Questions on PT:

1) What is the basic principle of PT?

Ans: Capillary action

2) What is Viscosity?
Ans: Resistance to flow in a liquid is called viscosity

3) Which is the most common way of surface preparation

Ans: solvent cleaning

4) Which is the best method to remove grease

Ans : vapor degreser

5) Which method is used for removing rust

Ans: Acid and alkaline cleaners. Mostly we use sulphuric acid

6) What are the dyes used in a penetrant

Ans: Fluorescent, visible, dual sensitive

7) Which dye is better to use and why?

Ans: Fluorescent, because of less viscosity it flows easily into the material.

8) What is the color of dual sensitive penetrant

Ans: combination of orange and yellow color dyes.

9) Which technique is used in industry to apply penetrant?

Ans: spraying

10)What is the minimum penetrant dwell time given for steel materials?
Ans: 10 min

11) Dwell time depends upon what factors?

Ans: type of material, manufacturing process, type of defects and type of
penetrant.

11)Which penetrant requires less dwell time and why?

Ans: Fluorescent penetrant, because of less viscosity.

12)What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on dwell time?

Ans: If there is more atmospheric pressure, less dwell time should be given,
as the penetrant will easily go into the flaw.

13)Maximum penetrant dwell time?

Ans: Generally we give 30 min as the maximum time, but in typical conditions
it can be extended upto 90 min also.
14)What are the methods for removing excess penetrant?
Ans: By
a) Water washing
b) Emuslification and water washing
c) Solvent remover

15)Which is the best method for removing excess penetrant and why?
Ans: Best method to remove excess penetrant is by applying emulsifier and
water washing. Emulsification makes the penetrant to be easily removed.

16)What is the minimum pressure for water washing?

Ans: 20 PSI

17)What are the types of penetrant?

Ans: a) water washable penetrant
b) Post emusifiable penetrant
c) Solvent removable penetrant

18)Which is the most commonly used penetrant?

Ans: Solvent removable Penetrant

19)Which is the most commonly used developer?

Ans: Non-aqueous developer.

20)What is the problem if more penetrant is?

Ans: If more penetrant is applied it is difficult to remove it.

21)What is the problem if more developer is applied and what Is the

solution?
Ans: The penetrant cannot bleed out of the defect and cannot be seen. The
only solution is to redo the process.

22)What is the light intensity in which PT is to be done?

Ans: For any NDT method the light intensity should be minimum 1000LUX.

23)What are the companies, which manufacture products for PT and MPT?
Ans: a) Ferrochem
b) Magnaflux
c) Ely chemicals
d) Chemetall

24)What is the advantage of PT over MPT?

Ans: Cheaper process and no skill required for techinician.

25)Do you recomment PT for a pipe of 6M length and 300mm dia and
thickness 8 mm?
Ans; No, as PT finds only surface defects we don’t suggest PT, it is better to do
MPT.