122. RHENE C.TABASEN AND ERLINDA B.

PULMA

his lesson provides citizen rights, privileges and obligations as a member of the

political community.

At the end of the lesson, the students are able to:

1. Explain citizenship and avenues for citizen participation.

2. Distinguish the natural born from naturalized Filipino.

3. Enumerate the rights, privileges and obligations of citizens.

Citizenship

Concept of Citizenship

Citizen

A member of a democratic community who enjoys full civil and political rights and is

accorded protection inside and outside the territory of the State. Citizens may be re-

garded by all nations either born in their territories or born of their citizens, or it could

be both.

Citizenship

It Denotes membership of a citizen in a political society which membership implies,

reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the part of the members and duty of protection on

the part of the state.

Acquisition of Citizenship

Involuntary method

By birth because of blood relationship (jus sanguinis) or place of birth (jus soli).

Membership in a nation is largely involuntary; that is most people initially become

citizens of a nation and subject to its rules without any deliberate choice or con-

scious act (Ranney, 1995).

Voluntary method

by naturalization

Naturalization as cited by De Leon (2014) is the act of formally adopting a for-

eigner into the political body of the state and clothing him with the rights and

privileges of citizenship. It is a voluntary method of acquiring citizenship by re-

nouncing his former citizenship and embracing a new one.

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

Obligations of Citizens

1. Loyalty or have a sense of patriotism

2. Obeys law.

3. Participation in political processes.

The following are Citizens of the Philippiner.

1. Those who are citizens of the Phili

2. Those whose fathers or mother

3. Those born on January 17, 1973.

he Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitutions

whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines

arv 17. 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship

on teaching the age of majority; and

ho are naturalized in accordance with law.

4. Those who are naturalized in a

Natural-Born Citizens

Are those who are citizens of the

are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any

acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship.

bine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law.

Two Ways of Losing Citizenship

1. Voluntarily

a. by naturalization in a foreign country

b. by express renunciation of citizenship

c. by supporting the constitution and laws of a foreign country

d. by rendering service to the armed forces of a foreign country

2. Involuntarily

a. by the cancelation of his certificate of naturalization by the court

b. by having been declared as a deserter in the Philippine armed forces in time of war.

Ways of Reacquiring Citizenship

a. by the repatriation of deserters of the Philippine armed forces

b. by a direct act of the Congress

c. by naturalization

zens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship unless by there

act or omission they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.

The Dual allegiance of citize

law.

al allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with by

124 · RHENE G. TABAIEN AND ERLINDA B. PULMA

Note: What Section 5 prohibits is not dual citizenship but dual allegiance.

Dual citizenship is a situation in which a person simultaneously owes, by some positive

act, loyalty to two or more states. It arises because our laws cannot control laws of

other countries on citizenship.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9225

Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003

"Natural-born citizens of the Philippines who have lost their Philippine citizenship because

of their naturalization as citizens of a foreign country are at this moment deemed to have

re-acquired Philippine citizenship upon taking the oath of allegiance to the Republic."

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCES

vistics of Good Governance (UNESCO for Asia and the Pacific)

Characteristics of a

Participation.

Participation as one the aspects

rake directly or indirectly (having a rer

because participation is an essen

he aspects of good governance, by both men and women, must par-

(having a representative) in every governmental process. This is

on is an essential cornerstone of good governance.

Rule of Law.

The rule of law means to say tha

fair legal framework such a124 · RHENE G. TABAIEN AND ERLINDA B. PULMA

Note: What Section 5 prohibits is not dual citizenship but dual allegiance.

Dual citizenship is a situation in which a person simultaneously owes, by some positive

act, loyalty to two or more states. It arises because our laws cannot control laws of

other countries on citizenship.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9225

Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003

"Natural-born citizens of the Philippines who have lost their Philippine citizenship because

of their naturalization as citizens of a foreign country are at this moment deemed to have
re-acquired Philippine citizenship upon taking the oath of allegiance to the Republic."

s the pror

especially those members of minorities.

that good governance manifested through the impartiality of

as the promotion of a full protection of human rights and dignity

means that decisions were taken, and their enforcement are done in a man-

d regulations. It also means that information is freely available and

Transparency.

Transparency means that decisi

ner that follows rules and regula

wortly accessible to those who will be affected by such decision

It also means that enough information in

standable forms and media.

uch information is provided and that it is provided in easily under-

Responsiveness.

Good governance requires that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders

within a reasonable timeframe.

Consensus oriented.

Good governance requires mediation of the different interests in society to reach a broad

consensus in society on what is in the best interest of the whole community and how this

can be achieved. It also requires a broad and long-term perspective on what is needed for

sustainable human development and how to achieve the goals of such development.

Effectiveness and efficiency.

Good governance means that processes and institutions produce results that meet the

needs of society while making the best use of resources at their disposal. The concept of
efficiency in the context of good governance also covers the sustainable use of natural re-

sources and the protection of the environment.

Accountability

Accountability is a crucial requirement for good governance. Not only governmental in-

stitutions but also the private sector and civil society organizations must be accountable to

the public and their institutional stakeholders.