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Filter& Trade-offs
Filter Performance Performance & Trade-offs
Transfer function H(s)
ω0 , Q or BW, Gain, out-of-band attenuation, etc.
Cost (area)
Simple Example
Example
The thermal noise of a resistor R can be modeled by a series voltage source, with the
one-sided spectral density
Vn2 = Sv(f) = 4kTR, f 0,
where k = 1.381023 J/K is the Boltzmann constant and Sv(f) is expressed in V2/Hz.
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Example: LPF
Vout
We compute the transfer function from VR to Vout: s 1
VR RCs 1
2
V 1
From the theorem, we have Sout f S R f out f 4kTR 2 2 2 2 .
VR 4 R C f 1
𝐾𝜔0 2
𝐻 𝑠 =
𝑠3 2 3𝜔0 𝜔0 𝜔0 2
+𝑠 1+ +𝑠 𝑄 + + 𝜔0 2
𝛽. 𝐺𝐵𝑊 𝛽. 𝐺𝐵𝑊 𝛽. 𝐺𝐵𝑊
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Introduction
Active Integrated Filter Implementations
Biomedical Military
Wireless communication Hard disk drive
Hearing aid mm-Wave
Video Space
Sensors Imaging
Sigma delta converters Wireless Communication
Loop filter in PLL
Impedance Scaling
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Frequency Scaling
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𝜔0 = 1 Frequency Scaling
1MHz
𝑄 = 0.7
Impedance Scaling
10kΩ
1 1
0
R1R 2C 1C 2 R C 1C 2
1 C1 1 C1
Q R1R 2
R1 R 2 C2 2 C2
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MOS-C Filters
W VDS2
I D nCox (VGS VTH )VDS
L 2
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(V in V X )2
I 1 K (V C V X V TH )(V in V X )
2
(V in V X )2
I 2 K (V C V X V TH )(V in V X )
2
I 1 I 2 K (V C V TH ) 2V in
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Balanced Form
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Simple Example
Automatic Tuning
Simple Example
Automatic Tuning
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