What is SIP

SIP is an ASCII-based,
application-layer control protocol that can be used to establish, maintain, and
terminate calls between two or more endpoints. Like other Voice over IP protocols,
SIP is designed to address the functions of signaling and session management within
a packet telephony network

How do you setup sip phone

Standard SIP Phone Setup.
Make sure that your SIP Phone is turned on and connected to an IP Router or Modem.
If you are using a softphone make sure that your PC is connected to the network.
In your phone's configuration menu there should be an option to define a SIP
Server, SIP Registrar or SIP Domain value.

Definition and Background.

IFC: Initial Filter Criteria.
It is Used to describe when routing to a specific application server about the SIP
message received,
and it is the main content of the existing IMS service triggering data, furthermore
it is also the core of IMS service triggering mechanism.

Hairpinning: RFC 5128#section-2.10

defines hairpinning as following: �If two hosts (called X1 and X2) are behind the
same NAT and exchanging traffic, the NAT may allocate an address on the outside of
the NAT for X2, called X2':x2'.
If X1 sends traffic to X2':x2', it goes to the NAT, which must relay the traffic
from X1 to X2. This is referred to as hairpinning.�. Here is an example:
Hairpinning
Spiral in SIP:as defined in RFC 3261:
the condition where a SIP request routed to the proxy, forwarded onwards, and
arrived again to that proxy, but this time differs in Request-URI. Example: call
fowarding. Spiral is not considered as an error.
Loop in SIP: this is considered as an error. As in Spiral but when the request
arrives the second time to the proxy, its Request-ID is identical to the first
time. The proxy makes the same routing decision and we come to loop.

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https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-
US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_OpenStack_Platform/5/html/Configuration_Reference_Guide
/section_compute-scheduler.html

Transaction :
A Transaction refers to fundamental unit of message exchange, between the SIP user
agents, consist of one request and all responses to that request.
It basically includes a request-response cycle.
Dialog : A peer-to-peer relationship between two use agents. It is usually created
through generation of SUCCESSFUL final response.
Session : A Session refers to the exchange of media between two or more endpoints.

What is difference between call transfer and call redirect?

In Call Transfer, the UA first establish a dialog with the calee, and then
initiates setting up a new dialog between the callee and the another UA.
In Call Redirect, the UA doesn't answer the call, but inform the callee to resend
the INVITE to another SIP URI.
What is difference between Inside Dialog, & Outside Dialog?

Before getting into this, Lets understand how a Dialog gets establish.
The Dialog-ID is constitutes with To-TAG, From-TAG and Call-ID. Means If we have
all these 3 musketeers (To-TAG, From-TAG and Call-ID) while getting a request,
Its Inside of the Dialog else its Outside of the Dialog.