷𝟑 = 1 − 1,0005 = 0,0005
∆𝑸𝟐 = −0,8 + 0,7992 = −0,0008
4. Derivación de ecuaciones
𝝏𝑷𝟐 𝝏𝑷𝟑
= 9,2739 + 3,6730 = 12,4969 = 4,9860 + 3,6730 = 8,6590
𝝏𝜹𝟐 𝝏𝜹𝟑
𝝏𝑷𝟐 𝝏𝑷𝟑
= −3,6730 = 0,6724
𝝏𝜹𝟑 𝝏𝑽𝟐
𝝏𝑷𝟐 𝝏𝑸𝟐
= −0,9386 − 0,6724 = −1,6110 = −0,8743 − 0,6263 = −1.5006
𝝏𝑽𝟐 𝝏𝜹𝟐
𝝏𝑷𝟑 𝝏𝑸𝟐
= −3,6730 = −0,6263
𝝏𝜹𝟐 𝝏𝜹𝟑
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
𝝏𝑸𝟐
= −9,9559 + 26,0820 − 3,9431
𝝏𝑽𝟐
= 12,1830
5. Aplicación de Newton Raphson
12,4969 −3,6730 −1,6110
𝐽 = [ −3,6730 8,6590 0,6724 ]
−1.5006 −0,6263 12,1830
∆𝛿2 12,4969 −3,6730 −1,6110 0,0006 −0,000028
[∆𝛿3 ] = [ −3,6730 8,6590 0,6724 ] −1 ∗ [ 0,0005 ] = [ 0,000041 ]
∆𝑉2 −1.5006 −0,6263 12,1830 −0,0008 −0,000064
−0,0940 ∗ 180
𝛿2 −0,0940 −0,000028 −0,0940 π −5,3858
[𝛿3 ] = [ 0,0749 ] + [ 0,000041 ] = [ 0,0749 ] = 0,0749 ∗ 180 = [ 4,2915 ]
𝑉2 0,9315 −0,000064 0,9314 π 0,9314
[ 0,9315 ]
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟒∠ − 𝟓, 𝟑𝟖𝟓𝟖 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒, 𝟐𝟗𝟏𝟓

QUINTA ITERACION
1. Condiciones
𝑉1 = 1∠0 𝑉2 = 0,9314∠ − 5,3858 𝑉3 = 1∠4,2915
2. Flow Load Equation
𝑷𝟐 = −0,8742 − 0,6263 = −1,5005
𝑷𝟑 = 0,3742 + 0,6263 = 1,0005
𝑸𝟐 = −9,2729 + 12,1451 − 3,6726 = −0,8004

3. Variaciones de potencia
∆𝑷𝟐 = −1,5 + 1,5005 = 0,0005
∆𝑷𝟑 = 1 − 1,0005 = −0,0005
∆𝑸𝟐 = −0,8 + 0,8004 = 0,0004
4. Derivación de ecuaciones
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
𝝏𝑷𝟐
= 9,2729 + 3,6726 = 12,9455
𝝏𝜹𝟐
𝝏𝑷𝟐
= −3,6726
𝝏𝜹𝟑
𝝏𝑷𝟐
= −0,9386 − 0,6724 = −1,6110
𝝏𝑽𝟐
𝝏𝑷𝟑
= −3,6726
𝝏𝜹𝟐
𝝏𝑷𝟑
= 4,9860 + 3,6726 =8,6586
𝝏𝜹𝟑

𝝏𝑷𝟑
= 0,6724
𝝏𝑽𝟐
𝝏𝑸𝟐
= −0,8742 − 0,6263 = −1.5005
𝝏𝜹𝟐
𝝏𝑸𝟐
= −0,6263
𝝏𝜹𝟑
𝝏𝑸𝟐
= −9,9559 + 26,0792 − 3,9431 = 12,1802
𝝏𝑽𝟐
5. Aplicación de Newton Raphson
12,9455 −3,6726 −1,6110
𝐽 = [ −3,6726 8,6586 0,6724 ]
−1.5005 −0,6263 12,1802
∆𝛿2 12,9455 −3,6726 −1,6110 0,0005 −0,00003
−1
[∆𝛿3 ] = [ −3,6726 8,6586 0,6724 ] ∗ [−0,0005] = [ 0,00005 ]
∆𝑉2 −1.5005 −0,6263 12,1802 0,0004 −0,00003
−0,0940 ∗ 180
𝛿2 −0,0940 −0,00003 −0,0940 π −5,3858
[𝛿3 ] = [ 0,0749 ] + [ 0,00005 ] = [ 0,0749 ] = 0,0749 ∗ 180 = [ 4,2915 ]
𝑉2 0,9314 −0,00003 0,9314 π 0,9314
[ 0,9314 ]
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟒∠ − 𝟓, 𝟑𝟖𝟓𝟖 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒, 𝟐𝟗𝟏𝟓

Cálculo de potencias generadas en la barra slack y en la barra 3

a. Ecuación en la barra slack
𝑉1 = 1∠0 𝑉2 = 0,9314∠ − 5,3858 𝑉3 = 1∠4,2915
𝑷𝟏 = 𝑉12 𝑌11 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ11 ) + 𝑉1 𝑉2 𝑌12 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿1 − 𝛿2 −Ɵ12 ) + 𝑉1 𝑉3 𝑌13 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿1 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 )
𝑷𝟏 = 0,8742 − 0,3742 = 0,5
𝑸𝟏 = 𝑉12 𝑌11 𝑠𝑒𝑛(−Ɵ11 ) + 𝑉1 𝑉2 𝑌12 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿1 − 𝛿2 −Ɵ12 ) + 𝑉1 𝑉3 𝑌13 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿1 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 )
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
𝑸𝟏 = 15 − 9,2729 − 49960 = 0,7411
𝑷𝟏 = 𝑃𝑔1 − 𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑸𝟏 = 𝑄𝑔1 − 𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎
𝑷𝒈𝟏 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑸𝒈𝟏 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎
𝑷𝒈𝟏 = 0,5 + 0 = 0,5 𝑸𝒈𝟏 = 0,7411 + 0 = 0,7411

b. Ecuación en la barra 3
𝑉1 = 1∠0 𝑉2 = 0,9314∠ − 5,3858 𝑉3 = 1∠4,2915
𝑸𝟑 = 𝑉3 𝑉1 𝑌31 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿3 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ31 ) + 𝑉3 𝑉2 𝑌32 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿3 − 𝛿2 −Ɵ32 ) + 𝑉32 𝑌33 𝑠𝑒𝑛(−Ɵ33 )
𝑸𝟑 = −4,9860 − 3,6726 + 9? 0,3414 = 0,3414
𝑸𝟑 = 𝑄𝑔3 − 𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎
𝑸𝒈𝟑 = 𝑄3 + 𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎
𝑸𝒈𝟑 = 0,3414 + 0 = 0,3414
Perdidas de potencia
𝑷𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒔 = 𝑃1 𝑒𝑠𝑝 + 𝑃2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 + 𝑃2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 𝑸𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒔 = 𝑄1 𝑒𝑠𝑝 + 𝑄2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 + 𝑄2 𝑒𝑠𝑝
𝑷𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒔 = 0,5 − 1,5 + 1 = 0 𝑸𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒔 = 0,7411 − 0,8 + 0,3414 = 0,2822

Flujos por las líneas

a. Flujo de la línea de conexión entre el nudo 1-2_2-1

𝑉1 = 1∠0 𝑉2 = 0,9314∠ − 5,3858
𝑰𝟏𝟐 −10𝑗 10𝑗 1∠0
[ ]=[ ]∗[ ]
𝑰𝟐𝟏 10𝑗 −10𝑗 0,9314∠ − 5,3858
𝑰𝟏𝟐 = (−10𝑗)(1∠0) + (10𝑗)(0,9314∠ − 5,3858) = 1,1371∠ − 39,7512
𝑰𝟏𝟐 = (10𝑗)(1∠0) + (−10𝑗)(0,9314∠ − 5,3858) = 1,1371∠140,2488
𝑺𝟏𝟐 = 𝑉1 ∗ (𝐼12 )∗
𝑺𝟏𝟐 = (1∠0)(1,1371∠39,7512) = 0,8742 + 0,7271𝑗
𝑺𝟏𝟐 = 𝑉2 ∗ (𝐼21 )∗
𝑺𝟏𝟐 = (0,9314∠ − 5,3858)(1,1371∠140,2488) = −0,8742 − 0,5978𝑗

b. Flujo de la línea de conexión entre el nudo 1-3_3-1

𝑉1 = 1∠0 𝑉3 = 1∠4,2915
𝑰𝟏𝟑 −5𝑗 5𝑗 1∠0
[ ]=[ ]∗[ ]
𝑰𝟑𝟏 5𝑗 −5𝑗 1∠4,2915
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
𝑰𝟏𝟑 = (−5𝑗)(1∠0) + (5𝑗)(1∠4,2915) = −0,3742 − 0,0140𝑗
𝑰𝟑𝟏 = (5𝑗)(1∠0) + (−5𝑗)(1∠4,2915) = 0,3742 + 0,0140𝑗
𝑺𝟏𝟑 = 𝑉1 ∗ (𝐼13 )∗
𝑺𝟏𝟑 = (1∠0)(−0,3742 + 0,0140𝑗) = −0,3742 + 0,0140𝑗
𝑺𝟑𝟏 = 𝑉3 ∗ (𝐼31 )∗
𝑺𝟑𝟏 = (1∠4,2915)(0,3742 − 0,0140𝑗) = 0,3742 + 0,0140𝑗

c. Flujo de la línea de conexión entre el nudo 2-3_3-2

𝑉2 = 0,9314∠ − 5,3858 𝑉3 = 1∠4,2915
𝑰𝟐𝟑 −4𝑗 4𝑗 0,9314∠ − 5,3858
[ ]=[ ]∗[ ]
𝑰𝟑𝟐 4𝑗 −4𝑗 1∠4,2915
𝑰𝟐𝟑 = (−4𝑗)(0,9314∠ − 5,3858) + (4𝑗)(1∠4,2915) = −0,6490 + 0,2796𝑗
𝑰𝟑𝟐 = (4𝑗)(0,9314∠ − 5,3858) + (−4𝑗)(1∠4,2915) = 0,6490 − 0,2796𝑗
𝑺𝟐𝟑 = 𝑉2 ∗ (𝐼23 )∗
𝑺𝟐𝟑 = (0,9314∠ − 5,3858)(−0,6490 − 0,2796𝑗) = −0,6263 + 0,2025𝑗
𝑺𝟑𝟐 = 𝑉3 ∗ (𝐼32 )∗
𝑺𝟑𝟐 = (1∠4,2915)(0,6490 + 0,2796𝑗) = 0,6263 + 0,3274𝑗
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
METODO POR FLUJO DESACOPLADO RAPIDO

1. Clasificación de nudos

NUDO TIPO DATOS INCOGNITA P especificada Q especificada

1 Slack V1δ1 PQ - -
2 PQ P2Q2 V2δ2 -1.5 -0,8
3 PV P3V3 Q3δ3 1 -
2. Condiciones iniciales
𝑉1 = 1∠0 𝑉2 = 1∠0 𝑉3 = 1∠0
3. Matriz de admitancias
1 1 1 1
( + ) −( ) −( )
𝑍𝐿12 𝑍𝐿13 𝑍𝐿12 𝑍𝐿13
1 1 1 1
𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = −( ) ( + ) −( )
𝑍𝐿12 𝑍𝐿12 𝑍𝐿23 𝑍𝐿23
1 1 1 1
−( ) −( ) ( + )
[ 𝑍𝐿13 𝑍𝐿23 𝑍𝐿13 𝑍𝐿23 ]
−15𝑗 10𝑗 5𝑗 15∠ − 90 10∠90 5∠90
𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = [ 10𝑗 −14𝑗 4𝑗 ] 𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = [ 10∠90 14∠ − 90 4∠90 ]
5𝑗 4𝑗 −9𝑗 5∠90 4∠90 9∠ − 90
4. Flow Load Equation

𝑃2 = 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21 ) + 𝑉22 𝑌22 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = 0

𝑃3 = 𝑉3 𝑉1 𝑌31 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ31 ) + 𝑉3 𝑉2 𝑌32 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿2 −Ɵ32 ) + 𝑉32 𝑌33 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ33 ) = 0

𝑄2 = 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21 ) + 𝑉22 𝑌22 𝑠𝑒𝑛(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = 0

5. Variaciones de potencia
∆𝑃2 = 𝑃2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑃2 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => −1.5 − (0) = −1.5
∆𝑃3 = 𝑃3 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑃3 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => 1 − (0) = 1
∆𝑄2 = 𝑄2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑄2 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => −0.8 − (0) = −0.8
6. Aplicamos FDR
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
Ángulos

∆𝛿2 −𝐵 − 𝐵23 −1 ∆𝑃2 ⁄𝑉2

[ ] = [ 22 ] ∗[ ]
∆𝛿3 −𝐵32 − 𝐵33 ∆𝑃3 ⁄𝑉3

Radianes Grados
∆𝛿2 14 − 4 −1 −1.5⁄1 −0.0864 −4.9483
[ ]=[ ] ∗[ ]=[ ] => [ ]
∆𝛿3 −4 9 1⁄1 0.0727 4.1670

𝛿 1 00 −4.9483 −4.9483
[ 2] = [ ] + [ ]=[ ]
𝛿3 0 4.1670 4.1670
Voltaje
[∆𝑉2 ] = [−𝐵22 ]−1 ∗ [∆𝑄2 ⁄𝑉2 ]

[∆𝑉2 ] = [14]−1 ∗ [−0.8⁄1] = [−0.0571]

[𝑉2 ]1 = [1]0 + [−0.0571] = [0.9429]

Solución a la primera iteración

𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟐𝟗∠ − 𝟒. 𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟑 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒. 𝟏𝟔𝟕𝟎
SEGUNDA ITERACION
1. Condiciones iniciales
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟐𝟗∠ − 𝟒. 𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟑 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒. 𝟏𝟔𝟕𝟎

2. Flow Load Equation

𝑃2 = 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21 ) + 𝑉22 𝑌22 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = −1.4105

𝑃3 = 𝑉3 𝑉1 𝑌31 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ31 ) + 𝑉3 𝑉2 𝑌32 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿2 −Ɵ32 ) + 𝑉32 𝑌33 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ33 ) = 0.9608
𝑄2 = 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21) + 𝑉22 𝑌22 𝑠𝑒𝑛(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = −0.6711

3. Variaciones de potencia
∆𝑃2 = 𝑃2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑃2 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => −1.5 − (−1.4105) = −0.0895
∆𝑃3 = 𝑃3 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑃3 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => 1 − (0.9608) = 0.0392
∆𝑄2 = 𝑄2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑄2 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => −0.8 − (−0.6711) = −0.1289

4. Aplicamos FDR

Ángulos

∆𝛿2 −𝐵 − 𝐵23 −1 ∆𝑃2 ⁄𝑉2

[ ] = [ 22 ] ∗[ ]
∆𝛿3 −𝐵32 − 𝐵33 ∆𝑃3 ⁄𝑉3
Radianes Grados
∆𝛿2 −1 ⁄
14 − 4 −0.0895 0.9429 −0.0063 −0.3633
[ ]=[ ] ∗[ ]=[ ] => [ ]
∆𝛿3 −4 9 0.0392⁄1 0.0015 0.0881
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
𝛿 2 −4.9483 1 −0.3633 −5.3116
[ 2] = [ ] +[ ]=[ ]
𝛿3 4.1670 0.0881 4.2551
Voltaje
[∆𝑉2 ] = [−𝐵22 ]−1 ∗ [∆𝑄2 ⁄𝑉2 ]

[∆𝑉2 ] = [14]−1 ∗ [−0.1289⁄0.9429] = [−0.0098]

[𝑉2 ]2 = [0.9429]1 + [−0.0098] = [0.9331]

Solución a la segunda iteración

𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟑𝟏∠ − 𝟓. 𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟏

TERCERA ITERACION
1. Condiciones iniciales
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟑𝟏∠ − 𝟓. 𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟏

2. Flow Load Equation

𝑃2 = 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21 ) + 𝑉22 𝑌22 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = −1.4841

𝑃3 = 𝑉3 𝑉1 𝑌31 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ31 ) + 𝑉3 𝑉2 𝑌32 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿2 −Ɵ32 ) + 𝑉32 𝑌33 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ33 ) = 0.9913
𝑄2 = 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21) + 𝑉22 𝑌22 𝑠𝑒𝑛(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = −0.7818

3. Variaciones de potencia
∆𝑃2 = 𝑃2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑃2 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => −1.5 − (−1.4841) = −0.0159
∆𝑃3 = 𝑃3 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑃3 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => 1 − (0.9913) = 0.0087
∆𝑄2 = 𝑄2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑄2 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => −0.8 − (−0.7818) = −0.0182

4. Aplicamos FDR

Ángulos

∆𝛿2 −𝐵 − 𝐵23 −1 ∆𝑃2 ⁄𝑉2

[ ] = [ 22 ] ∗[ ]
∆𝛿3 −𝐵32 − 𝐵33 ∆𝑃3 ⁄𝑉3

Radianes Grados
∆𝛿2 −1
14 − 4 −0.0159⁄0.9331 −0.0011 −0.0618
[ ]=[ ] ∗[ ]=[ ] => [ ]
∆𝛿3 −4 9 0.0087⁄1 0.0005 0.0279

𝛿 3 −5.3116 2 −0.0618 −5.3734

[ 2] = [ ] +[ ]=[ ]
𝛿3 4.2551 0.0279 4.2830
Voltaje
[∆𝑉2 ] = [−𝐵22 ]−1 ∗ [∆𝑄2 ⁄𝑉2 ]
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA

[∆𝑉2 ] = [14]−1 ∗ [−0.0182⁄0.9331] = [−0.0014]

[𝑉2 ]3 = [0.9331]2 + [−0.0014] = [0.9317]

Solución a la tercera iteración

𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟕∠ − 𝟓. 𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟒 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒. 𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟎

CUARTA ITERACION
1. Condiciones iniciales
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟕∠ − 𝟓. 𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟒 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒. 𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟎

2. Flow Load Equation

𝑃2 = 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21 ) + 𝑉22 𝑌22 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = −1.4976

𝑃3 = 𝑉3 𝑉1 𝑌31 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ31 ) + 𝑉3 𝑉2 𝑌32 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿2 −Ɵ32 ) + 𝑉32 𝑌33 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ33 ) = 0.9985
𝑄2 = 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21) + 𝑉22 𝑌22 𝑠𝑒𝑛(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = −0.7972

3. Variaciones de potencia
∆𝑃2 = 𝑃2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑃2 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => −1.5 − (−1.4976) = −0.0025
∆𝑃3 = 𝑃3 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑃3 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => 1 − (0.9985) = 0.0015
∆𝑄2 = 𝑄2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑄2 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => −0.8 − (−0.7972) = −0.0028

4. Aplicamos FDR
Ángulos

∆𝛿2 −𝐵 − 𝐵23 −1 ∆𝑃2 ⁄𝑉2

[ ] = [ 22 ] ∗[ ]
∆𝛿3 −𝐵32 − 𝐵33 ∆𝑃3 ⁄𝑉3

Radianes Grados
∆𝛿2 −1 ⁄ −4 −3
14 − 4 −0.0025 0.9317
[ ]=[ ] ∗[ ] = [−1.6499𝑋10−5 ] = [−9.4535𝑋10−3 ]
∆𝛿3 −4 9 0.0015⁄1 9.3335𝑋10 5.3477𝑋10
𝛿 4 −5.3734 3 −3 −5.3828
[ 2] = [ ] + [−9.4535𝑋10−3 ] = [ ]
𝛿3 4.2830 5.3477𝑋10 4.2883
Voltaje
[∆𝑉2 ] = [−𝐵22 ]−1 ∗ [∆𝑄2 ⁄𝑉2 ]

[∆𝑉2 ] = [14]−1 ∗ [−0.0028⁄0.9317] = [−2.1466𝑋10−4 ]

[𝑉2 ]4 = [0.9317]3 + [−2.1466𝑋10−4 ] = [0.9315]

Solución a la cuarta iteración

𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟓∠ − 𝟓. 𝟑𝟖𝟐𝟖 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒. 𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟑
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
QUINTA ITERACION
1. Condiciones iniciales
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟕∠ − 𝟓. 𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟒 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒. 𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟎

2. Flow Load Equation

𝑃2 = 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21 ) + 𝑉22 𝑌22 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = −1.4994

𝑃3 = 𝑉3 𝑉1 𝑌31 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ31 ) + 𝑉3 𝑉2 𝑌32 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿3 − 𝛿2 −Ɵ32 ) + 𝑉32 𝑌33 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−Ɵ33 ) = 0.9990
𝑄2 = 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑌21 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿1 −Ɵ21) + 𝑉22 𝑌22 𝑠𝑒𝑛(−Ɵ22 ) + 𝑉2 𝑉3 𝑌23 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛿2 − 𝛿3 −Ɵ23 ) = −0.7993

3. Variaciones de potencia
∆𝑃2 = 𝑃2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑃2 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => −1.5 − (−1.4994) = −0.0006
∆𝑃3 = 𝑃3 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑃3 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => 1 − (0.9990) = 0.001
∆𝑄2 = 𝑄2 𝑒𝑠𝑝 − 𝑄2 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 => −0.8 − (−0.7993) = −0.0007

4. Aplicamos FDR
Ángulos

∆𝛿2 −𝐵 − 𝐵23 −1 ∆𝑃2 ⁄𝑉2

[ ] = [ 22 ] ∗[ ]
∆𝛿3 −𝐵32 − 𝐵33 ∆𝑃3 ⁄𝑉3

Radianes Grados
∆𝛿2 −1
14 − 4 −0.0006⁄0.9315 −5 −4
[ ]=[ ] ∗[ ] = [−1.6317𝑋10−4 ] = [−9.3605𝑋10−3 ]
∆𝛿3 −4 9 0.001⁄1 1.0385𝑋10 5.95017𝑋10
𝛿 5 −5.3828 4 −4 −5.3837
[ 2] = [ ] + [−9.3605𝑋10−3 ] = [ ]
𝛿3 4.2883 5.95017𝑋10 4.2893
Voltaje
[∆𝑉2 ] = [−𝐵22 ]−1 ∗ [∆𝑄2 ⁄𝑉2 ]

[∆𝑉2 ] = [14]−1 ∗ [−0.0007⁄0.9315] = [−0.0001]

[𝑉2 ]5 = [0.9315]4 + [−0.0001] = [0.9314]

Solución a la quinta iteración

𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟒∠ − 𝟓. 𝟑𝟖𝟑𝟕 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒. 𝟐𝟖𝟗𝟑
 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
METODO F.D.C.

1. Clasificación de nudos

NUDO TIPO DATOS INCOGNITA P especificada Q especificada

1 Slack V1δ1 PQ - -
2 PQ P2Q2 V2δ2 -1.5 -0,8
3 PV P3V3 Q3δ3 1 -
2. Condiciones iniciales
𝑉1 = 1∠0 𝑉2 = 1∠0 𝑉3 = 1∠0
3. Matriz de admitancias
1 1 1 1
( + ) −( ) −( )
𝑍𝐿12 𝑍𝐿13 𝑍𝐿12 𝑍𝐿13
1 1 1 1
𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = −( ) ( + ) −( )
𝑍𝐿12 𝑍𝐿12 𝑍𝐿23 𝑍𝐿23
1 1 1 1
−( ) −( ) ( + )
[ 𝑍𝐿13 𝑍𝐿23 𝑍𝐿13 𝑍𝐿23 ]
−15𝑗 10𝑗 5𝑗 15∠ − 90 10∠90 5∠90
𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = [ 10𝑗 −14𝑗 4𝑗 ] 𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = [ 10∠90 14∠ − 90 4∠90 ]
5𝑗 4𝑗 −9𝑗 5∠90 4∠90 9∠ − 90
4. Aplicamos F.D.C.

𝛿 −𝐵 − 𝐵23 −1 𝑃2
[ 2 ] = [ 22 ] ∗[ ]
𝛿3 −𝐵32 − 𝐵33 𝑃3
Radianes Grados
𝛿 −1
14 −4 −1.5 −0.0864 −4.9483
[ 2] = [ ] ∗[ ]=[ ]=[ ]
𝛿3 −4 9 1 0.072 4.1670
Solución al método F.D.C
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏∠𝟎 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟏∠ − 𝟒. 𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟑 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏∠𝟒. 𝟏𝟔𝟕𝟎

Flujo de potencia activa en el sistema

 INGENIERIA
ELECTRICA
Radianes Radianes
1 1
𝑃𝑘𝑚 = 𝑋 (𝛿𝑘 − 𝛿𝑚 ) 𝑃𝑚𝑘 = 𝑋 (𝛿𝑚 − 𝛿𝑘 )
𝑘𝑚 𝑚𝑘

Flujo de potencia activa en la línea 1-2 Flujo de potencia activa en la línea 2-1
1 1
𝑃1−2 = 1−2 (𝛿1 − 𝛿2 ) 𝑃2−1 = 2−1 (𝛿2 − 𝛿1 )
1 1
𝑃1−2 = 0.1 (0 − (−0.0864)) 𝑃2−1 = 0.1 (−0.0864 − 0)

𝑃1−2 = 0.8640 𝑃2−1 = −0.8640

Flujo de potencia activa en la línea 1-3 Flujo de potencia activa en la línea 3-1
1 1
𝑃1−3 = 1−3 (𝛿1 − 𝛿3 ) 𝑃3−1 = 3−1 (𝛿3 − 𝛿1 )
1 1
𝑃1−3 = 0.2 (0 − (0.072)) 𝑃3−1 = 0.2 (0.072 − 0)

𝑃1−3 = −0.3635 𝑃3−1 = 0.3635

Flujo de potencia activa en la línea 2-3 Flujo de potencia activa en la línea 3-2
1 1
𝑃2−3 = 2−3 (𝛿2 − 𝛿3 ) 𝑃3−2 = 3−2 (𝛿3 − 𝛿2 )
1 1
𝑃2−3 = 0.25 (−0.0864 − 0.072) 𝑃3−2 = 0.25 (0.072 − (−0.0864))

𝑃2−3 = −0.6364 𝑃3−2 = 0.6364