Digital Oscillography:

:Y:Y, 1:1 Ratio, 1:1 CTs, Normal

Analog Traces 201

:Y:Y, yyy, 1:1 Ratio,
1:1 CTs, Roll W1, ØA

202
 Three Line:
:Y:Y, 1:1 Ratio, 1:1 CTs, W1, Roll ØA

203
 Advanced Metering:
:Y:Y, 1:1 Ratio, 1:1 CTs, W1, Roll ØA
Levels of negative and zero sequence current,
Positive sequence current not at phase current level

0.0

0.0

High level of positive sequence current

204
 Advanced Metering:
:Y:Y, 1:1 Ratio, 1:1 CTs, W1, Roll ØA
High differential current
Restraint current less
than through current

205
 Vector Metering:
:Y:Y, 1:1 Ratio, 1:1 CTs, W1, Roll ØA

206
 Digital Oscillography:
:Y:Y, 1:1 Ratio, 1:1 CTs, W1, Roll ØA

W1, Phase A

W2, Phase A
W3, Phase A

Differential Trip

Analog Traces
 Transformer Protection

:Y:Y, yyy, 1:1 Ratio,

1:1 CTs, W1, Roll ØC

208
208
 Transformer Protection

Three Line:
:Y:Y, 1:1 Ratio, 1:1 CTs, W1, Roll ØC

209
209
 Transformer Protection

Advanced Metering:
:Y:Y, 1:1 Ratio, 1:1 CTs, W1, Roll ØC

Hi I2 & I0 Iph =/= I1

Hi Idiff

210
210
 Transformer Protection
Vector Metering:
:Y:Y, 1:1 Ratio, 1:1 CTs, W1, Roll ØC

Wdg1 A-Ph @ 0o
Wdg1 C-Ph @ -60o

Wdgs 1, 2 & 3 A-Ph @ -60o

Wdg1 C-Ph @ -60o

211
211
 Transformer Protection

Digital Oscillography:
:Y:Y, 1:1 Ratio, 1:1 CTs, W1, Roll ØC

Wdg2&3 C-Ph

Wdg1 C-Ph

Analog Traces 212

212
Commissioning Tools
Make Your Life Easier!
• Advanced Metering
– Sequence components for all windings
• Positive, negative and zero
• Restraint and differential currents
• Vector Metering
– Uncompensated
• Raw signal
– Compensated
• Post vector and ratio corrections
• Digital Oscillography
• All winding currents
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WSU Hands-On Relay School 2018 Transformer Protection
M-3311A Typical Connection
Diagram
Two Winding Model CT 2 Winding
This function is available as a
standard protective function.
This function is available in the Optional  A
Voltage Protection Package

M-3311A
CT Winding 1
Targets 50 51 (W1)
(Optional)
Integral HMI
(Optional) 51N
87T 87H
Metering

87 CT
Sequence Of Events 50G 51G Winding 2
GD
(W2)
Waveform Capture
51N

IRIG-B
50N
BF R
Front RS232 59G
Communication
Rear RS-232/485
Communication
Multiple Setting
Groups
VT

Programmable I/O

Programmable Logic

24 81U 27 59
Self Diagnostics
B

50 CT
BF 50 51 46

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WSU Hands-On Relay School 2018 Transformer Protection

3 Winding

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WSU Hands-On Relay School 2018 Transformer Protection

M-3311A Typical
4 Winding
This function is available as a 
Connection Diagram standard protective function. Winding 4 Winding 1
(W4) (W1)
Four Winding Model This function is available in the  3‐CT 3‐CT

Optional Voltage Protection  52 52
Packages.

M-3311A 1
Targets 50BF 50 51 46 49 *
(Optional)
Integral HMI
(Optional) 51N 50N A
Metering

VG V0
Sequence Of Events VT
2 1‐VT
2
1 * 81
Waveform Capture 50BF 50 51 49 59G 24 27 59
O/U

IRIG-B
51N 50N
Front RS232 Winding 2 Winding 3
Communication (W2) (W3)
Rear RS-232/485 1 1‐CT
87GD 50G 51G
Communication
Multiple Setting
Groups 1 1‐CT
50N 87GD 50G 51G
Programmable I/O

Programmable Logic 51N R

R
50N

Self Diagnostics
50N
BF 51N
Dual Power Supply
(Optional)
RJ45 Ethernet
50N
(Optional) BF

B C
1 *
87H 87T 50BF 50 51 46 49
3‐CT

1 * 3‐CT
50BF 50 51 46 49

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WSU Hands-On Relay School 2018 Transformer Protection
M-3311A Typical This function is available as a 

4 Winding
Connection Diagram standard protective function.
Four Winding Model This function is available in the  Winding 4 Winding 1
(W4) (W1)
Optional Voltage Protection 

w/Current
3‐CT 3‐CT
Package.
52 52
M-3311A

Summing
Targets
(Optional)
Integral HMI
(Optional)

Metering A

Sequence Of Events VG VT
2 1‐VT
2 Vo

50 1 51 49 * 81
50BF 59G 24 27 59
Waveform Capture Sum Sum Sum Sum O/U

IRIG-B
51N 50N
Sum
Front RS232 Winding 2 Winding 3
Communication (W2) (W3)
Rear RS-232/485 1 1‐CT
87GD 50G 51G
Communication
Multiple Setting
Groups 1 1‐CT
50N 87GD 50G 51G
Programmable I/O

Programmable Logic 51N R R

50N

Self Diagnostics
50N
BF 51N
Dual Power Supply
(Optional)
RJ45 Ethernet
50N
(Optional) BF

B C
1 *
87H 87T 50BF 50 51 46 49
3‐CT

1 * 3‐CT
50BF 50 51 46 49

* Two sets of summed winding

cuurents can be enabled at a time.
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WSU Hands-On Relay School 2018 Transformer Protection

Unique Features of Beckwith Transformer Protection Relays

 Voltage inputs with overexcitation protection
 Adaptive overexcitation restraint based on 5th harmonic
 Use of 2nd and 4th harmonic for inrush restraint
 Up to three ground directional differential elements
 Current summing for 51 and 87GD functions to be used with breaker
and a half configuration
 Through fault monitoring to schedule early maintenance and prevent
transformer failures
 Graphical display of uncompensated and compensated phasors for
each winding to help with test and commissioning
 Easy to access metering screens for test and commissioning
 User friendly setting of transformer/CT connection configurations
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WSU Hands-On Relay School 2018 Transformer Protection

References
1. IEEE Guide for Transformer Protection, ANSI/IEEE C37.91-2008.

2. IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and

Commercial Power Systems, IEEE Std. 142-1991.

3. Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, 3rd Ed.; Lew

Blackburn and Thomas Domin, CRC Press 2007; ISBN# 978-1-57444-
716-3

4. Protective Relaying for Power Generation Systems; Donald Reimert,

CRC Press 2006; ISBN#0-8247-0700-1.

5. Industrial Power Distribution; Dr. Ralph E. Fehr III, Wiley – IEEE

Press 2016; ISBN# 978-1-119-06334-6

5. Optimizing Transformer Protection, Wayne Hartmann, presented at

the Doble Conference 2016

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WSU Hands-On Relay School 2018 Transformer Protection

Beckwith Electric
Protection Seminar

Thank You

Questions? 220
220
WSU Hands-On Relay School 2018 Transformer Protection

Interface and Analysis Software:

Desirable Attributes
 NERC “State of Reliability 2013”
 30% of Relay Misoperations are due to human interface
error
• Programming too complex
• Commissioning difficult
• Period Testing difficult

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WSU Hands-On Relay School 2018 Transformer Protection

Interface and Analysis Software:

Desirable Attributes

 PC Software package for setpoint interrogation and

modification, metering, monitoring, and downloading
oscillography records

 Oscillography Analysis Software package graphically

displays to facilitate analysis, and print captured waveforms

Be menu-driven, graphical, simple to use

 Autodocumentation to eliminates transcription errors

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WSU Hands-On Relay School 2018 Transformer Protection

How do you set a relay?

 Set the configuration (relay environment)

 Set elements

 Define tripping and blocking assignments

 Review/print summary

223
223
 Transformer Protection

224 224
 Transformer Protection

Creating NEW File

225
225
 Transformer Protection

Opening EXISTING File

226
226
 Transformer Protection

Connect to the Relay

227
227
 Transformer Protection

Set Up System

228
228
 Transformer Protection

Relay Setpoints

229
 Transformer Protection

Display I/O Map

230
 Transformer Protection

Display I/O Map

Element Disabled

231
 Transformer Protection

Through Fault Recorder

232
232
 Transformer Protection

Breaker Monitor

233
233
 Transformer Protection

Setpoint Summary

234
 Transformer Protection

Example:

Programmable
Logic

235
235
 Transformer Protection

Example:

Programmable
Logic

236
236
 Transformer Protection

Graphic Metering and Monitoring

 Metering of all measured inputs

- Measured and calculated quantities
 Instrumentation grade

 Commissioning and Analysis Tools

- Advanced metering
- Event logs
- Vector meters
- R-X Graphics
- Oscillograph recording

237
237
 Transformer Protection

Primary Metering
And
Component Metering

238
 Transformer Protection

Secondary Metering,
Components Metering,
and Status

239
 Transformer Protection

Event Log Trigger

Elements
trigger on
trip, drop out,
pick up

I/O triggers
on pick up,
drop out
 Transformer Protection

Sequence of Events Recorder (total 512 Events are

stored)

241
241
 Transformer Protection

Function Status (Targets)

87T has tripped

51#1 is picked up

242
 Transformer Protection

Differential Plot

243
Transformer Protection

Retrieve
Target Log

244