Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
(Oil Processing)
Arranged By :
Bima Surya Samudra
Syahrofi Darham
First of all, we want to offer our gratitude to almighty god for all his
wisdom and gifts that he has given us, so that we may finish writing this paper
until it is finished. As for the purpose of this paper, entitled "how to process oil,"
is to fulfill the chemistry task.
Not to mention, we realized here that this paper still has a lot of drawbacks
and errors, so that we're really looking forward to Suggestions and constructive
criticisms to produce perfect and useful results for readers and writers. At the end
of the day, we'd like to thank you very much.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction…………………………………………………… 2
Table Of Contents…………………………………………….. 3
CHAPTER I PREFACE
A. Background Problem……………………………………… 4
B. Problem Formula………………………………………….. 4
C. Purpose……………………………………………………. 4
D. Advantage…………………………………………………. 5
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
A. Conclusion…………………………………………………. 13
B. Suggestion…………………………………………………. 13
C. Bibliography……………………………………………….. 14
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CHAPTER I
PREFACE
A. Background Problem
Oil is one of the most powerful sources of energy in human life. According
to the owem model, global oil demand in the middle term (2002-2010) is
expected to increase by 12 million barrels per day become 89 million barrels per
day Or grow average 1.8% per year. Whereas in the next period (2010-2020),
Demand went up to 106 million barrels per day with a growth of 17 million
barrels per day.
Not only for engine fuel, but oil is also used for cooking energy, even
candles are made from petroleum. Oil comes from plant and animal residue that
have died and been described by the soil, so that these natural resources are
slow to reform, hence to be classified as unsustainable natural resources.
Petroleum that humans are refining and utilizing such as oil, plastic, rubber, oil
fuel, bitumen, candles, pesticides, paint.)
Oil is a hydrocarbon compound. It is the basic characteristics and characteristics
of petroleum that determine what treatment to treat petroleum that will also
affect the products that result from its production. So knowledge of petroleum is
crucial, given that the most widely used natural resources is not negotiable so
we have to try to find an alternative and try to conserve this oil.
B. Problem Formula
1. How to process oil management?
2. What is a destilation method oil management?
3. What is a cracking method in oil management?
4. What is a Reforming method in oil management?
5. What are absolution and polymerization method in oil management?
6. What is a treating method in oil management?
7. What is a blending method in oil management?
C. Purpose
To fulfill the chemistry project and to deepen the material about the oil
management process.
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D. Advantage
To give the reader insight into how oil processing works.
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CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
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The evaporating crude oil of this destilation process goes up the top of
the column and is subsequently condensed at different temperatures.
Components with a higher boiling point will remain fluid and go down,
while the lower boiling point evaporates and rises to the top through
breeders called brewers of bubbles. Upwards, the temperature in the
fractionation column is decreasing, so that each higher boiling point
separated, whereas the lower boiling point rises to even higher levels. So
that the components that reach the top are those at room temperature in
the form of gas. This component of what is called petroleum gas, then
thawed and called LP (Liquified Petroleum).
Crude oil fractions that don't evaporate into residues. Petroleum
residue covers paraffin, wax, and asphalt. These residues have a carbon
chain of over 20.
Petroleum fractions derived from its range of boiling points include
the following:
1. Gas
Range of carbon chains: C1 to C5
Trayek boil: 0 to 50 Celcius
2. Gasoline
Range of carbon chains : C6 to C11
Trayek boil : 50 to 85 Celcius
3. Kerosene
Range of carbon chains : C12 to C20
Trayek boil : 85 to 105 Celcius
4. Solar
Range of carbon chains : C21 to C30
Trayek boil : 105 to 135 Celcius
5. Heavy Oil
Range of carbon chains : C31 to C40
Trayek boil : 135 to 300 Celcius
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6. Residue
Range of carbon chains : >C40
Trayek boil : >300 Celcius
Petroleum fractions of the multistory destilation process yet
possess qualities that match the needs of the community, so further
processing that includes the process of cracking, reforming,
polymerization, treating, and blending.
2) Cracking
After going through the destilation stage, each faction produced is
purified.
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1. The hot way (thermal cracking), that is with the use of high
temperatures and low pressure.
3) Reforming
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Reforming was a conversion from the less-quality molecular shape
of gasoline (a straight carbon chain) to better-quality gasoline (a carbon
chain branching off). Both types of gasoline have the same molecular
formula for the different structural forms. Thus, this process is also called
isomerization. Reforming done with using catalysts and heating.
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Polymerization is a process of combining small molecules into
large molecules. The usual reaction is as follows:
5) Treating
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5. Desulfurzing, that is, the process of eliminating sulfur elements.
6) Blending
Blending process is adding additives to petroleum fractions in order to
improve the quality of the product. Gasoline in various quality
requirements is the most widely used example of petroleum products in
diverse regions of weather. To meet the quality of good gasoline, there
are about 22 mixing ingredients that could be added to the processing
process.
Among the most popular mixture is the Tetra Ethyl Lead. TEL acts to
increase gasoline octane. If oil is to be achieved, then it is necessary to
increase additives in the production of oil. TEL addition can increase
octane, but it can lead to air pollution.
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CHAPTER III
FINALE
A. Conclusion
From the contents above, we can conclude that oil is one natural resource
with many benefits. Are formed from the various fossils described by the
earth. It's composed of alkana, alkenic, aromatic hydrocarbons, sikloalkana,
and a few other compounds. And then they are treated with a high-rise
destilation process to produce a wide range of products. But because it's such
a limited number that we need to save it. Coupled with the pollution from
burning the oil, which is not very green. As for some alternative natural
resources, if properly treated, would be no less oil.
B. Suggestion
The government should know how to manage oil with careful and
repeated.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://kimia.upi.edu/v1_01_2017/
http:// chem-is-try.org
http://inkorclass.blogspot.com/2014/05/makalah-pengolahan-minyak-bumi-
kimia.html
http://inkorclass.blogspot.com/2014/05/makalah-pengolahan-minyak-bumi-
kimia.html
https://www.slideshare.net/alspril/minyak-dan-gas-bumi-
34903499?next_slideshow=1
Chemistry Textbook for Grade 11th
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