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[TM-6362 Professional Elective 3- Tour Guiding]

1
[Week 1: Introduction in Tour Guiding]

Module 001: Origins, History and Evolution in


Tour Guiding

Course Learning Outcomes:


1. Discuss the changing roles of guides from different ages of Travel
2. Identify early motivations of travel that fostered the need for guiding
3. Discuss the contributions made by Thomas Cook to Tour Guiding

Tour Guiding is the one of the oldest professional of the world, it started evolutionally and
not revolutionary, from an Ancient Empire, the Middle Ages, The Renaissance and the Grand Tour
together with the Modern time of Tour Guide.

THE ANCIENT EMPIRE

The era of the great empires from 3000 B.C to 5000 A.D generated the travel, people traveled in
an organized manner , during the era of Greek Empire tourism flourished and the number of guides
increased.

Guides speak a language called “Periegetai” This help them to be in a better condition, citizens got
the chance to travel, many travelers continued to travel by land and sea. During the era the Greek
Empire, The first great travelers were the Greeks, the role of tour guide were willing to share the
findings of their discoveries and observations with the rest of the world, people influenced to travel
by this reasons:

 Festivals
 Shows
 Olympic Game

A large number of Roman visitors travelled to Greece because of its fabled mythology, its

monuments and its Olympic Games and other festivals. Hadrian, “the most widely travelled of the
Roman emperors” (Casson, 1994, p. 286) restored and enlarge, these encouraged the people to
prefer traveling.
Course Module
In ancient Rome, travelers increased in number, they were interested with the beach shore
where the Greek ships had been pulled up.

Historical origin of tourism Page & Connell (2009) notice in the ancient cultures
of the Greek and Roman social elite stating that “these early tourists pursued pleasure and
relaxation in regions away from the main towns and cities, they epitomize modern-day tourism:
the pursuit of pleasure in a location away from everyday life and the use of one’s leisure time for
non-work purposes”

MIDDLE AGE

It is also called Dark Age. The fall of Rome led to the decline of trade and the economy in
general and decrease in the desire to travel, in this stage people delayed to travel due to the
economic crisis, despite of economic slump other groups were still travel mainly reasons were:

Religious issues. In the Middle world, many thousands of people travelled to sites of
religious importance such as the temple of Isis on Philae Island in Egypt and the sanctuary of
Apollo at Delphi in Greece. Although the majority of these people travelled to these sites to
worship and therefore have often been labelled as ‘pilgrims’, seem to have engaged in activities
that are more commonly associated with the modern day tourist (Stark, 2009, p. 10). The
majority of pilgrimage trips in Greece in the Middle age were made by individuals who,
for various reasons, visited a particular holy sites.

Holiday primarily for the upper and the middle classes to such places as Canterbury,
Winchester and Walsingham

Trade related trips, the first people who left of their own will were merchants. Trips made for
commercial, that is, trading reasons have been long-established, with some ancient traveller

Both upper class and religious Pilgrimages encountered with the security and robbery
impact along the way were very common, so those made pilgrimage were very afraid to travel
lonely, there was need to have many Tour Guides so as to direct the visitors who are not familiar
to across the borders, Tour Guides were in a good hope and were paid an awesome wages in this
stage
[TM-6362 Professional Elective 3- Tour Guiding]
3
[Week 1: Introduction in Tour Guiding]

According to Cosson, one of the historian said ‘‘A guide was paid a large fee because he is
not only led the way but also generated safe to the travelers” eventually Tour Guide begun to be
suitable and acceptable job.

TOUR GUIDE WITH THE GROUP

THE RENAISSANCE AND THE GRAND TOUR

The beginning of the Middle Ages that would eventually lead to the period known as the
Renaissance, the perspective of tour guide was very much consolidated during this stage, it was
this period that people of the upper classes traveled from Britain on the Grand Tour, the image of
tour guide developed tremendously among the cities

The fragmented feudal society of the Middle Ages was transformed into one increasingly
dominated by central political institutions, had an urban and commercial economy, and had lay
patronage of education, the arts, and music.

Security was a major challenge yet as it was for travelers during the Middle Ages, some of
tour guides also failed to accomplish their expectation, they also worry against robberies on the
journey while they were impressed with job

Course Module
Upper class people hired Guides in traveling at the other destination, it is believable that,
they wanted to be safe and to be controlled by tour guide against any dangerous factors that might
threat the visitors

The tour guides at this period had the role to show the travelers the changes occurred since
Middle age based on Architectural and Urbanization

MODERN AGE

In 17 to 18 century most of travelers who traveled within the New World were explores rather than
leisure travelers, the first travelers were ordinary often Indigent explorers who traveled a lot to seek a
new life, to travel from the origin land was very much practiced, finding otheinhabitant, this influenced
by trading activities and seeking for conducive life condition Ultimately, escaping from the original land
was very common. But, there were some limitations hindered others to travel these are

 Long distance
 Time
 Inadequate of money
 Transportation network

Some scholars like Charles Dickens and Alexis their objectives were to explore the country and write
about the country they visited therefore, tour guide profession started to be well recognized world wide
to the currently

In conclusion, Although from the perspective of today’s tourism it seems that the ancient period, Middle
and Grand period were not appeared to be “the most appropriate time to consider the emergence of
tourism” (Vukonic, 2012.), it gave birth to the trips and tour guide motivated engaging in the field, the
development of tour guide was not revolution process, it is evolution since An ancient time, Middle,
Renaissance and Modern time with the great role of Thomas Cook, the role of Thomas Cook in the
evolution of Tour Guide should not underestimated

References and Supplementary Materials


[TM-6362 Professional Elective 3- Tour Guiding]
5
[Week 1: Introduction in Tour Guiding]

Online Supplementary Reading Materials


1. Techniques in Tour Guiding 2018;
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/pauliuslaiminga/techniques-in-tour-guiding-
2018-by-paul-olola; October 02, 2019

Course Module

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