I.

T Training Manual
For
Medical Health Professional

Prepared by: M.A.REHMAN MASUD BUTT

 Contents
Objective ................................................................................................................................................. 1
Section One Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 1
Section Two Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 1
Section Three Objectives..................................................................................................................... 1
Information Technology.......................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 2
Software .............................................................................................................................................. 2
System Software ................................................................................................................................. 2
Application Software ........................................................................................................................... 2
Hardware............................................................................................................................................. 3
System Unit / CPU ............................................................................................................................... 3
Storage Devices ................................................................................................................................... 4
Where Computer Might Be More Appropriate Than People.............................................................. 4
Hazards of Computer Usage ............................................................................................................... 4
OPERATING SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction of WINDOWS 8.1 ............................................................................................................ 5
The Start Screen .................................................................................................................................. 5
User Account ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Swtich User.......................................................................................................................................... 6
Desktop ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Taskbar ................................................................................................................................................ 7
System Information............................................................................................................................. 7
This Pc & My Computer....................................................................................................................... 7
Control Panel ....................................................................................................................................... 9
User Accounts.................................................................................................................................. 9
Program and Feature ...................................................................................................................... 9
Device Manager............................................................................................................................... 9
Windows Defender.......................................................................................................................... 9
Network and Sharing Center ........................................................................................................... 9
Multi -Tasking .................................................................................................................................... 10
Word 2013 ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Get Started ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Title Bar ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Ribbons .......................................................................................................................................... 11
 Status Bar ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Template ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Working with Documents ................................................................................................................. 11
Rulers................................................................................................................................................. 12
Section Break .................................................................................................................................... 12
Font ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Paragraph .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Styles ................................................................................................................................................. 14
Table of Content................................................................................................................................ 14
Cover Page ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Table .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Picture ............................................................................................................................................... 15
Text & Symbols.................................................................................................................................. 15
Word Art & Drop Cap ........................................................................................................................ 16
Page Layout ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Footnote and Endnote ...................................................................................................................... 16
Cross-reference ................................................................................................................................. 16
Comments ......................................................................................................................................... 17
Proofing ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Save As .............................................................................................................................................. 17
Recommended Task .......................................................................................................................... 18
EndNote ................................................................................................................................................ 19
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Getting Started .................................................................................................................................. 19
Create a New Library ......................................................................................................................... 19
EndNote Interface ............................................................................................................................. 20
Google Scholar .................................................................................................................................. 21
Export Reference............................................................................................................................... 22
PowerPoint 2013................................................................................................................................... 23
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 23
First Look ........................................................................................................................................... 23
Slide Layout ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Slide Design ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Animations ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Transitions ......................................................................................................................................... 24
Content.............................................................................................................................................. 24
 Action setting .................................................................................................................................... 25
Charts ................................................................................................................................................ 25
Smart Art ........................................................................................................................................... 25
Groups Object Animation .................................................................................................................. 26
SLIDE SHOW ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Custom show ..................................................................................................................................... 26
ADD MOVIE / SOUND EFFECTS ......................................................................................................... 26
Recommended Task .......................................................................................................................... 27
e-LogBook ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 28
Login Page ......................................................................................................................................... 28
First Look ........................................................................................................................................... 29
Profile Information ............................................................................................................................ 30
Registration Info ............................................................................................................................... 30
Rotation Info ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Training ............................................................................................................................................. 31
Rotational Training ............................................................................................................................ 32
Journal Club ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Paper / Poster Presented.................................................................................................................. 33
Paper Published in PMDC – Approved Journal, Int: Journal............................................................. 34
CPSP e‐Log Book History: .................................................................................................................. 34
MAKE A NEW ENTRY ......................................................................................................................... 35
Rotational Training Entry .................................................................................................................. 37
Journal Club Entry ............................................................................................................................. 38
Paper / Poster Presented Entry......................................................................................................... 38
Paper Published in PMDC-Approved Journal / Int. Journal .............................................................. 39
Prospectus, Workshop Material &e-certificate ................................................................................ 39
Reports .............................................................................................................................................. 40
Synopsis / Dissertation Status ........................................................................................................... 40
Introduction to SPSS ............................................................................................................................. 41
OVER VIEW OF SPSS .......................................................................................................................... 41
SCREEN ELEMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 42
Variable View .................................................................................................................................... 43
Defining Variable: .............................................................................................................................. 43
Variable Name:.................................................................................................................................. 43
VARIABLE TYPE, WIDTH & DECIMAL PLACES .................................................................................... 43
VARIABLE LABEL ................................................................................................................................ 45
Variable Values:................................................................................................................................. 45
Missing Values................................................................................................................................... 46
ALLIGNEMENTS: ................................................................................................................................ 47
MEASURE: ......................................................................................................................................... 48
ENTER THE DATA ............................................................................................................................... 49
ENTERING DATA IS A SIMPLE PROCESS ............................................................................................. 50
SAVING DATA FILE ............................................................................................................................. 51
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................... 52
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS ................................................................................................................... 53
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OUTPUT WINDOW DISPLAY: ..................................................................... 54
FREQUENCY TABLE ............................................................................................................................ 54
CHARTS .............................................................................................................................................. 55
FREQUENCIES OUTPUT WINDOW DISPLAY....................................................................................... 55
RECODE IN TO DIFFERENT VARIABLE ................................................................................................ 56
APPEAR OLD AND NEW VALUES WINDOW ....................................................................................... 57
VARIABLE VIEW & VALUE LABELS TYPE: ........................................................................................... 58
CROSS TAB ......................................................................................................................................... 59
CROSSTABS OUTPUT WINDOW DISPLAY .......................................................................................... 59
SELECT CASES .................................................................................................................................... 60
SPILT THE SEVERE SELECT CASES....................................................................................................... 61
SHOW SPILT FILE ACCORDING TO SEVERE PATIENT ......................................................................... 62
REVIEW QUESTIONS .......................................................................................................................... 62
RECOMMENDED TASK (TUTORIAL NO.1) ........................................................................... 63
 1

Objective
The Main objective of this training manual is to equip medical professionals with the Computer skills,
so that they can work independently on different Computer Programs such as Microsoft Office,
EndNote SPSS and e-Logbook etc. Book is equipped with Task oriented activities which enables the
Post graduates to improve their skills to operate computers professionally.

The Book is divided into three different Sections, each Section covers specific set of objectives as given
below.

Section One Objectives

In this section we have started our discussion from the scratch, means with the definition of Computer
and section one is again classified into two sub sections.

The first section covers the Electronic medical records (EMRs) are a digital version of the paper charts
in the clinician's office. An EMR contains the medical and treatment history of the patients in one
practice. EMRs have advantages over paper records

The second section covers the definition and functions of a long essay or dissertation involving
personal research, written by a candidate for a Postgraduate degree

After completing this section successfully, one can understand the basic terminologies used of
computer science in medical field.

Section Two Objectives

After the successful completion of Section one, we assume that trainees are fully aware about the
Basics of I.T and Documentations, in this section we will lead the trainees in little bit advance level.
Following are the main objectives of section two:

 Understanding of references.
 How to add reference’s using Endnote and Google Scholar.
 Understanding the main elements of Power Point
 Data Present using different layouts.
 Display of Data in a sequential way.

After completing this section, trainees can independently not only make the Presentation properly
but also deliver their message in the understandable form.

Section Three Objectives

After the successful completion of both session, we assume that trainees are fully aware about the
Data used in references and presentations, and then the last session is comprising on statistical
analyzing and Cloud Computing like e-logbook and Online Form Submission.

 User know the Data Distributions using Statistical Software.

 Comparing of Data using Test.
 Maintained their medical data in CPSP e-logbook safe and secure environment.
 Using email as cloud data storage for globally accessing.

After Completion of this session we assume that now trainee can easily understand the statistical
analyzing on their data using Computer Software and also save medical practice record in a cloud
computing form.

Information Technology
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Introduction

Information Technology (IT) is a new technology applied to the creation, storage, selection,
transformation and distribution of information of many kinds. It has been defined differently by
different people. IT, as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is "the
study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based
information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware." It deals with the use
of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and
retrieve information, securely.

Software
Software is the set of electronic instructions that make the hardware functional & Provides the facility
to perform different operation/functions, for example when you type words via keyboard, the
software is responsible for displaying the correct letters, in the correct place on the screen.

System Software
Electronic instructions purely designed to activate the hardware, control all the parts of computer and
keep log of device that are attached with computer system, operating system are the best example of
system software.

Application Software
Application software are the programs designed to perform specified task, such as paper drafting
creating presentations, perform calculations, drawings, paintings, browsing e.t.c each and every task
can be addressed by spate program.

What can be done with general purpose application software Is only limited by imagination of the
user. Example of general purpose application software are word processing software, spread sheet
programs, presentations programs etc.
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Hardware
All the physical parts of computer are known as hardware such as Motherboard, Ram, USB, Monitor,
Mouse, Keyboard, Scanner, Printer, Speaker, and Video Camera etc. hardware divided in the following
categories:

1. Input Devices: Devices used to input the data into computer.

2. Output Devices: Devices used to get result on a screen as soft copy.

System Unit / CPU

Computer System Unit Some time is also termed as CPU (Central Processing Unit) Contains many parts.
Basically it control the Input and Output devices.

 Motherboard: the main circuit board of a computer sometimes it is also termed as the main
board and system board or mother board. Motherboard basically provides the interface
facility between different computer components.
 Processor: The Processor is one of the most important components within the computer. It
determines how fast your computer will run and its frequency is measured in kilo Hertz, Mega
Hertz, & Giga Hertz.
 RAM: Random Access Memory is called the primary memory or temporary memory of
computer. All the running programs information is copied in the RAM. Memory
measurements of RAM can be done in KB, MB and GB etc.
 Ports and Connectors: As we have discussed above that motherboard provides connectivity
for different hardware components. Each device is plugged in separate port. Generally unique
ports are given for every hardware component with color or pins matching technique. USB,
PS/2, HDMI, VGA, DVI, LPT, RJ45 Socket etc. are the example of ports.
 4

Storage Devices
A data storage device is a device for recording (storing) information (data).
Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy, spanning from
manual muscle power in handwriting, to acoustic vibrations in
phonographic recording, to electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic
tape and optical discs. The information/Data is always measure in bytes
like KB, MB, GB, TB etc. example of Storage device are HARD DISK, DVD-
RW ROM and USB disk (Data Traveler).

Measurement of Data storage

bit (b) 0 or 1 1/8 of a byte
byte (B) 8 bits 1 byte
kilobyte (KB) 10001 bytes 1,000 bytes
megabyte (MB) 10002 bytes 1,000,000 bytes
gigabyte (GB) 10003 bytes 1,000,000,000 bytes
terabyte (TB) 10004 bytes 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
petabyte (PB) 10005 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
exabyte (EB) 10006 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
zettabyte (ZB) 10007 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
yottabyte (YB) 10008 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
Where Computer Might Be More Appropriate Than People
Beyond the fact that computers play pivotal role in our general lives, there are some areas where it is
pretty difficult for human to perform different functions. Following are the main areas where
computes can perform more efficiently than human beings.

1. Repetitive task:
It is human nature that repetitive jobs can result boringness, while computer can perfroms
same set of instructions repeatedly in way as first instruction was performed.
2. Complex Mathematical Calculation
Computer are ideally designed to perform mathematical calculations. Before the use of
computers accountants used to work manually, create spread sheets and perform text
compositions manually. On a large array of values different operations were being performed,
such as addition, subtraction, division & multiplication etc, after final calculations if any
change were made in the list of values, accountant need to re-apply the calculations manually.
But after the use of computer almost all spread sheet program have the re-calculation ability.

Hazards of Computer Usage

Many People think that PC’s Starve families of quality time together. Health reports show PC’s can be
attributed to bad health; attracting people to stay indoors, sitting in a chair, in front of a monitor, most
of the day there has been a study showing that spending all their time sitting in a chair, staring at a
monitor can be unhealthy. Following are the few health problems caused by excessive use of
computers.

1. Repetitive strain injury:

Repetitive strain injury (RSI), also known as cumulative trauma Disorder(CTD), Occupational
overuse syndrome, non-specific arm pain or work related upper limb disorder(WRULD), is a
diagnosis used for hand and arm pain that is believed to be caused by chronic misuse of these
body parts, for instance while using a computer on the job. Conditions such as RSI tend to be
associated with both physical and psychosocial stressors.
2. Glare is difficulty seeing n the presence of bright light while sitting sufficient time before the
monitor screen there is possibility of glare. It is good practice to spend few minutes to set the
 5

monitor resolution, windows themes or back ground and fore ground colors which suits yours
eye sight.

Bad Posture: Bad posture sitting may also cause different sorts of back problems. The standard way
to operate the computer is that set the monitor screen at eye level that can be adjusted to suit you.

OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software resources and
provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is an essential component
of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating
system to function.

Type of Operating System

1. Single – and multi-user

2. Distributed
3. Templated
4. Embedded
Real-time

In this section we study Microsoft Operating System WINDOWS 8.1 (Multi-User System)

Introduction of WINDOWS 8.1

Windows 8.1 is designed to be compatible with the hardware, software, and peripherals you already
own. And always-enabled updates help you stay current on features and security for the supported
lifetime of your device.

The Start Screen

Start is the heart of your PC—it’s where you open
apps and desktop programs, see what your friends
are doing, and get to your favorite websites and files.
Just click Key and type the application
name.
 6

User Account
A user account is a collection of information that tells Windows which files
and folders you can access, what changes you can make to the computer,
and your personal preferences, such as your desktop background or screen
saver. User accounts let you share a computer with several people, while
having your own files and settings. Each person accesses his or her user
account with a user name and password.

There are three types of accounts. Each type gives users a different level
of control over the computer:

• Standard accounts are for everyday computing.

• Administrator accounts provide the most control over a computer, and should only be
used when necessary.
• Guest accounts are intended primarily for people who need temporary use of a computer.

Swtich User
If you have more than one user account on your computer, Fast User
Switching is an easy way for another person to log on to the computer
without logging you off or closing your programs and files. For instructions
on creating user accounts, see Create a user account.

1. Click the Start button Picture of the Start button, and then
click the arrow next to the Shut Down button Picture of the
Shut Down button.

2. Click Switch User.

3. Press Ctrl+Alt+Delete, and then click the user you want to switch to.

Desktop
In the desktop, you can use all kinds of apps and
programs—from specialized software to any of the apps
from the Windows Store. You can pin your favorite apps
and programs to your taskbar so you can get to them
quickly, and you can also personalize the desktop with
different shortcuts, backgrounds, colors, and themes.

No matter how you want to use your PC, you can switch
quickly between apps, windows, and Start screen right
from the desktop

Press Windows logo key + D on your keyboard.

 7

Taskbar
The taskbar is where you can
switch between apps you have
open and can pin apps you use
often so you can open them right from the desktop.

You can typically find the taskbar at the bottom of the

desktop, but you can get to it from anywhere on your PC by
moving your mouse pointer below the bottom edge of the
screen. Press and hold the app's taskbar button and slide
your finger up until a menu appears. (If you're using a mouse,
right-click the app button on the taskbar.)

Tap or click Pin this program to taskbar. The app you pinned
will stay on your taskbar even after you close the app.

System Information
You can view a summary of important info about your PC by
opening System in Control Panel. You can see basic hardware
info, such as your PC's name, and you can also change important
system settings.

Open System by swiping in from the right edge of the screen,

tapping Search (or if you're using a mouse, pointing to the upper-
right corner of the screen, moving the mouse pointer down, and
then clicking Search), entering System in the search box, and
tapping or clicking System.

This Pc & My Computer

The Computer location is now called "This PC," and you can still use the Documents, Music, Pictures,
and Videos folders to save your files. You just browse to these folders differently in File Explorer. To
browse the locations on your PC, including the folders that used to appear under "Libraries," expand
This PC in the left pane
 8

File Explorer (previously called Windows Explorer) helps you work with files and folders on your
OneDrive, PC, and network.

1. Left pane Use the left pane to get to all kinds of locations: your OneDrive, folders on your PC,
devices and drives connected to your PC, and other PCs on your network. Tap or click a
location to view its contents in the file list, or tap or click an arrow to expand a location in the
left pane.

2. Back, forward, and Up buttons Use the Back button to go back to the last location or search
results you were viewing, and the Forward button to return to the next location or search
results. Use the Up button to open the location where the folder you're viewing is saved.

3. Ribbon Use the ribbon for common tasks, such as copying and moving, creating new folders,
emailing and zipping items, and changing the view. The tabs change to show extra tasks that
apply to the selected item. For example, if you select This PC in the left pane, the ribbon shows
different tabs than it would if you select your Pictures folder. If you don't see the ribbon, tap
or click the Expand the Ribbon button in the upper right or press Ctrl+F1.

4. Address bar Use the address bar to enter or select a location. Tap or click a part of the path
to go to that level, or tap or click at the end of the path to select the path for copying.

5. File List this is where the contents of the current folder are displayed. It's also where your
search results appear when you enter a search term in the search box

6. Column headings In Details view, you can use the column headings to change how the files in
the file list are organized. For example, you can tap or click the Date modified heading to sort
by date (with the files you worked on most recently at the top). If you tap or click the column
heading again, the files are sorted with the oldest ones at the top. Press and hold or right-click
a column heading to select other columns to add. To learn how to switch to Details view, see
the next section, "Change the view."

7. Search box Enter a word or phrase in the search box to look for an item in the current folder.
The search begins as soon as you begin typing—so if you enter "B," for example, all the files
with names starting with the letter B will appear in the file list.

8. Status bar Use the status bar to quickly see the total number of items in a location, or the
number of selected items and their total size

9. Details/Preview pane Use the details pane to see the most common properties associated
with the selected file. File properties provide more detailed info about a file, such as the
author, the date you last changed the file, and any descriptive tags you might have added to
the file. If you don’t see the details pane, tap or click the View tab, and then tap or click Details
pane.

Use the preview pane to see the contents of a file, such as an Office document, without
opening it in an app. If you don’t see the preview pane, tap or click the View tab, and then tap
or click Preview pane.
 9

Hidden files

Hidden file help you to view your hide file in your data.
First click on This PC and select View tab then click on
option and then click on view tab to view the options.

 Normal file
o It show only normal hidden file.
 System files
o This option is use when you want to
show your USB drive date which is
hidden by virus.

You can hide your file by right click on folder and select
properties and check option.

Control Panel
For open control click on windows key on your keyboard
and type control panel. It allow you to control the all
administrative option in windows but it’s necessary to
login as administrator user. You can easily search your
required option in search bar show at right top just type
the name of the function and click on it.

Example:

User Accounts
A user account is a collection of information that tells
Window which files and folders you can access, what
changes you can make to the computer, and your personal
preferences, such as your desktop background or screen
saver. User accounts let you share a computer with several
people, while having your own files and settings. Each
person accesses his or her user account with a user name
and password. e.g. (Guest User and Administrative Users)

Program and Feature

In program and feature option you can properly delete the install application on your computer.

Device Manager
Device Manager is use for control the system hardware example update, install, disable and enable
your hardware driver.

Windows Defender
This is the built-in windows antivirus to control and maintain your windows this software has free
updates and lite result. But it is only available in windows 8 and later versions. For windows seven you
can download free antivirus of Microsoft name WINDOWS ESSENTIAL SECURITY from website.

Network and Sharing Center

This option is use to check your network connectivity and sharing. IPv4 is use for static and dynamic
IP.
 10

Multi -Tasking
Microsoft windows allow to use multiple application on single desktop you can minimize the
application and use different application.

Microsoft window give you the access to split the screen in multi applications start to Applications and
then Press + hold key and then press Key and then click on second application and again
revise this steps but at this time press left key.

Microsoft®
Word 2013
Introduction
When you use a computer program to create, edit, and format text documents, you are performing a
task known as word processing. Part of the Microsoft Office 2013 suite of pro-grams, Microsoft Word
2013 is one of the most sophisticated word-processing programs available. By using Word, it is easy
to efficiently create a wide range of business and personal documents, from the simplest letter to the
most complex report. Word includes many desktop publishing features that you can use to enhance
the appearance of documents so that they are visually appealing and easy to read.

You can use Word to:

▪ Create professional-looking documents that incorporate impressive graphics.

▪ Give documents a consistent look by applying styles and themes that control the font,
size, color, and effects of text and the page background.

▪ Store and reuse pre-formatted elements such as cover pages and sidebars.

▪ Create personalized mailings to multiple recipients without repetitive typing.

▪ Make information in long documents accessible by compiling tables of contents,

indexes, and bibliographies.

▪ Coauthor documents with team members.

▪ Safeguard documents by controlling who can make changes and the types of changes
that can be made, as well as by removing personal and confidential information
 11
Title Bar
Get Started
To start Microsoft word just click
on start button and type word you
will see the icon just click on it
and Microsoft word appear as you Ribbon
see on right side image.

Title Bar
At the top of Program window, this
bar displays the name of the active
document and provides tools for Status Bar
managing the program and the
program window
Ribbons
Below the title bar. All the commands for
working with a Word document are
gathered together in this central location
so that you can work efficiently with the
program.

Status Bar
Across the bottom of the program window,
this bar displays information about the
current document and provides access to
certain program functions.

Template
In Microsoft office you can easily create your document by
selecting different template just click file and then click new you
see this window where you can select your required template.
Example Article, journal, letter, etc.

Working with Documents

Creating a New Document

When Word initially starts, a blank document appears on the screen. To create a new blank document,
you-
-must use a series of commands.
To create a new blank document:
• Click File, click New, click Blank document, and then click Create
 12

Rulers
The horizontal and vertical rulers in Word are often used to align
text, graphics, tables, and other elements in a document.

To view the horizontal ruler across the top of your Word document
and the vertical ruler along the left edge of your document, you
must be in Print Layout view.

To show or hide the horizontal and vertical rulers, click View Ruler
at the top of the vertical scroll

Section Break
Let’s say you want to use different page numbers or
number formats and styles in different parts of your
document, such as i, ii, iii…for the introduction and
table of contents and 1, 2, 3… for everything after. The
trick is to divide the document into sections and to
make sure those sections aren’t linked.

Click at the very beginning of the first page where you

want to start, stop, or change the page numbering.

1. Under Page Layout, in the Page Setup group,

click Breaks > Next Page.

2. On the page after the section break,

double-click the header or footer area to
open the Design tab under Header & Footer
Tools.
3. In the Navigation group, click Link to
Previous to turn it off.

Note Headers and footers are linked separately,

so if your page number is in the header, turn off
linking for headers. If your page number is in the
footer, turn off linking for footers.

1. In the Header & Footer group, click

Page Number and then pick a location
and a style.
 13

To choose a format or to control the starting number, in the Header & Footer group, click Page
Number > Format Page Numbers.

Click the Number format or the Start at number that you want to
use, and then click OK.

When you’re done, double-click anywhere outside the header or

footer area to close it, or click the Close Header and Footer button.

.
 14

Font Font face Font Size

Change Case

The Font tab in the Word 2013 Font dialog box contains
many commands for formatting text, including some that
you can’t access from the Font group on the Home tab. For
example, you can also add effects such as shadows and
embossing, and preview the results before you apply them.
Super script
Paragraph Font color

Quickly indent lines of text to precise locations from the

left or right margin with the horizontal ruler. Indent the Multi-Level Bullets
Show/hide
Paragraph
first line of a paragraph (called a first-line indent) as books
do to distinguish paragraphs. Indent the second and
subsequent lines of a paragraph from the left margin Bullets

(called a hanging indent) to create a properly formatted

bibliography. Indent the entire paragraph any amount
from the left and right margins (called left indents and
right indents) to separate quoted passages. Alignment Line and Paragraph Spacing

Styles
Microsoft Office Word 2013 makes it easy to benefit from
styles without having to know much about them.
However, you may want to know how styles work behind
the scenes, or you may want to know what's new with
styles in Office Word 2013.

Table of Content
You create a table of contents by choosing the heading styles 1
— for example, Heading 1, Heading 2, and Heading 3 — that 2
you want to include in the table of contents. Microsoft Office
Word searches for headings that match the style that you
chose, formats and indents the entry text according to the 3
heading style, and then inserts the table of contents into the
document.

Microsoft Office Word 2007 provides a gallery of automatic

table of contents styles. Mark the table of contents entries,
and then click the table of contents style that you want from
the gallery of options. Office Word 2007 automatically
creates the table of contents from the headings that you
marked.
 15

Cover Page
Microsoft Word offers a gallery of convenient predesigned cover 1
pages. Choose a cover page and replace the sample text with your 2
own. You can easily remove it on any time just click on the same option
at this time select second last option remove current cover page.
3
1. On the Insert tab, in the Pages group, click Cover Page.

2. Click a cover page layout from the gallery of options.

After you insert a cover page, you can replace the sample text with
your own text by clicking to select an area of the cover page, such as
the title, and typing your text.

Table
In Microsoft Office Word 2013, you can insert a table by choosing
from a selection of preformatted tables — complete with sample
data — or by selecting the number of rows and columns that you
want. You can insert a table into a document, or you can insert one
table into another table to create a more complex table.

You can use table templates to insert a table that

is based on a gallery of preformatted tables.
Table templates contain sample data to help you
visualize what the table will look like when you
add your data.

You will need to know where the Design and

Layout Table Tools contextual tabs are when
working on the design and structural layout of a
table. The Design and Layout tabs are only visible after you have clicked inside of a table, and appear
at the top of the screen on the ribbon

Picture
As always, when you want to edit a picture or any
element place in a Word document, you can click on it
and the appropriate tab will appear on the Ribbon.

With pictures, that tab is “Picture Tools.” Here we see

you can make all kinds of corrections to the picture on-
the-fly. For example, you can correct brightness and
contrast, the color, add a border.

Where you position and how you wrap text will also
play a large role in formatting your picture.

Text & Symbols

A text box is an object that you can add to your 2007 Microsoft Office
system document to emphasize or set off text.

You can use the Symbol dialog box to insert symbols, such as ¼ and
©, or special characters, such as an em dash (—) or ellipsis (…) that
are not on your keyboard, as well as Unicode characters
 16

Word Art & Drop Cap

WordArt is a gallery of text styles that you can add to your 2013 Microsoft
Office system documents to create decorative effects, such as shadowed
or mirrored (reflected) text. In Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007, you can
also convert existing text into WordArt.

They can then change the font type and apply other font
formatting options, such as adding a font color. Open your
document in Word 2007, and then click in the paragraph where
you want to add a drop cap. On the Insert tab, in the Text group,
click Drop Cap, and then click Dropped or In margin.

Page Layout
You can use section breaks to change the layout or formatting
of a page or pages in your document. For example, you can lay
out part of a single-column page as two columns. You can
separate the chapters in your document so that the page
numbering for each chapter begins at 1. You can also create a
different header or footer for a section of your document.

Footnote and Endnote 2

Footnotes and endnotes are used in printed documents to explain, 3
comment on, or provide references for text in a document. You
might use footnotes for detailed comments and endnotes for
citation of sources.

Note : If you want to create a bibliography, you can find commands 1

for creating and managing sources and citations on the References
tab in the Citations & Bibliography group.
4

Cross-reference
A cross-reference refers to an item that appears in another
location in a document. For example, you can mention "Figure 1" 4
2 3
in your document and refer the reader to the figure's location
elsewhere in the document. By default, Word inserts a cross-
1
reference as a hyperlink that you can click to be taken directly to
the cross-referenced item.
5
You can create cross-references to items such as
headings, footnotes, bookmarks, captions, and 3
numbered paragraphs. If you add or remove content 2
that causes the referenced item to move, you can
update the cross-reference. 1 4

6
5
 17

Comments
You can insert a comment inside balloons that
2
appear in the document margins. You can also
hide comments from view. 3

If you don't want comments to appear in your

document during a review, you must clear
your document of comments by deleting
them. To find out whether comments remain
in your document, click Show Markup on the
1 4
Review tab in the Tracking group.

Proofing
Every language version of Microsoft Office
includes proofing tools, such as dictionaries and
1
grammar rules, for more than one language. To
see which languages are included with each 2
version of Microsoft Office 2010, see Office 2010
suites: localized versions. If your version of
Microsoft Office does not include a language that
you want to use, you might want to get a
Microsoft Office language pack. For more information, see Determine if you need a language
pack or language interface pack.

Save As
You can use the Office programs to save
your files as PDFs so you can share your
files or print your files using commercial
printers. And you won’t need any other
software or add-ins.

Important After you’ve saved a file as a

PDF, you can’t convert it back to an Office
file format without specialized software
or a third-party add-in. See the Make changes to a PDF file section in this article for more information.
 18

Recommended Task
Download any article from internet and apply the following tasks:

1. Use a Page-size A4 for complete Document.

2. Apply Proper Page No. as per session of Document.
3. Modify the Headings in following Style.
a. Main Heading use font style (Times New Roman, Arial & Calibri) use font size “14” and
apply bold.
b. Sub-Headings use all properties mentioned in task “3.a” except bold.
c. Normal Text (Paragraphs) use above mentioned font style and size is “12” alignment
justify and double line spacing (don’t apply b / I / u )
4. Design the Table of Content Using Microsoft Word.
5. Insert a suitable Cover-Page for document.
6. Insert a picture and apply proper subtitle.
7. Create a Table using “5” rows and column and apply center alignment and spacing.
8. Insert a Reference’s using proper software and apply the Vancouver style.
9. Mentioned in study using Nos. and apply Superscript.
10. Save your Document in PDF format.
BEST OF LUCK
 19

EndNote
Introduction
EndNote is a bibliographic management program designed to import, store and organize your
references. The program can automatically create and format bibliographies and in-text citations in
many different referencing styles.

An EndNote library may be equated to a file or folder containing the references you have found. A
library can contain up to 100,000 references. It is possible to create several libraries, but it is strongly
recommended that you work with one library only for a particular assignment or your thesis. If you
want to store your references separately for each section/chapter, use the Groups feature.

Getting Started
EndNote is installed on the majority of University computers; if EndNote is not installed on a
computer you are using, please contact the computer support person for your department/faculty.
University computers are updated with the latest filter, connection files and Styles required for
correct and current referencing

Create a New Library

 20

EndNote Interface
 21

Google Scholar
 22

Search & Export Reference

4. Copy to your local library
1
3

1. Click File Menu  Export

3
1

1. Output Style: Vancouver.

2. Save as type: Rich Text Format (rtf).
3. Location: Desktop.
4. File Name: Must be unique.

Note: Copy and paste the references from rtf file to Dissertation file.
 23

Microsoft®
PowerPoint 2013
Introduction
Part of the Microsoft Office 2013 suite
of programs, Microsoft PowerPoint
2013 is a full-featured presentation
program that helps you quickly and
efficiently develop dynamic,
professional-looking presentations and
then deliver them to an audience. You
can use the tampletes free for
professional look given by Microsft
Power Point 2013.

First Look
Title Bar

Appeared at top center section of PowerPoint screen,

where name of file with extension, program name,
minimize, maximize & close buttons are display.

Ribbon

Ribbon brings the most frequently used commands

onboard, you don’t need to pen menus, options or dialog
boxes. As you change the tab, the relevant commands will
be displayed in classified group formats.

Status Bar

Status Bar appears button of word screen, display

the slide no, zoom in/out and show notes.

Slide Layout

Every theme in PowerPoint includes one slide

master and a set of slide layouts. The slide layout
you choose will depend on color, fonts, and how
you want your text and other content to be
arranged on your slides. If the predesigned layouts
won’t work, you can change them.
 24

Slide Design

2 Or 3
When you want your presentation to have
Left right
more than one set of colors, fonts, and
effects (like shadows, reflections, glows,
and more), add another slide master with a 1
different theme.

Animations
In PowerPoint 2013 and
later, you can apply 1
animation effects (motion) 3
to text, pictures, shapes,
SmartArt graphics, and 2
more, so they play in your
slide show.

Note In PowerPoint, animations are not the same as transitions. A transition animates the way one
slide changes to the next. To add a transition, see Add transitions between slides.

Transitions
Slide transitions are the animation-
like effects that occur in Slide Show
view when you move from one slide
to the next during an on-screen
presentation. You can control the
speed of each slide transition effect,
and you can also add sound.

Content
You can see the content on the slide
Layout box (Table, Chart, SmartArt,
Picture, Clip Art, Media, and Shapes) or
select INSERT ribbon to get this
content on the slide. These content
normally function as work on
Microsoft WORD.
 25

Action setting
If you have a button shape or other image in your presentation
that has an action setting assigned to it, you can change that.
Example action settings can include: move to the next slide,
move to the previous slide, go to the last slide of the show, and
go to a Web page or other Microsoft Office PowerPoint
presentation or file.

Note To add a picture, clip art, or button shape and assign an

action setting to it, see Add a button or other object and apply
an action.

Charts
You can make a chart in PowerPoint or Excel. If
you have lots of data to chart, create your chart
in Excel, and then copy it into your
presentation. This is also the best way if your
data changes regularly and you want your chart
to always reflect the latest numbers. In that
case, when you copy the chart, keep it linked to
the original Excel file.

To create a simple chart from scratch in

PowerPoint, click Insert > Chart and pick the
chart you want..

Smart Art
Use a SmartArt graphic to create an
organization chart in Excel, Outlook,
PowerPoint, and Word to show the
reporting relationships in an organization,
such as department managers and non-
management employees.

You can apply simple design first select

chart or smart art then click DESIGN ribbon show at second last ribbons.

Change the current chart

type without deleting your
data just click on “Change
Chart Type” and you can
also show labels on your chart by using “Quick Layout”.
 26

Groups Object Animation

For charts, the trick is to find an animation that makes sense with your chart style.
SmartArt animation works the same. You choose an animation that makes sense for
how you want to bring in or emphasize the elements of the graphic.

example, SmartArt and Charts.

Click “ANIMATIONS” ribbon --- Select “Wipe” animation --- Select “Effect Option”

SLIDE SHOW
On the Slide Show tab, set up the
way that you want to show your
presentation to others.

Custom show
The last stage in creating a presentation is to run the final
slide show, whenever you click on slide show button from
the ribbon or press “F5” key from keyboard for slide show.
All the slides in the presentation will be executed
sequentially.

Power point 2013 also offer to compile the presentation

according to the subject / topics & run the slide show only
for selected slides from the presentation.
1
Click on the Slide Show ribbon and then click
custom slide show and select Custom show.

After that Click on “New” button and type the

name of your custom show and select the the 2
desire slide and click “Add” button and press ok.

After this step your custom show name appears in 3 4

CUSTOM SLIDE SHOW option and it will run only
selected slides instead of all the slides in the
5
presentation.

ADD MOVIE / SOUND EFFECTS

Microsoft PowerPoint 2013 has given different ways to design Presentation more
effective, meaningful and attractive by adding different design theme, visual
movement (Animation) or Sound effect. PowerPoint give the ability to add video
clips and sound effect to the presentation. Click on INSERT ribbon then Video /
Audio. Tips: if you insert video in PowerPoint 2007 don’t give it “Video Style” from FORMAT ribbon
 27

Recommended Task
Create a presentation on your specialty using eight slide and apply following formats:-

1. Please use 8 slides with suitable layouts.

2. Apply different Design on both Custom Slides.
3. Apply Graph on any slide.
4. Apply hierarchy Charts.
5. Insert picture related to your specialty.
6. Apply suitable Animation on Object (Picture, Text, Video)
7. Apply suitable Transitions on Slides.
8. Apply advance slide option 5 second per slide.
9. Custom slides using 4 slide per presentation
BEST OF LUCK ©
 28

e-LogBook

Introduction
e-LogBook is a computerized database in which every Registered PG has to make the
entries during the training period. To access the eLogbook first of all open the CPSP web site
with address www.cpsp.edu.pk and click “e-LogBook”.

Login Page
As soon as you will click on e‐logbook option, control will be diverted to a new page as
show below. In the following screen shot, select the USER TYPE (Either Trainee/
Supervisor) and then enter User Name and Password and the click on Login Button.
 29

First Look
Now Click on e‐logbook option and then Select the user type(Trainee/ Supervisor)
and enter User Name and Password and press Submit button, you control will be diverted
to e‐logbook home Page. Main e-Logbook screen, gives comprehensive information about
the user.
Home Page provides you the facility to view complete profile and also make new logbook
entries. Following are the list main functions user can perform:

1. Profile Info: Contains your Personal Information as RTMC's record.

2. Registration Info: Contains your registration information.
3. Rotation Info: Contains your rotation registration information as per RTMC's record.
4. Training : In this option your will be maintaining your Competency Training Log
which will be sent to your Program Supervisor through e‐Log Book System)
5. Rotational Training: this options will be used for maintaining your Rotational Training
Log and these logs will be sent to your Rotational Supervisor and Program Supervisor.
6. Journal Club: In this optional your will be maintaining your Journal Club logs.
7. Paper / Poster Presented
8. Paper Published
9. Prospectus.
10. Workshops
11. Digital Library
12. Reports
13. Synopsis & Dissertation
 30

Profile Information
Profile option gives the detailed personal profile of user as per RTMC record.
After click of Profile Information you can edit limited profile information as per rules. Click on “Change
Profile Information” below on Profile Picture at right.

After edit your profile information don’t forget to click “Submit” button at last of the page.

Registration Info
This option gives the Program Registration information as shown below
 31

Rotation Info

Rotation info option is used to display the rotation registration information

updated according to the RTMC record. Time period is important for Proper entry if the
Entry date is out from time period then it is trash.

Training
 32

This option is very important and day to day entries will be entered in this form. You can
view and re-edit entry if Pencil show in “Edit” Column.

Click for
New Entry

Filter View Entry

Rotational Training
This option will display the rotational entries, entries can be filtered by applying time,
status and diagnosis techniques.

Journal Club
 33

Option will display the information about the general club entries and also provides the option to
make a new entry.

New Entry

View Entry

Paper / Poster Presented

This option is used to view the paper presented details, and also provides the facility to filter the
results on the basis of different Conditions.
Edit Entry
 34

Paper Published in PMDC – Approved Journal, Internation: Journal

If user have any paper published in Approved/ Recognized Journal, then these entries can be made
and forwarded to Supervisor for Approval.

Edit Entry

CPSP e‐Log Book History:

On the right side of the Main page of e‐log book, user can view the Summery of over all activities in
tabulated format.
 35

MAKE A NEW ENTRY

This is the main sheet which gives information about the e-logbook entries and provides
the facility to enter new cases, view existing cases and at the same filter out the report.

1. Form type: In the first step of making a new entry user needs to select the form
type from following categories:
 36

2. Date of admission: When user will click in

“Date of Admission” text box, following
calendar will be displayed, which enables
the user to select patients admission date.
Once date of admission is entered, user
has to mention the Hospital Registration/
Medical Record Number (MRN) with
Patient Age & Gender selection.

3. Competency Group: Once

diagnosis has been mentioned,
when user will click on
Competency Group, List of
Competencies will be displayed.
Select appropriate Competency
Group and then Competency
Details.

But if user is unable to find related

Competency Group then type in
“Alternate” option in the bottom
of list.

4. Level: At this stage User needs to identify his/ her status during the Case Examination
from listed options:

5. Outcome: When User will click on outcome downward arrow, a list of possible
outcomes will be displayed for selection, but if user want to add any other outcome
then click on “Other” and enter required outcome.
Next to Outcome in brief Description area, user can enter his / her own observations
 37

about the Case. Before sending the case to Supervisor User needs to enter the Name
of
Supervisor under which procedure/ Examination performed.

6.. SUBMIT: Submit is the Final Stage of a New Entry, after due verification/ review
select “Yes/ No” from the “Send to Supervisor” option. If User will
select “Yes”, case will be forwarded to Supervisor’s Account and then User is unable
to make any sort of edits otherwise user can press Submit button with Choice “No”
to Save the entry as draft that can be edited later on.

Rotational Training Entry

This is Rotation
Training Entry
form. Same step
apply as Training
Entry but “Date of
Admission” is
important at the
time of Entry.
 38

Journal Club Entry

Journal Club Entry is simply done as Example show in figure.

Paper / Poster Presented Entry

Paper / Poster Presented Entry.

 39

Paper Published in PMDC-Approved Journal / Int. Journal

It is done in simple step done in figure below.

Prospectus, Workshop Material &e-certificate

In this area e-logbook provide you the detail prospectus of your specialty. Where you can find
complete Training entry & rotational training entry, e.t.c. Also you can view your workshop
material and e-certificate any time.
 40

Reports
You can view you reports as yearly.

Synopsis / Dissertation Status

In this area you can show your synopsis and dissertation status.
 41

Introduction to SPSS

OVER VIEW OF SPSS

SPSS is a Statistical analysis program available to the students and faculty for research studies
and other projects that demand data analysis. Anyone who works with numerical data will
find this program use‐ full. While it is easy to use and powerful program because of the
mathematical manipulations it can per‐ form. In this training manual, you will learn the basics
of computer program SPSS – Statistical Package for the Social Science.

HOW TO LAUNCH SPSS

To launch/ open SPSS program is as simple as other programs.

How to Launch

• Click “Start” Key and type “Spss” Select “IBM SPSS Statistics 22”.

Note:

Click on any SPSS short cut icon displayed on the desktop/ task bar to launch the SPSS program
 42

SCREEN ELEMENTS
The SPSS main screen layout is relatively similar to the Microsoft office Excel program.
However SPSS opening screen has following key elements.

1. Title bar:

Similar to other programs Title bar displays the name of running program (Program in use),
title bar appears at the top of screen and contains three buttons for Minimize, Maximize &
Close at right top corner of the screen.

2. Menu bar:

Menu bar is the list of options such as File, Edit, View, Data etc.and each option contains the
drop down list of other option/ commands. Generally it appears below the title bar.

3. Toolbar:

Tool bar is the list of small icons (images), each icon is assigned an identical function such as
Open, Save, Print, Undo, and Redo etc. Tool bar appears below the menu bar by default
setting.

4. Scroll bars:

Almost every program offers two Vertical and horizontal Scroll bars for moving the control
from upward to down ward and from left to right or vice versa.

5. Rows/ Columns:

Similar to spread sheet programs SPSS screen is distributed into Rows and Columns. The Inter‐
section of Row and Column is Called Cell. In SPSS environment rows represents the records/
Cases while columns represents the variables in the record/ Cases.

6. Variable View & Data View Buttons:

When SPSS is opened you will notice two Tabs/ buttons at the left bottom of able
View & Data View as highlighted in following screen shot.

Variable View button is helpful to define the variables to be used in the study whiy/
Research while Data view is used to enter the data in SPSS program.
 43

Variable View

Defining Variable:
Before you begin to enter the data, first of all you need to specify what variable each column will
represent. You do this by moving into the windows labeled Variable View.

Fill the variable characteristics by putting values in each column such as Name, Type, Width, and
Decimals etc. In the Variable view window, you will have a row (Horizontal) of information for each
variable in the data set.

Variable Name:
The first step is to specify an abbreviated name that will represent the variable. Although you can use
the default (Var001), but it is recommended that assign more meaningful name. By default va‐ riable
name is limited to eight characters, However SPSS will not permit the use of some special characters,
such as () % * /. = + &. If you will enter these illegal characters, an error message will be displayed.

VARIABLE TYPE, WIDTH & DECIMAL PLACES

 44

Once you have selected the variable name and attempt to move to the next column, information will
automatically appear in the remaining row cells, this information represents the “default settings”
assigned by SPSS.

Although you can enter data using these default settings, it is easier in the long run if you work through
these columns entering the specific characteristics of the particular variable.

If you move the cursor and click on the small grey box in the column reading “Numeric”, a submenu
will appear that allows you to insert information about the type of variable. The default value type is
Numeric. Numeric refers to the Numbers and String refers to the actual Words.

In the most cases the default setting is used because numeric variables permit more statistical analysis.
Which explains why quantitative researchers tend to convert nominal (categorical) variables into
numbers?

In this window, you also specify the width and numbers decimal places for the variable. The de‐ fault
width for variable is 08 characters. The numbers 24 is two characters in width; while 24.5 is four
characters in width, because you must count the decimal point as a character. To determine the width
of a variable, consider the maximum value that you are likely to obtain for a variable.

For example, if you were collecting data on patients’

systolic blood pressure, you would probably specify
width of variable as 3 because you are unlikely to obtain
a value in the thousands. Completing this step adds a
safeguard for data entry, if you attempt to enter a
number that is greater than the specified width, SPSS
will put an asterisk (*) in the cell rather than the number.
(Define Variable View).
 45

VARIABLE LABEL

The next column is called label. In this column, you can insert a more complete name for the variable.

• For example, if you collect the data on patients’ systolic blood pressure, you might use

• BP for the variable name and then indicate “systolic blood pressure” for the variable label.

It is useful to include this additional information as the variable label is printed on all SPSS output(the
results of the data analysis). Inclusion of these labels makes it easier to interpret findings.

Variable Values:

The next column is labeled “Values”. Once again, if you click on the values column, the following
submenu will appear: little grey box that appears in.
 46

In this window you give meaning to the numbers entered in the data file.

 For example gender is a common study variable. Obviously, there are two possible responses
– Male and Female. If we want to enter as numeric variable, we would need to assign numeric
value to each term. For example, we could make male = 1, female = 2

• SPSS doesn’t cares what values are assigned to the variables.

Put 1 in the box labeled “value”, and Male in the box labeled “value label” and then click “Add”.

Missing Values

The next column is labeled “Missing”. During data collection, situations may arise when relevant
information is not collected.

 For example, a subject may opt not to answer a certain question or something occurs that
prevents you from collecting a specific piece of information.

• Although it is always preferable to avoid this situation, it is important to indicate in the data
file when a piece of datum is missing.

If you click on the small grey box in this column, the following submenu will appear.

If complete data are collected for all cases in your study, you can use the default of “No missing data”.
 47

However if there is possibility for missing data, it is advise able to specify the value(s) that will be
used to indicate this.

 Often the data file created while you wait for ethical approval or during the full times in the
data collection. In this situation, it is a good idea to define missing values (so there are ready
if you need them).

By convention, a value of “9” or some combination thereof is used to signify missing data.

 When assigning a value to the missing data, it is important to ensure that the number selected
is out sided the range of possible values.

• For example, if we were coding age in a sample of patients, 9 might be a possible value may
even 99. Consequently, we might define the missing value as 999.

ALLIGNEMENTS:

1. Column Format:

The next column specifies the width of each column in the data file. The default setting is
“8”which indicates that the column could hold up to 8 characters. However you can make the
column wider specifying a larger number, or make them narrower by indicating smaller
number.

2. Align Format:

The next column specifies how characters are positioned in the cell. The default of “Right”
indicates that all data are positioned “Flush Right”.

However you can change the setting so that data are positioned in the “center” or flush “Left”.

Once again, this option is more for personal preference. Try out the various options and see
what you like.
 48

MEASURE:
The last column is used to specify the level of measurement generated for the variable. You will likely
have some vague recollection of discussing “levels of measurement” in your research course.

 Nominal:
o Most basic level of measurement
o Numbers assigned arbitrarily (lack meaning in and of themselves)
o Reflect different categories of a variable such as gender, ethnicity or blood type.
 Ordinal:
o Possesses characteristics of nominal plus.
o Number indicate an ordering or ranking.
o Distance or magnitude between numbers is not assumed to be equal.
o Variables such as a numerical pain scale with “0” being no pain and “10” being worst
pain possible.
 Scale:
o Possesses characteristics of nominal and ordinal plus
o Numbers have meaning and ordering
o Interval between numbers are equidistant (equal distance)
o Use in place of traditional “INTERVAL” and “ratio” level of measurement
o Variables such as systolic blood pressure, age, body weight, or days in hospital

Completing this column is helpful because it gets you thinking about the type of data that you are
handling. As you will soon learn, the level of measurement has implications for the statistical tests
that can be performed.
 49

ENTER THE DATA

Once you have defined all the variables in the “Variable View” window, move back to the “Data View”
window by clicking on the “Data View” tab/ Button

This will bring the “Data View” window forward, Notice how this window has changed.

The “variable Names” that you assigned now appear at the top of each column.

You are now ready to enter data for each subject or case in your study.

• Remember you will end up with a row of data for each case
 50

ENTERING DATA IS A SIMPLE PROCESS

 Simply type the number into the appropriate cell and press the “Enter” key. This will move the
cursor so the cell below (in the next row) is highlighted.

 Alternatively if you want to enter all the data for one case at a time (work across a row), you
can press the arrow key which will highlight the cell to the right.

As you enter data, your file will begin to look something like this:

For those who are more comfortable with words, SPSS will display the actual value labels.

To do this simply:

 Click on “View” button from the menu bar, a popup list will be displayed, select Value labels
from the drop down list.

However as you work with your data file, you will soon become very familiar and comfortable with
the numerical values.
 51

SAVING DATA FILE

To save as SPSS data file, follow the same process as you would for saving any window based file:

Click “File”

 Then Click “Save”.

 In the space next to “File Name”, insert a title for the data file
 Note in space next to “Save as type” that all SPSS data files end with the postfix (.sav)

Warning: Unlike our word processing program, SPSS will not periodically save your file.
Consequently, it is essential that you do! Once your data file has a name, you can periodically
save it by simply clicking on the picture icon of the disk.
 52

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

The mentioned below fake data set will be used to demonstrate some of the basic tasks in SPSS.

Data file with value labels and without value labels.

 53

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

The first step in data analysis is to double check your data for entry errors. In SPSS, this is easily done
with basic descriptive statistics. Descriptives… are also useful to summarize your data using measures
of central tendency and variance.

1. Click on “Analyze” menu, a drop down menu will appear.

2. Move the mouse pointer to “Descriptive Statistics”, a sub
menu will appear.
3. Click on “Descriptives” from resulting sub menu,
frequencies window will appear

Then click the option button “option window will be visible.

• After Analyze Output windows will be display:

 54

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OUTPUT WINDOW DISPLAY:

FREQUENCY TABLE
Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

Weight(kg) of cases 10 49 85 63.70 10.615

Valid N (listwise) 10

Frequency tables include lists of values (categories) within each selected variables and the number of
times each category occurs. When we create a graphics presentation then we use frequency option.

To create a table of frequencies (number of occurrences of given categories),

Select Analyze → Descriptive Statistics → Frequencies.

1. Click on “Analyze” menu, a drop down menu will

appear.
2. Move the mouse pointer to “Descriptive Statistics”,
a sub menu will appear.
3. Click on “Frequencies” from resulting sub menu,
frequencies window will appear.

Click Charts button window will be display “Charts”.

 55

CHARTS
There are there type of Charts in SPSS.

Bar & Pie Chart:

It is use for Qualitative Variable.

Histograms:

It is use for quantitative variables.

After Analyze Output window will be display:

FREQUENCIES OUTPUT WINDOW DISPLAY

Gender of case
Cumulative
Gender Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Percent

Male 7 70.0 70.0 70.0

Valid Female 3 30.0 30.0 100.0

Total 10 100.0 100.0

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RECODE IN TO DIFFERENT VARIABLE

1. Click on “Transform” menu, a drop down menu will appear.

2. Click on “Recode in to Different Variable “.

“Recode in to Different Variable” window will appear.

1. Choose “Weight” variable in Input window then

2. Type new variable name” Pain.tol” in output variable column & “Pain
tolerance” in Label.
3. Press” Change” Button
4. after that Click “Old and New Values Button”.
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APPEAR OLD AND NEW VALUES WINDOW

1. Select “Range” for Old value column and “Value” from New Value Column.
2. Type a Range 1 through 4
3. Click Value option and type 1
4. Then Press Add Button. (One Range added).

Click Continue Button then Press Ok button Output window will appear.

 Click on “Data View” window pain.tol column will appear.

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VARIABLE VIEW & VALUE LABELS TYPE:

1. Click on Variable View window

2. Click on Values column
3. Add (1= Mild, 2 =Moderate, 3 = Severe) values.
4. Output window will appear.

1. Click on Analyze Menu--- Desccriptive ------ Frequencies ---- Select Pain.Tol

2. Choose Pie Chart then
3. Press Ok.
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CROSS TAB

Cross tabulation is useful to show the relationship between two or more categorical variables.

Crosstabs gives frequencies for one variable separately for each level of another variable.

1. Analyze -> Descriptive Statistics -> Crosstabs

2. Select and put Categorical variable in "Column(s)” box, variable in “Row(s)" box.
3. Select Gender variable in “Row(s)" box and Select another Education variable in Column(s) box.

Press Ok.
4. Out Put window will appear

CROSSTABS OUTPUT WINDOW DISPLAY

Gender * Education Cross tabulation
Count

Education

Gender Ilitrate Primary Matric Intermediate Graduate PG Diploma Total

Male 1 2 2 0 0 1 6

Female 1 1 0 1 1 0 4

Total 2 3 2 1 1 1 10
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SELECT CASES

The default in SPSS is to use all cases. In order to use only selected cases in the data file

1. First Click the Data Menu > Select Cases options.

2. Select “If condition is satisfied” by clicking its radio button.
3. Click “If” button then dialogue box will appear.

4. From the variable list, choose the pain.tol variable in empty box.
5. Choose “equal sign =” from calculator options then chose severe value “3”
6. Press Continue then Press Ok.
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SPILT THE SEVERE SELECT CASES

1. Click the Analyze Menu > Select the Descriptive Statistics > Click Descriptives.
2. Descriptive windows will appear then
3. Choose a variable pain.tol 3 filter which shows another name (Severe filter).
4. Choose along with three variables Vas, Height and Weight.
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SHOW SPILT FILE ACCORDING TO SEVERE PATIENT

Descriptive Statistics
N Mean

Severe 3 1.00
Vas 3 9.00
height 3 152.67
weight 3 77.33
Valid N (listwise) 3

REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What are the main applications of SPSS?

2. What is difference between the Variable View & Data View Button?
3. What are the three levels of measurements?
4. Write the procedure to create any chart in the SPSS?
5. What do you mean by qualitative and quantitative type of data?
6. Why Value labels are important in SPSS data files?
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RECOMMENDED TASK (TUTORIAL NO.1)

A researcher planned a study to assess relationship of postoperative pain tolerance with their
education status. He planned to assess pain tolerance by using visual analog score (VAS) to
conduct his study, through the following Performa?
PERFORMA
ID: _______Gender: _________ Weight (kg):________ Height (in cm). ___________
Pain tolerance (VAS): Mild (1-4) Moderate (5-7) Severe (8-10)

Ethnic group: Punjabi Sindhi Pathan

Balochi Kashmiri Sriki
Education: Illiterate Primary Matric
Intermediate Graduate Post Graduate

Data of first ten sample population:

ID Gender VAS HEIGHT WEIGHT ETHNICITY EDUCATION

1 Male 6 163 72 Punjabi Illiterate
2 Female 7 135 68 Kashmiri Primary
3 Male 8 153 70 Pathan Primary
4 Female 10 150 82 Sindhi Illiterate
5 Female 5 143 60 Punjabi Graduate
6 Male 9 155 80 Pathan Post Graduate
7 Male 4 187 78 Balochi Matric
8 Female 2 135 62 Sindhi Intermediate
9 Male 5 140 57 Kashmiri Matric
10 Male 7 174 65 Sriki Primary

Task:
a. Design this questionnaire in SPSS Enter the Data given.

b. Find the average, weight, height and visual analog score (VAS) and make
Appropriate graphic for these variables.

c. Give appropriate Descriptive Statistics and graphs for Categorical

variables.

d. Spilt the file according to pain tolerance and give average, weight, height
and visual analog score of the patients with severe pain.